| Usability Testing in the Real World | | BIB | 43-46 | |
| Carol Bergfeld Mills; Kevin F. Bury; Catherine Marshall; Paul Reed; Teresa L. Roberts; Bruce Tognazzini; John Gould | |||
| A Comparison of Textual Information Retention from CRT Terminals and Paper | | BIBA | 47-50 | |
| Mitchell F. Wyle | |||
| An experiment measuring the difference in reading comprehension and retention between paper and CRT displays is described. Results, conclusions, and implications are presented. The results indicate that textual information is retained significantly better when it is presented on paper. | |||
| CSCW'86 Conference Summary Report | | BIB | 51-53 | |
| Herb Krasner | |||
| Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: Trip Report from the Conference in Austin, December 3-5, 1986 | | BIB | 54-61 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| Human Factors in Computer Systems: Some Useful Readings | | BIB | 15-20 | |
| Paul Green | |||
| How Faithfully Should the Electronic Office Simulate the Real One? | | BIBA | 21-25 | |
| Jeff Johnson | |||
| The naive answer to this question -- "as closely as possible" -- is wrong for several reasons. First, it fails to recognize that user dexterity in manipulating simulated objects on a computer screen is not as high as it is in the physical world. Second, it wrongly subordinates users' goals to the actions that they perform in the physical office to achieve those goals. Third, it often results in unnecessary development effort and poor system performance. Fourth, it limits the functionality of the system to that provided by its physical counterpart. Finally, it presents a user interface that, though familiar, may not be optimal. There is no simple rule for determining the correct level of detail that a Desktop Metaphor system should have. Such a determination requires either a careful analysis of the desired functionality (taking into account pragmatic considerations such as the difficulty of implementation) or considerable experience in designing such systems. Many developers lack such experience and are unwilling to do the necessary analysis, and thus wind up applying the naive approach. Some heuristics are presented to help guide designers away from the naive approach. | |||
| Software Development Snapshots: A Preliminary Investigation | | BIB | 26-29 | |
| Laura Marie Leventhal | |||
| Classification of Dialog Techniques: A CHI+GI'87 Workshop, Toronto, April 6, 1987 | | BIB | 30-35 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| CHI+GI'87 Poster Session Papers and Abstracts | | BIB | 36-57 | |
| Aaron Marcus | |||
| Principles for the Design of Manuals: An Empirical Study and Production Rule Analysis | | BIB | 37 | |
| Richard Catrambone | |||
| PAC: An Object Oriented Model for Implementing User Interfaces | | BIB | 37-41 | |
| Joelle Coutaz | |||
| A User Interface Design Tool | | BIB | 41-42 | |
| David England | |||
| Experimentus Interruptus | | BIB | 42-46 | |
| Graeme E. Field | |||
| An Adaptive Graphics Analyzer as a Preference-Oriented Interface | | BIB | 46-48 | |
| Marek Holynski; Robert Garneau; Michael Lu | |||
| A Comparison of Tabular and Graphical Displays in Four Problem-Solving Domains | | BIB | 49-54 | |
| Mary J. LaLomia; Michael D. Coovert | |||
| Intelligent Systems Design: The Development of a Framework and Empirical Assessment of Knowledge Presentation and Reasoning in an Expert System Interface | | BIB | 54-55 | |
| Donna M. Lamberti | |||
| An Icon Design Manual Page for the User Interface of a CAD/CAM/CAE Workstation | | BIB | 55 | |
| Aaron Marcus; Michael Arent; Bruce Browne; Carl Jacobsen | |||
| Refining Early Design Decisions with a Black-Box Model | | BIB | 55 | |
| Andrew Monk | |||
| On-Line Documentation and Tutorials for an Integrated Graphical and Data Analysis System | | BIB | 56 | |
| David M. Stein | |||
| Graphical Entry of Weather Forecasts | | BIB | 56-57 | |
| R. K. R. Trafford | |||
| CHI+GI'87, Toronto, April 5-9, 1987 | | BIB | 58-66 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| Fun | | BIB | 21-24 | |
| John M. Carroll; John C. Thomas | |||
| A Brief Summary of the Background and Current Status of the HFS Human-Computer Interaction Standards Committee | | BIB | 25-27 | |
| Paul Reed | |||
| A Change of Mind or The Story of Fuzzies in Purgatory | | BIB | 28-36 | |
| Scott Luebking | |||
| Videotex Information Packagers: A Field Study Aimed at Tomorrow's Videotex Author Interface | | BIBAK | 37-47 | |
| John F. (Jeff) Kelley | |||
| Twenty-Three professional Videotex Information Packagers (VIP: graphic
artists, database architects, wordsmiths, etc.) were interviewed about current
work habits with an eye toward the implications for VIP automation. Interviews
were taped and transcribed for semi-mechanized content analysis. Photographs
of work areas and materials were also made. Observations include: heavy
continuing reliance on paper notes and records; a frequently frustrated need on
the part of VIPs for a variety of database listings in different formats
(graphic and textual) at differing levels of detail; desperate need for more
compatibility among the various hardware and software elements in the
graphics/text/database synthesis process. Keywords: General, Hardware / software interfaces, Software, Software psychology,
Models and principles, User/machine systems, Human factors, Computer graphics,
Graphics utilities, Graphics packages, Picture description languages, Text
processing, Document preparation, Format and notation, Photocomposition, Arts
and humanities, Arts, fine and performing, Experimentation, Human factors,
Videotex, Information provider, Authoring system, Task analysis, Engineering
psychology | |||
| The HCI Situation in Europe | | BIB | 48-50 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| HUFIT -- Human Factor Laboratories in Information Technology | | BIBA | 51-54 | |
| K. P. Fahnrich; J. Ziegler; M. Galer | |||
| The HUFIT (Human Factors in Information Technology) project is an extensive multinational project of cooperation in the area of ergonomics, in the design of IT products, in particular office systems. The project involves eleven institutions in eight European countries. This paper aims to provide a resume of the work done in the first two years of the project. | |||
| CHI+GI'87 Poster Session Papers and Abstracts | | BIB | 55-81 | |
| Aaron Marcus | |||
| User Interface Strategies for Large Maintenance Databases | | BIB | 56 | |
| Sai-Cheong Chu | |||
| Training Needs Assessment and Analysis of Management Information Systems for Naive Corporate Users: A Case Study | | BIB | 56-61 | |
| Michael D. Coovert | |||
| An Interference Theory Explanation of Retention Errors | | BIBA | 61-63 | |
| George Engelbeck; Peter G. Polson | |||
| We have extended Cognitive Complexity Theory (CCT) (Kieras and Polson, 1985)
to provide an explanation of why some production rules are remembered and
others are forgotten. The explanation is based on interference theory.
Inconsistent user interfaces force users to learn different operations to accomplish common user goals. Such inconsistent knowledge is represented as two or more rules with common conditions and different actions. Let A represent the common condition and C and D represent different actions. The rules can be described as A-B and A-C which conform to a classical interference paradigm. Sixty subjects were trained to perform seven utility tasks on a popular, stand-alone, menu-based word processor. Subjects were brought back one day after the training session for a retention test. The retention test involved retraining subjects on the same set of utility tasks. Production rule models were written for all tasks. Each rule represents a step in one of the seven tasks. The rules were classified as A-B, A-C, or C-D rules. C-D rules are rules with a unique condition and action. The rule that appeared more frequently was predicted to interfere with the retention of the less frequent version of the rule (Postman & Underwood, 1973). Each step can be associated with a rule, and the number of errors were tabulated for each rule type. The overall probability of an error was .076. The observed probability of an error was .56 for the four low-frequency A-C rules. Over half the errors observed in this study were made on these four steps. The probability of an error on a low-frequency C-D rule was .005. | |||
| Transfer between Similar Menu Systems | | BIB | 63-65 | |
| Peter W. Foltz; Susan E. Davies; Peter G. Polson; David Kieras | |||
| A User Needs Approach to Context-Sensitive Help | | BIB | 65-67 | |
| Sigrid Grimm; Jolanta Malicki; Susan Obermeyer | |||
| The Effects of Frequency and Length of Commands and Training Transfer on Text Editing Performance | | BIB | 67-69 | |
| Virginia A. L. Gunther; Alexis Grosofosky; Daniel J. Burns; David G. Payne | |||
| A Natural Language Shell | | BIB | 69 | |
| Manton M. Matthews | |||
| Exploratory Evaluations of Two Versions of a Foot-Operated Cursor-Positioning Device in a Target-Selection Task | | BIBA | 70-75 | |
| Glenn Pearson; Mark Weiser | |||
| An investigation is on-going concerning the use of feet instead of hands to perform workstation cursor-positioning and related functions. In the exploratory studies reported here, two versions of a particular foot-operated device, the swing mole, were assessed against a mouse in a base-line target-selection task. The task had some of the elements involved in text editing, but did not directly include keyboard entry. The study showed that novices can learn to select fairly small targets using a mole, while revealing shortcomings in the current mole design and suggesting directions for redesign. | |||
| A Task-Oriented Prototyping Tool | | BIB | 75-77 | |
| Carol A. Rossi; Thomas S. Tullis | |||
| Are You a Better "Mouser" or "Trackballer"? A Comparison of Cursor-Positioning Performance | | BIB | 77-81 | |
| Barbra Bied Sperling; Thomas S. Tullis | |||
| Subliminal Presentation of Help Screens on a Microcomputer | | BIB | 81 | |
| F. Layne Wallace; J. Michael Flanery | |||
| The Politics of Human Factors | | BIB | 82-84 | |
| Jey Flick | |||
| CHI+GI'87 Workshop on User Models | | BIB | 85-87 | |
| Gene Lynch; Jon Meads | |||
| INTERACT'87 2nd IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Poster Session Abstracts | | BIB | 11-26 | |
| Peter Orbeton | |||
| Information Retrieval: The User-Interface | | BIB | 12-13 | |
| F. M. T. Brazier; J. J. Beishuizen | |||
| Automatic Formal Verification of Digital Systems Using Prolog | | BIB | 13-14 | |
| Zmago Brezocnik; Bogomir Horvat | |||
| Dominie: A Domain Independent Instructional Environment for Computer-Based Procedural Skills (ESPRIT Project 1613) | | BIB | 14-15 | |
| P. Byerley; P. Brooks; M. Mhende; M. Elsom-Cook; F. Spensley; M. Federici; C. Scaroni | |||
| Colab: Next Generation Meetings | | BIB | 15-16 | |
| Gregg Foster | |||
| Knowledge System for Supporting Statistical Analysis | | BIB | 16-17 | |
| Andras Gabor; Gyula Barna | |||
| ALCOSY: A Desktop-Style User Interface for Process Control | | BIB | 17-18 | |
| Andreas M. Heinecke | |||
| TEXTVISION: A Software Tool to Visualize Conceptual Knowledge Using the HYPERTEXT Metaphor | | BIB | 18-21 | |
| Piet Kommers | |||
| The Use of Biofeedback to Reduce Strain at Visual Display Unit Systems | | BIB | 21-22 | |
| Kurt Landau; Claudia Leonhardt | |||
| Graphical Support for Accessing a Knowledge Base | | BIB | 22-23 | |
| Rainer Melchert | |||
| HITEXS: A Context-Sensitive Interface for Cooperative Human-Machine Fault Diagnosis; Building Operator Tools for NASA's Space Station Thermal Management System | | BIB | 24 | |
| Renate Roske-Hofstrand; Roger Remington | |||
| Tools for Interactive System Design | | BIB | 24-26 | |
| Hartmut Weule; Lukas Loffler | |||
| Hypertext'87, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 13-15 November 1987 | | BIB | 27-35 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| INTERACT'87, Stuttgart, West Germany, 1-4 September 1987 | | BIB | 36-42 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||