| Enhancing information scent: identifying and recommending quality tags | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 1-10 | |
| Shaoke Zhang; Umer Farooq; John M. Carroll | |||
| We describe a scenario of tag use and an empirical study of tags as
socio-cognitive artifacts providing information scent. We articulated a
three-step use scenario of tags, and used it to conceptualize tag "quality" as
determined by use. We designed and conducted a user study to explore what
attributes of tags and taggers predict the user-rated "quality" of tags. We
found that frequency best predicted tag quality, while information entropy
provided further refinement. We found that people rated our identified quality
tags as higher in quality than general tags. But these identified quality tags
were not perceived as better than self-generated tags. We derived a regression
model for tag quality and discussed implications for social computing. Keywords: quality tags, sense-making, social bookmarking | |||
| Improving personal privacy in social systems with people-tagging | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 11-20 | |
| Maryam Najafian Razavi; Lee Iverson | |||
| The recent emergence of social systems has transformed the Web from an
information pool to a platform for communication and social interaction. As
such, the issue of managing privacy of various types of user-created content in
these open environments has become more of a concern. Existing social systems
often define privacy either as a private/public dichotomy or in terms of a
"network of friends relationship, in which all friends" are created equal and
all relationships are reciprocal. We explore instead the idea of tagging people
to create ego-centric groups of dynamic, non-reciprocal relationships to
improve privacy management in this domain. In this paper, we introduce the
principles and motivations behind people-tagging, discuss constraints that make
people-tagging safe, trustable, and spam-free, describe a research
implementation we have created to experiment with the concept, and provide the
results of a preliminary empirical evaluation which shows the strength of the
idea and indicates areas for future enhancements. Keywords: information sharing, people-tagging, privacy, social systems | |||
| Analysis of tag within online social networks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 21-30 | |
| Chao Wu; Bo Zhou | |||
| In recent years, tagging systems have been paid increasing attentions from
both research communities and system designers. Most popular online social
networking sites harness tag for managing and locating contents, for organizing
and connecting users, and for recommending and sharing resources. We believe
that tag acts like bridge between people and resources. Research on tag and
tagging behavior will provide us insight about resource space and user
activities on the Internet. In this paper, we present a two-level analysis of
the tagging system of Del.icio.us. The results from both two levels confirm
each other. In network level, we connect tags by users collaborative tagging to
form a social network of tags. By investigating its network feature, we find
phenomena of small world and scale-free network. We also discover that the
links within this network have relatively strong semantic relatedness. In
individual level, users' tagging behaviors and patterns are observed by
visualizing their bookmarking history on Del.icio.us. Besides, we study the
linked users by their tags and find that users within a subscription network
share more common interests than random pairs of users. During the analysis, we
also discuss the implications of the findings for the design of tag-based
system. Keywords: del.icio.us, scale-free, semantic relatedness, small world, social
annotation, tag, visualization | |||
| Spreading the honey: a system for maintaining an online community | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 31-40 | |
| Rosta Farzan; Joan M. DiMicco; Beth Brownholtz | |||
| As online communities, such as social network sites, mature, they face
challenges in sustaining user engagement. To address this, we designed and
deployed a rating system to encourage a broad set of users to promote a diverse
set of content on a social network site. By evaluating the impact of the
promotions on the site's content and users over time, we found that the system
successfully promotes more diverse content and encourages new social
interactions between users. Keywords: online community, ratings, rewards, social networking | |||
| Contribution, commercialization & audience: understanding participation in an online creative community | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 41-50 | |
| Eric Cook; Stephanie D. Teasley; Mark S. Ackerman | |||
| This paper presents a qualitative study of attitudes towards participation
and contribution in an online creative community. The setting of the work is an
online community of practice focused on the use and development of a
user-customizable music software package called Reaktor. Findings from the
study highlight four emergent topics in the discourse related to user
contributions to the community: contribution assessment, support for learning,
perceptions of audience and tensions about commercialization. Our analysis of
these topics frames discussion about the value and challenges of attending to
amateur and professional users in online creative communities. Keywords: amateurs, audiences, commercialization, community of practice, creativity,
learning, online community, professionals, user-generated content | |||
| Wikipedians are born, not made: a study of power editors on Wikipedia | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 51-60 | |
| Katherine Panciera; Aaron Halfaker; Loren Terveen | |||
| Open content web sites depend on users to produce information of value.
Wikipedia is the largest and most well-known such site. Previous work has shown
that a small fraction of editors -- Wikipedians -- do most of the work and
produce most of the value. Other work has offered conjectures about how
Wikipedians differ from other editors and how Wikipedians change over time. We
quantify and test these conjectures. Our key findings include: Wikipedians'
edits last longer; Wikipedians invoke community norms more often to justify
their edits; on many dimensions of activity, Wikipedians start intensely, tail
off a little, then maintain a relatively high level of activity over the course
of their career. Finally, we show that the amount of work done by Wikipedians
and non-Wikipedians differs significantly from their very first day. Our
results suggest a design opportunity: customizing the initial user experience
to improve retention and channel new users' intense energy. Keywords: Wikipedia, collaboration, contribution, power editors, wiki | |||
| Effects of feedback and peer pressure on contributions to enterprise social media | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 61-70 | |
| Michael J. Brzozowski; Thomas Sandholm; Tad Hogg | |||
| Increasingly, large organizations are experimenting with internal social
media (e.g., blogs, forums) as a platform for widespread distributed
collaboration. Contributions to their counterparts outside the organization's
firewall are driven by attention from strangers, in addition to sharing among
friends. However, employees in a workplace under time pressures may be
reluctant to participate and the audience for their contributions is
comparatively smaller. Participation rates also vary widely from group to
group. So what influences people to contribute in this environment?
In this paper, we present the results of a year-long empirical study of internal social media participation at a large technology company, and analyze the impact attention, feedback, and managers' and coworkers' participation have on employees' behavior. We find feedback in the form of posted comments is highly correlated with a user's subsequent participation. Recent manager and coworker activity relate to users initiating or resuming participation in social media. These findings extend, to an aggregate level, the results from prior interviews about blogging at the company and offer design and policy implications for organizations seeking to encourage social media adoption. Keywords: attention, blogs, contributions, feedback, social media | |||
| Translating social support practices into online services for family caregivers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 71-80 | |
| Matthieu Tixier; Gérald Gaglio; Myriam Lewkowicz | |||
| The aim of our ongoing research project is to design a platform for family
caregivers to help them cope with the burden of daily caregiving. With a view
to designing relevant information and communication services, we analyzed the
social support practices observed among the members of a group of caregivers,
whose spouses were suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Based on interviews and
a field survey, we characterized this collective and identified the caregivers'
latent and expressed needs. Our approach consists in linking these needs to
naturally occurring situations in order to translate them into meaningful
functionalities. Keywords: caregivers' community, design, healthcare network, semi-directive
interviews, social support, support group | |||
| Cluestr: mobile social networking for enhanced group communication | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 81-90 | |
| Reto Grob; Michael Kuhn; Roger Wattenhofer; Martin Wirz | |||
| Recent technological advances foster the spreading of social software in the
mobile domain. Hence, future usage patterns of mobile devices will involve more
group interaction. While collaboration using mobile devices is an active area
of research, only limited attention has been paid to the efficient initiation
of group communication from mobile terminals. In this paper we present a
community-aware mechanism that allows to efficiently select contacts in order
to address them as a group. We have integrated the proposed method into a
proof-of-concept application, and present preliminary experiments that
demonstrate the accuracy of the approach and show significant time savings in
the group initialization process. Keywords: HCI, clustering, group initialization, mobile device, social network | |||
| Personalized retrieval in social bookmarking | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 91-94 | |
| Scott Bateman; Michael J. Muller; Jill Freyne | |||
| Users of social bookmarking systems take advantage of pivot browsing, an
interaction technique allowing them to easily refine lists of bookmarks through
the selection of filter terms. However, social bookmarking systems use
one-size-fits-all ranking metrics to order refined lists. These generic
rankings ignore past user interactions that may be useful in determining the
relevance of bookmarks. In this work we describe a personalized ordering
algorithm that leverages the fact that refinding, rather than discovery
(finding a bookmark for the first time), makes up the majority of bookmark
accesses. The algorithm examines user-access histories and promotes bookmarks
that a user has previously visited. We investigate the potential of our
algorithm using interaction logs from an enterprise social bookmarking system,
the results show that our personalized algorithm would lead to improved
bookmark rankings. Keywords: information retrieval, personalization, social bookmarking | |||
| When social networks cross boundaries: a case study of workplace use of facebook and linkedin | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 95-104 | |
| Meredith M. Skeels; Jonathan Grudin | |||
| The use of social networking software by professionals is increasing
dramatically. How it is used, whether it enhances or reduces productivity, and
how enterprise-friendly design and use might evolve are open questions. We
examine attitudes and behaviors in a large, technologically-savvy organization
through a broad survey and thirty focused interviews. We find extensive social
and work uses, with complex patterns that differ with software system and
networker age. Tensions arise when use spans social groups and the
organization's firewall. Although use is predominantly to support weak ties
whose contribution to productivity can be difficult to prove, we anticipate
rapid uptake of social networking technology by organizations. Keywords: enterprise, facebook, linkedin, social networking | |||
| Is Wikipedia growing a longer tail? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 105-114 | |
| Shyong (Tony) K. Lam; John Riedl | |||
| Wikipedia has millions of articles, many of which receive little attention.
One group of Wikipedians believes these obscure entries should be removed
because they are uninteresting and neglected; these are the deletionists. Other
Wikipedians disagree, arguing that this long tail of articles is precisely
Wikipedia's advantage over other encyclopedias; these are the inclusionists.
This paper looks at two overarching questions on the debate between
deletionists and inclusionists: (1) What are the implications to the long tail
of the evolving standards for article birth and death? (2) How is viewership
affected by the decreasing notability of articles in the long tail? The answers
to five detailed research questions that are inspired by these overarching
questions should help better frame this debate and provide insight into how
Wikipedia is evolving. Keywords: Wikipedia, collaboration, evolution, long tail | |||
| Two peers are better than one: aggregating peer reviews for computing assignments is surprisingly accurate | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 115-124 | |
| Ken Reily; Pam Ludford Finnerty; Loren Terveen | |||
| Scientific peer review, open source software development, wikis, and other
domains use distributed review to improve quality of created content by
providing feedback to the work's creator. Distributed review is used to assess
or improve the quality of a work (e.g., an article). However, it can also
provide learning benefits to the participants in the review process. We
developed an online review system for beginning computer programming students;
it gathers multiple anonymous peer reviews to give students feedback on their
programming work. We deployed the system in an introductory programming class
and evaluated it in a controlled study. We find that: peer reviews are accurate
compared to an accepted evaluation standard, that students prefer reviews from
other students with less experience than themselves, and that participating in
a peer review process results in better learning outcomes. Keywords: collaboration, education, peer review | |||
| The influence of boundary objects on group collaboration in construction project teams | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 125-128 | |
| Andreas F. Phelps; Madhu Reddy | |||
| This note outlines the critical role that boundary objects play in
construction project teams. In this domain, boundary objects extend beyond
their traditional role as information artifacts used to communicate between
teams to serve a more influential role as guides for team collaboration. Keywords: boundary objects, collaboration, construction teams | |||
| For a science of group interaction | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 129-138 | |
| Gerry Stahl | |||
| As a foundation for the design of groupware, we need a new science of group
interaction, a systematic description of the processes at the group level of
description that may contribute to problem solving, knowledge building and
other cognitive tasks undertaken by small groups collaborating synchronously
over networked computers. A scientific investigation of the knowledge-building
interactions of online teams involves explorations along multiple dimensions:
(a) designing a testbed to support interaction within teams, (b) analyzing how
interaction takes place within this setting and (c) describing how the teams
achieve their tasks. This paper discusses how a current CSCL project designed a
groupware environment in which this could take place and be studied; it reviews
how the project approached the rigorous study of what took place there; and it
reflects on the nature of group interaction as an object for a new science. Keywords: CSCL, CSCW, group cognition, group interaction | |||
| GroupMind: supporting idea generation through a collaborative mind-mapping tool | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 139-148 | |
| Patrick C. Shih; David H. Nguyen; Sen H. Hirano; David F. Redmiles; Gillian R. Hayes | |||
| Collaborative brainstorming can be a challenging but important part of
creative group problem solving. Mind-mapping has the potential to enhance the
brainstorming process but has its own challenges when used in a group. We
introduce GroupMind, a collaborative mind-mapping tool that addresses these
challenges and opens new opportunities for creative teamwork, including
brainstorming. We present a semi-controlled evaluation of GroupMind and its
impact on teamwork, problem solving and collaboration for brainstorming
activities. GroupMind performs better than using a traditional whiteboard in
both interaction group and nominal group settings for the task involving memory
recall. The hierarchical mind-map structure also imposes important framing
effects on group dynamics and idea organization during the brainstorming
process. We also present design ideas to assist in the development of future
tools to support creative problem solving in groups. Keywords: brainstorming, collocation, formal and informal structures, group dynamics,
large display, mind-mapping | |||
| Supporting transitions in work: informing large display application design by understanding whiteboard use | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 149-158 | |
| Anthony Tang; Joel Lanir; Saul Greenberg; Sidney Fels | |||
| In this paper, we explore the practice of using a whiteboard for multiple
tasks, and specifically how users employ whiteboards to smoothly transition
between related sets of tasks. Our study underscores several basic, but
important affordances of whiteboards that support this practice, including
visual persistence, flexibility of interaction primitives, and their situated
physicality. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of
large display applications. Keywords: large display groupware, reflexive cscw, whiteboard | |||
| Lazy scheduling of processing and transmission tasks in collaborative systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 159-168 | |
| Sasa Junuzovic; Prasun Dewan | |||
| A collaborative system must perform both processing and transmission tasks.
We present a policy for scheduling these tasks on a single core that is
inspired by studies of human perception and the real-time systems field. It
lazily delays the execution of the processing task if the delay cannot be
noticed by humans. We use simulations and formal analysis to compare this
policy with previous scheduling policies. We show that the policy trades-off an
unnoticeable degradation in performance of some users for a much larger
noticeable improvement in performance of others. Keywords: analytical model, collaboration architecture, local and remote response
times, scheduling policy, simulations | |||
| Usability heuristics for networked multiplayer games | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 169-178 | |
| David Pinelle; Nelson Wong; Tadeusz Stach; Carl Gutwin | |||
| Networked multiplayer games must support a much wider variety of
interactions than single-player games because networked games involve
communication and coordination between players. This means that designers must
consider additional usability issues that relate to group play -- but there are
currently no usability engineering methods that are specifically oriented
towards the needs of multiplayer games. To address this problem, we developed a
new set of usability heuristics, called Networked Game Heuristics (NGH), which
can be used in the design and evaluation of networked multiplayer games. The
new heuristics were identified by analyzing problem reports from 382 reviews of
networked PC games, covering six main genres. We aggregated problem reports
into ten problem categories (covering issues from session management to
cheating to training for novice players) and developed heuristics that describe
how these usability problems can be avoided. We tested the new heuristics by
having evaluators use them and an existing set to assess the usability of two
networked games. Evaluators found more usability problems with NGH, and stated
that the new heuristics were better for evaluating multiplayer game usability.
Our research is the first to present networked game heuristics that are derived
from real problem reports, and the first to evaluate the heuristics'
effectiveness in a realistic usability test. Keywords: NGH, game usability, heuristic evaluation, multiplayer games, networked game
heuristics, networked games, usability | |||
| Presence & placement: exploring the benefits of multiple shared displays on an intellective sensemaking task | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 179-188 | |
| Christopher Plaue; John Stasko | |||
| Relatively little is known about how the presence and location of multiple
shared displays changes the performance and dynamics of teams collaborating. We
conducted a case study evaluating several shared display configurations with
groups collaborating on a data-intensive, sense-making task. Teams completed
the same task using either a single display, side-by-side dual, or opposing
dual shared displays. The location of the second shared display significantly
impacted the ability for teams to make logical connections amongst the data.
Users were also significantly more satisfied with the collaboration process
using the side-by-side dual display condition than those using a single
display. Keywords: large displays, meeting spaces, multi-display environments | |||
| Supporting group decisions by mediating deliberation to improve information pooling | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 189-198 | |
| Joshua E. Introne | |||
| Group decision support systems (GDSS) hold significant potential for
improving decision making, but they have not been broadly adopted. One reason
for this is that these platforms introduce representational work for users that
is distinct from a more familiar deliberative interaction but they offer
uncertain payoff. This article presents a study with a platform that addresses
this problem by leveraging the argumentative structure of deliberative
conversation to drive a decision support algorithm. The platform uses argument
visualization to mediate the collaborators' conversation. The study
demonstrates that the platform addresses a known deficiency in human
information pooling called the common knowledge phenomenon. Keywords: collaborative argument visualization, group decision support | |||
| The dissemination of knowledge management | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 199-208 | |
| Hiroko N. Wilensky; David F. Redmiles; Norman Makoto Su | |||
| Our study on a community of knowledge management (KM) practitioners in the
aerospace industry reveals challenges in the dissemination of KM concepts and
tools. In this paper, we identify four reasons: (1) disparity of the
community's stated purpose and the actual motives of its members; (2)
multidisciplinary nature of KM; (3) unique characteristics of the aerospace
industry and its engineering culture and (4) adoption of preferred or
recommended solutions provided by chosen reference groups rather than a
grounded approach. In particular, we address the issues in promoting
recommended ideas and tools by chosen reference groups in work organizations
without fully understanding work practices. Keywords: aerospace industry, communities of practice, diffusion, knowledge
management, reference groups, work practice | |||
| Member behavior in company online communities | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 209-218 | |
| Vanessa Rood; Amy Bruckman | |||
| A growing number of corporations have created sites where customers talk to
one another. What kind of interaction takes place on these sites? In this
study, we interviewed eleven members of company online communities (COC). We
found that while users initially come to such sites looking for product
information, they often stay to socialize, and develop meaningful friendships
with other members (even turning to one-another for support in times of
personal tragedy). We present case studies of interaction on two sites for
Campbell's Soup, and for MINI Cooper car owners. We found that users are drawn
to these sites because the product's brand image attracts a group of
like-minded individuals. Adjectives used to describe the brand are also used to
describe site members. I.e., Campbell's is trusting and down-to earth; MINI is
fun-loving. Implications for website design are discussed. Keywords: brand, branding, company online communities, online brand community, online
communities | |||
| WaterCooler: exploring an organization through enterprise social media | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 219-228 | |
| Michael J. Brzozowski | |||
| As organizations scale up, their collective knowledge increases, and the
potential for serendipitous collaboration between members grows dramatically.
However, finding people with the right expertise or interests becomes much more
difficult. Semi-structured social media, such as blogs, forums, and
bookmarking, present a viable platform for collaboration-if enough people
participate, and if shared content is easily findable. Within the trusted
confines of an organization, users can trade anonymity for a rich identity that
carries information about their role, location, and position in its hierarchy.
This paper describes WaterCooler, a tool that aggregates shared internal social media and cross-references it with an organization's directory. We deployed WaterCooler in a large global enterprise and present the results of a preliminary user study. Despite the lack of complete social networking affordances, we find that WaterCooler changed users' perceptions of their workplace, made them feel more connected to each other and the company, and redistributed users' attention outside their own business groups. Keywords: attention, blogs, collaboration, organizational issues, social media | |||
| Exploring bilingual, task-oriented, document-centric chat | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 229-232 | |
| Hao Jiang; Kevin Singley | |||
| We study a new type of workplace communication made possible by the recent
advent of real-time bilingual chat tools. Because of the imperfect accuracy of
real-time text translation services, this type of communication imposes extreme
difficulties on user collaboration and task performance. The problems are
compounded by the narrow task awareness and communication bandwidth afforded by
standard chat. We report an exploratory study of users attempting to arrive at
a joint understanding of a document using a bilingual chat tool. We observed
many problems concerning the establishment of common ground and task
coordination. We derive design implications for an improved chat tool that
better supports the sharing of mental state and task coordination in this
communication environment. Keywords: instant messaging, workplace collaboration | |||
| I felt like a contributing member of the class: increasing class participation with ClassCommons | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 233-242 | |
| Honglu Du; Mary Beth Rosson; John M. Carroll; Craig Ganoe | |||
| In this paper we describe the design and first deployment experiences of a
platform-independent, interactive video commenting system, ClassCommons, using
a large public display in two sections of a large-enrollment university class.
Our preliminary evaluation suggests that students enjoyed the activity of
commenting, that they participated a great deal, and that their sense of
community was greater after using the system. Further analysis revealed that
reading the comments and posting relevant comments are associated with
increases in community members' sense of community. We discuss lessons learned
and describe further work we are planning using this and similar interactive
activities. Keywords: public display, sense of community, video commenting | |||
| How and why people Twitter: the role that micro-blogging plays in informal communication at work | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 243-252 | |
| Dejin Zhao; Mary Beth Rosson | |||
| Micro-blogs, a relatively new phenomenon, provide a new communication
channel for people to broadcast information that they likely would not share
otherwise using existing channels (e.g., email, phone, IM, or weblogs).
Micro-blogging has become popular quite quickly, raising its potential for
serving as a new informal communication medium at work, providing a variety of
impacts on collaborative work (e.g., enhancing information sharing, building
common ground, and sustaining a feeling of connectedness among colleagues).
This exploratory research project is aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding
of how and why people use Twitter -- a popular micro-blogging tool -- and
exploring micro-blog's potential impacts on informal communication at work. Keywords: Twitter, informal communication, micro-blog | |||
| Image, appearance and vanity in the use of media spaces and video conference systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 253-262 | |
| Jose Eurico de Vasconcelos Filho; Kori M. Inkpen; Mary Czerwinski | |||
| Media spaces and videoconference systems are beneficial for connecting
separated co-workers and providing rich contextual information. However, image
sharing communication tools may also touch on sensitive spots of the human
psyche related to personal, perceived image issues (e.g., appearance,
self-image, self-presentation and vanity). We conducted two user studies to
examine the impact of self-image concerns on the use of media spaces and
videoconference systems. Our results suggest that personal, perceived image
concerns have a considerable impact on the comfort level of users and may
hinder effective communication [8]. We also found that image filtering
techniques can help users feel more comfortable. Our results revealed that
distortion filters, which are frequently cited to help preserve privacy, do not
tend to be the ones preferred by users. Instead, users seemed to favor filters
that make subtle changes to their appearance, or, in some instances, they
preferred to use a surrogate instead. Keywords: appearance, image, image filter, media space, privacy, self presentation,
telepresence, vanity, videoconference | |||
| Grounding interpersonal privacy in mediated settings | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 263-272 | |
| Natalia A. Romero; Panos Markopoulos | |||
| Recent technologies supporting continuous connectivity enable sustained
awareness within social networks, which eventually boosts interaction and
therefore the need of individuals to manage their interpersonal privacy. This
paper introduces the Privacy Grounding Model that describes how people develop
and use mechanisms to establish a shared understanding of their intentions to
interact with others. The main design implication of this model is the need for
lightweight interactive mechanisms by which individuals can collaboratively
ground needs for interaction. To illustrate how the model supports the design
of grounding mechanisms, we present examples and discuss a case study that
informs about their use during several weeks. Keywords: ambiguity, coordination, interpersonal privacy, mediated communication,
social communication | |||
| CIVIL: support geo-collaboration with information visualization | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 273-276 | |
| Anna Wu; Xiaolong Zhang; Gregorio Convertino; John M. Carroll | |||
| Teams of specialized experts, such as emergency management planning teams,
while making decisions need to efficiently pool domain-specific knowledge,
synthesize relevant information, and keep track of collaborators activities at
a low interaction cost. This requires tools that allow monitoring both
low-level information (e.g., individual actions and external events) and
higher-order activities (e.g., how members contribute to groupwork). This paper
presents design of CIVIL, a system prototype developed to support map-based
decision-making. We report our empirical evaluation of the effects of
visualizations on the decision process and the final product. Keywords: cscw, decision support, geo-collaboration, multiple-view | |||
| Collaborative feed reading in a community | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 277-280 | |
| Netta Aizenbud-Reshef; Ido Guy; Michal Jacovi | |||
| Feed readers have emerged as one of the salient applications that
characterize Web 2.0. Lately, some of the available readers introduced social
features, analogously to other Web 2.0 applications, such as recommendations
and tagging. Yet, most of the readers lack collaborative features, such as the
ability to share feeds in a community or divide the reading task among
community members. In this paper we describe CoffeeReader, a web-based feed
reader, which combines social and collaborative features, and is deployed in a
small community within our company. CoffeeReader provides awareness of other
users' feed lists and read status; it enables information sharing such as tags
and recommendations; and aims to support coordination of filtering through
feeds to locate important items. We compare these group collaboration features
of CoffeeReader with emerging features in publicly available feed readers;
present the outcomes of using CoffeeReader within our community; and discuss
our findings and their implications on making feed readers more collaborative. Keywords: collaboration, feed aggregator, feed reader, rss reader, social media,
social software | |||
| All My People Right Here, Right Now: management of group co-presence on a social networking site | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 281-290 | |
| Airi Lampinen; Sakari Tamminen; Antti Oulasvirta | |||
| A mundane but theoretically interesting and practically relevant situation
presents itself on social networking sites: the co-presence of multiple groups
important to an individual. This primarily qualitative study concentrates on
the point of view of individual SNS users and their perspectives on multiple
group affiliations. After charting the perceived multiplicity of groups on the
social networking site Facebook, we investigated the relevance of multiple
groups to the users and the effect of group co-presence on psychological
identification processes. Users deal with group co-presence by managing the
situation to prevent anticipated conflictive and identity-threatening
situations. Their behavioral strategies consist of dividing the platform into
separate spaces, using suitable channels of communication, and performing
self-censorship. Mental strategies include both the creation of more inclusive
in-group identities and the reciprocity of trusting other users and being
responsible. In addition to giving further evidence of the existence of group
co-presence on SNSs, the study sheds light on the management of the phenomenon.
Management of group co-presence should be supported, since otherwise users may
feel the urge to resort to defensive strategies of social identity protection
such as ceasing to use SNSs altogether or, less dramatically, limit their use
according to "the least common denominator". Hence, the phenomenon merits the
attention of researchers, developers, and designers alike. Keywords: computer-mediated communication, group co-presence, groups, social
networking, social networking site | |||
| Locating patient expertise in everyday life | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 291-300 | |
| Andrea Civan; David W. McDonald; Kenton T. Unruh; Wanda Pratt | |||
| Coping with a new health issue often requires individuals to acquire
knowledge and skills to manage personal health. Many patients turn to one
another for experiential expertise outside the formal bounds of the health-care
system. Internet-based social software can facilitate expertise sharing among
patients, but provides only limited ways for users to locate sources of patient
expertise. Although much prior research has investigated expertise location and
systems to augment expertise sharing in workplace organizations, the
transferability of this knowledge to other contexts, such as personal health,
is unclear. Guided by expertise locating frameworks drawn from prior work, we
conducted a field study to investigate expertise locating in the informal and
everyday context of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Similarities between
patients' expertise locating practices and practices of professionals in
workplace organizations suggest similar support strategies could apply in both
contexts. However, unlike professionals, unsolicited advice often triggered
patients to locate expertise. They identified expertise through various forms
of gatekeeping. The high-stakes nature of problems patients faced also led them
to use triangulation strategies in anticipation of breakdowns in expertise
location. Based on these key differences, we explored five design additions to
social software that could support patients in their critical need to locate
patient expertise. Keywords: expertise location, expertise sharing, patient expertise | |||
| Information handover in time-critical work | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 301-310 | |
| Aleksandra Sarcevic; Randall S. Burd | |||
| Information transfer under time pressure and stress often leads to
information loss. This paper studies the characteristics and problems of
information handover from the emergency medical services (EMS) crew to the
trauma team when a critically injured patient arrives to the trauma bay. We
consider the characteristics of the handover process and the subsequent use of
transferred information. Our goal is to support the design of technology for
information transfer by identifying specific challenges faced by EMS crews and
trauma teams during handover. Data were drawn from observation and video
recording of 18 trauma resuscitations. The study shows how EMS crews report
information from the field and the types of information that they include in
their reports. Particular problems occur when reports lack structure,
continuity, and complete descriptions of treatments given en route. We also
found that trauma team members have problems retaining reported information.
They pay attention to the items needed for immediately treating the patient and
inquire about other items when needed during the resuscitation. The paper
identifies a set of design challenges that arise during information transfer
under time pressure and stress, and discusses characteristics of potential
technological solutions. Keywords: communication, healthcare, information handover, teamwork, time-critical
work, traumatic injury | |||
| Toward technologies that support family reflections on health | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 311-320 | |
| Andrea Grimes; Desney Tan; Dan Morris | |||
| Previous research has explored how technology can motivate healthy living in
social groups such as friends and coworkers. However, little research has
focused on the implications of collecting, sharing, and reflecting upon health
information within families. To explore this domain, we conducted a study that
consisted of a week-long journaling activity followed by semi-structured
interviews and formative design activities with 15 families (66 people). We
identified four areas in which these practices are unique in a family context.
Based on these findings we propose preliminary considerations for technologies
that effectively support family reflections on health data. Keywords: exercise, family, health, information sharing, lifestyle, nutrition | |||
| Implementing new ways of working: interventions and their effect on the use of an electronic medication record | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 321-330 | |
| Maren Sander Granlien; Morten Hertzum | |||
| Successful deployment of information technology (IT) involves implementation
of new ways of working. Under-recognition of this organizational element of
implementation entails considerable risk of not attaining the benefits that
motivated deployment, yet knowledge of how to work systematically with
organizational implementation is sparse. This study investigates a set of
interventions undertaken to implement one mandated procedure associated with an
electronic medication record, namely that all information about medication is
recorded in the system. Medical record audits show that the interventions,
which were devised and performed as part of the study, significantly lowered
the number of records that violated the procedure. This positive effect was,
however, not achieved until multiple interventions had been employed, and there
is some indication that the effect may be wearing off after the interventions
have ended. We discuss the implications of these results for efforts to work
systematically with the organizational implementation of IT systems. Keywords: adoption, diffusion, electronic medication record, healthcare,
organizational implementation | |||
| Musical fingerprints: collaboration around home media collections | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 331-340 | |
| Robin Sease; David W. McDonald | |||
| As people collect more and more digital music, photos, and video, the
growing scale of the collection challenges how families share and collaborate
around home media collections. We studied the intersection between physical and
digital media collections. Through 20 two hour, in home interviews, we explored
the when, why, and how of the households' organization, access and sharing. Our
grounded approach is framed through the use of the media lifecycle and the
spectrum of intimacy of the collector and others involved in the stages of the
lifecycle. We found a range of accommodations to facilitate collaboration
around media collections in the home. For example, media collections often
begin with an individual, but as they become shared and integrated into a
household, a member of the household will often play a key curatorial role that
includes making changes to the organizational scheme, setting aside
sub-collections and selecting items to play that account for the entire
household's taste. Our findings identify key practices that can inform the
design of future media software for the home. Keywords: media collection, media management, music sharing | |||
| Emergent team coordination: from fire emergency response practice to a non-mimetic simulation game | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 341-350 | |
| Zachary O. Toups; Andruid Kerne; William Hamilton; Alan Blevins | |||
| We take the work practices of fire emergency responders as the basis for
developing simulations to teach team coordination. We introduce non-mimetic
simulation: economic operational environments that represent human-centered
components of practice, such as team structures and information flows, without
mimicking concrete aspects of an environment. Emergent team coordination
phenomena validate the non-mimetic simulation of fire emergency response.
We develop non-mimetic simulation principles through a game, focusing engagement on information distribution, roles, and the need for decisive real time action, while omitting concrete aspects. We describe the game design in detail, including rationale for design iterations. We take the non-mimetic simulation game design to participants for a series of play sessions, investigating how forms of information distribution affect game play. Participants coordinate as a team and, although they are not firefighters, begin to work together in ways that substantively reflect firefighting team coordination practice. Keywords: emergency response, games, non-mimetic simulation, team coordination, work
practice | |||
| Probing the potential of non-verbal group communication | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 351-360 | |
| Petra Sundström; Tove Jaensson; Kristina Höök; Alina Pommeranz | |||
| Designing for non-verbal communication using e.g. gestures and other bodily
expressions is difficult. Hardware and software need to be co-designed and
harmonize in order to not throw users out of their embodied experience. We aim
to design for kinaesthetic expressions of emotion in communication between
friends -- in this case, colleagues at work. A probe was built using sensor
node technology designed to let users express themselves and their emotional
state to a public and shared display where the expressions together formed a
collective art piece expressing the individuals but also the group as a whole.
Two groups of colleagues used the probe during two weeks. It came to serve as a
channel in which some conflicts and expressions of social relations were acted
out which were not openly discussed in the office. It exposed different roles
and balances in relationships in the group. Finally, the probe taught us the
importance of balancing the design for joint group expression and individual,
personal expressions. The study also allowed the participants to experience the
sensor node-'material' -- enabling a participatory design process. Keywords: autobiographical design, friends at work, richer expressiveness, technology
probe | |||
| A view from Mount Olympus: the impact of activity tracking tools on the character and practice of moderation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 361-370 | |
| David Gurzick; Kevin F. White; Wayne G. Lutters; Lee Boot | |||
| Moderation within online communities is critical. Though many guidelines are
available that describe the goals of successful moderation, these often
minimize the complex interplay that exists between tools and practices of
moderators. This study investigates the role of moderation through the lens of
the moderators in a nascent online community for adolescents. Based on an
analysis of their activities, three classes of emergent behavior were uncovered
when exploring how the available tools impacted the way moderator work was
performed. The findings reveal a need for design considerations that take into
account the appropriateness of match between the tools and work processes from
a moderator perspective. Keywords: adolescents, awareness, design, moderation, online communities,
sociotechnical systems, tools | |||
| Motivated by information: information about online collective action as an incentive for participation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 371-372 | |
| Judd Antin | |||
| This paper describes research focused on understanding the relationships
between operational knowledge about how online collective action systems work
and participation in those systems. Specifically, I use qualitative interviews
to examine knowledge about online systems that form public goods, questioning
whether the notions of public goods and social dilemmas are relevant and
meaningful for individuals making real-world participation decisions. This
paper also describes concurrent experimental research focused on exploring the
relationship between knowledge about one's own and others' competence to
contribute to collective goals as a factor in participation decisions. Keywords: collective action, competence, economics, incentives, motivation,
operational knowledge, public goods, social dilemmas, social psychology | |||
| Open innovation and the solver community | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 373-374 | |
| Margarida Cardoso; Isabel Ramos | |||
| This paper introduces a doctoral research on open innovation solver's
behavior and group factors inducing it. The research is now finishing its first
year and exploratory strategies are developed close to open innovation online
communities, to prepare a systematic methodological approach.
Research seeks to understand how solver's patterns of communication and group behavior influence their participation in an open innovation community, through collaborative IT platforms -- and how it weights on their innovation production. A second question is about critical factors that influence solvers' participation, due to the present global economical crisis. By designing a model of the solver's group of belonging characteristics and reflecting that on a collaborative platform's functionalities, the project intends to present some propositions to ease participation in crowdsourcing innovation processes -- through an online platform being designed and developed at University of Minho. Keywords: crisis, crowdsourcing innovation, online communities, solvers | |||
| Validation of an inventory of social connectedness | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 375-376 | |
| Amy L. Gonzales | |||
| Digital technologies are often designed to enhance a sense of social
connection between users across physical space. Currently no quantitative scale
has been validated to determine how effective a tool is in establishing social
connection. This proposal outlines 3 studies designed to rigorously validate a
scale of social connection in mediated spaces. To do this, a 24-item scale was
developed and tested. In Study 1 the scale was given to 177 people to establish
internal and convergent validity. Preliminary analyses suggests good overall
internal reliability and convergent validity. Future studies intend to
establish predictive validity across systems (Study 2) and within a single
system (Study 3). The inventory should prove useful for tests of usability and
theory. In the last section I describe its role in my dissertation. Keywords: awareness, presence, scale validation, social connectedness | |||
| COVE: a visual environment for multidisciplinary science collaboration | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 377-378 | |
| Keith Grochow | |||
| New technologies and approaches are transforming how we carry out and
communicate science. In oceanography, large multidisciplinary teams are
developing deep-water ocean observatories of unprecedented scale. These
observatories will allow hundreds of scientists from disparate fields to
conduct experiments together, provide real-time sensor and data access through
the Internet, and create a vast archive of data. My work explores some of the
challenges of creating collaborative tools to support this new science. Working
together with a team of scientists, I designed and deployed the Collaborative
Ocean Visualization Environment (COVE) to bring together the data, processes
and people on the team. I then carried out three field evaluations of COVE: a
multi-month deployment with the scientists, engineers, and graphics staff of
the observatory design team, and two different two-week deployments as the
primary planning and collaboration platform for expeditionary cruises to map
observatory node sites and geothermal sites. Based on these experiences and
insight gained in these deployments, I explore the needs of interactive tools
to support the work of large multidisciplinary ocean science teams. Keywords: collaboration, e-science, visualization | |||
| Automated discovery of social networks in text-based online communities | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 379-380 | |
| Anatoliy Gruzd | |||
| As a way to gain greater insights into the operation of online communities,
this dissertation applies automated text mining techniques to text-based
communication to identify, describe and evaluate underlying social networks
among online community members. The main thrust of the study is to find a way
to use computers to discover social ties that form between community members
just from the digital footprints left behind in their online forum postings
automatically. As part of this work, a web-based system for content and network
analysis called the Internet Community Text Analyzer (ICTA) is being developed.
A prototype of ICTA is available at http://textanalytics.net. Keywords: e-learning, network visualization, online communities, social network
analysis, text mining | |||
| Towards a better understanding of group forking dynamics in virtual contexts | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 381-382 | |
| Qing Li | |||
| "Group Fork" is defined as more than two group members leave their parent
organization and start a new group. While group fork is a common social
phenomenon in any type of group, it is still understudied in virtual contexts.
Drawing upon the literature from three fields, religious research, social
psychology and organization studies, this study attempts to bridge this gap by
answering two questions, "what causes group fork?" and how is individual
dissatisfaction transformed into group-level dissatisfaction in virtual
contexts, thus leading to the eventual fork? Free/Libre Open Source Software
(FLOSS) projects will be used as examples of self-organizing virtual work, as
they provide a good context to observe the whole process of how group
interactions are intertwined toward to the eventual fork. A multi-stage
research strategy is conducted in this study and preliminary findings will be
reported. Keywords: floss, group fork, open source, schism, turnover | |||
| Supporting and transforming leadership in online creative collaboration | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 383-384 | |
| Kurt Luther | |||
| Behind every successful online creative collaboration, from Wikipedia to
Linux, is at least one effective project leader. Yet, we know little about what
such leaders do and how technology supports or inhibits their work. My thesis
investigates leadership in online creative collaboration, focusing on the novel
context of animated movie-making. I first conducted an empirical study of
existing leadership practices in this context. I am now designing a Web-based
collaborative system, Sandbox, to understand the impact of technological
support for centralized versus decentralized leadership in this context. My
expected contributions include a comparative investigation of the effects of
different types of leadership on online creative collaboration, and a set of
empirically validated design principles for supporting leadership in online
creative collaboration. Keywords: animation, leadership, online creative collaboration | |||
| Exploring the use of Wikis for information sharing in interdisciplinary design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 385-386 | |
| Ammy Jiranida Phuwanartnurak | |||
| Interdisciplinary design is challenging, in large measure, because of the
difficulty in communicating and coordinating across disciplines. Many tools
have been developed and used to support information sharing in design, and the
use of WWW technology is becoming increasingly important for the sharing of
information. Wikis, in particular, have been claimed to support collaboration
and information sharing. The backing for this claim, however, has not been
rigorously assessed and to date few empirical studies have appeared in the
literature. For my dissertation, I am conducting a field study of
interdisciplinary design projects, seeking to discover how wikis enable
information sharing in software development projects. The research findings
will expand our understanding of information sharing behavior of design
professionals. It will also provide empirical evidence on the use of wikis in
design work, which will be used to develop guidelines on the effective use of
wikis to support design collaboration. Keywords: Wikis, information sharing, interdisciplinary design | |||
| Temporal patterns of communication: media combos | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 387-388 | |
| Norman Makoto Su | |||
| Today's employees are expected to be adept at the usage of multiple
communication mediums. With secretaries now regarded as a frivolous luxury,
people have essentially become professional "secretaries" of their own
interactions. A large body of research in the HCI and CSCW literature has
examined how information workers have appropriated certain communication
mediums in order to accomplish work. However, how people must combine and
integrate a multitude of media adroitly throughout a limited workday
(approximately 8 hours) has been relatively ignored. Namely, I propose to
examine through a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques the
temporal and sequential interdependence of different kinds of media. I will
examine how/why such media combos arise and their psychological affects in the
workplace. Keywords: communication, computer-mediated communication, media combos, temporal
analysis, workplace | |||
| Expressing territoriality in collaborative activity | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 389-390 | |
| Jennifer Thom-Santelli | |||
| Territoriality, the expression of ownership towards an object, can emerge
when social actors occupy a shared social space. In my research, I extend the
study of territoriality beyond previous work in physical space in two key ways:
1) the object in question is virtual and 2) the social context is an online
community engaged in collaborative activity. To do this, I observe the
emergence of characteristic territorial behaviors (e.g. marking, control,
defense) within collaborative authoring and social tagging. My dissertation
then uses these observations to construct a theoretical framework for online
territoriality to provide researchers and designers of groupware with
guidelines with which to encourage ownership expression when appropriate. Keywords: collaborative authoring, ownership, social tagging, territoriality | |||
| Creativity support in IT research organization | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 391-392 | |
| Priyamvada Tripathi | |||
| All domains of human activity and society require creativity. This
dissertation applies machine learning and data mining techniques to create a
framework for applying emerging Human Centric Computing (HCC) systems for study
and creation of creativity support tools. The proposed system collects and
analyzes high-resolution on-line and physically captured contextual and social
data to substantially contribute to new and better understandings of workplace
behavior, social and affective experience, and creative activities. Using this
high granularity data, dynamic instruments that use real-time sensing and
inference algorithms to provide guidance and support on events and processes
related to affect and creativity will be developed and evaluated. In the long
term, it is expected that this approach will lead to adaptive reflective
technologies that stimulate collaborative activity, reduce time pressure and
interruption, mitigate detrimental effects of negative affect, and increase
individual and team creative activity and outcomes. Keywords: affect and creativity, creative ubiquitous environments, creativeit,
creativity support tools, cscw, human social network, hybrid methodologies | |||
| Cross-organizational information reuse: a third vision of collaborative memory in the enterprise | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 393-394 | |
| Kevin F. White | |||
| Small organizations are facing a knowledge predicament as they operate with
increasingly sparse pools of employees that must support a broad range of
organizational needs. With reduced human resources comes limited time to devote
to ancillary work tasks such as documentation. When no local memory system is
available, organizations resort to Internet-based repositories. Though these
sources contain nearly limitless information they do so at the cost of rich
local context.
To bridge the gap between internal and Internet-based memory systems this research explores a third vision; one which establishes virtual partnerships between small organizations. Using ethnographic methods this field study examines the: socio-technical ramifications of cross-organizational information reuse, relevance of information developed by partner organizations, and system tools that support efficient cross-organizational knowledge flow. Keywords: cross-organizational, knowledge management, organizational memory, reuse,
socio-technical | |||
| Supporting collaborative sensemaking in map-based emergency management and planning | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 395-396 | |
| Anna Wu; Xiaolong Zhang | |||
| Emergency management and planning often involves multiple domain experts
with diverse knowledge backgrounds and responsibilities. Current practices in
emergency management and planning have not leveraged the state-of-art
technologies in information sharing, synthesis, and analysis. The proposed
research will investigate the process of collaborative sensemaking in emergency
planning and implement a map-based online system to support this process. Keywords: collaborative sensemaking, geo-collaboration, supportive system | |||
| Social performances: understanding the motivations for online participatory behavior | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 397-398 | |
| Jude Yew | |||
| "Open contribution systems" (OCS) are online applications that encourage
users to contribute and share content in a "public" and open manner. While
these systems lower the barriers to participating, what is less clear is why
users are motivated to contribute time and effort in these online environments
with relative strangers. My dissertation proposes that one way to explain high
levels of participation on OCS is to use the lens of social performances. This
lens suggests that individual participation on social software websites
involves elements of both individual and collective performative behavior. The
social performance framework suggests that the participatory behavior is part
of a larger sensemaking exercise that rationalizes and aligns individual
contributions to the collective effort. The view here is that OCS and its users
are part of a socio-technical ecology and are mutually dependent on each other.
Understanding participation as a form of social performance can enable us to
better design systems that encourage participation, collaboration and sharing. Keywords: creative commons, motivations, open contribution systems, participation,
social network analysis | |||