topauthor: Midden_C* : Human-Computer Interaction Bibliography Search

[1] Persuasive Technology Based on Bodily Comfort Experiences: The Effect of Color Temperature of Room Lighting on User Motivation to Change Room Temperature Empowering Individuals / Lu, Shengnan / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2015-06-03 p.83-94

Keywords: Ambient persuasive technology; Sustainability; Comfort experiences; Lighting; Color temperature

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Summary: In this paper we propose a new perspective on persuasive technology: Comfort-Experience-Based Persuasive Technology. We argue that comfort experiences have a dominant influence on people's (energy consumption) behavior. In the current research, we argue that room lighting can influence heating-related comfort experiences (by emitting a 'warm' versus 'cold' lighting color temperature). Two studies were conducted to investigate the effect of lighting color temperature on participants' perceptions of room lighting temperature and their estimations of room temperature, their experiences of the comfort related to room lighting temperature and related to room temperature, and also their motivation to change room temperature settings and participants' temperature-setting behavior. Results indicated that lighting color temperature can influence a user's perception of the temperature in the room, and can also motivate the user to change room temperature. This research revealed that using persuasive strategies that targets user comfort experiences could help users decrease their energy consumption.

[2] Does Trigger Location Matter? The Influence of Localization and Motivation on the Persuasiveness of Mobile Purchase Recommendations Empowering Individuals / Basten, Frank / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees / Gamberini, Luciano / Spagnolli, Anna Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2015-06-03 p.121-132

Keywords: Persuasive technology; Fogg behavior model; Triggers; Motivation; Location-based; Virtual supermarket

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Summary: Thanks to the ubiquity of wireless network, location has become an easily available resource to exploit when sending purchase recommendations. We rely on Fogg's Behavior model (FBM; Fogg, 2009) and on previous research to study whether the appearance of such recommendations when the user spatially approaches a target item improves the recommendation persuasiveness. We created a virtual supermarket, where products images are displayed on posters and customers can scan products' QR codes with a tablet to buy them. The persuasiveness of triggers co-located or not with the target product was examined, in conditions of high vs. poor motivation to purchase that product. Confirming our hypotheses, triggers co-located with the target product lead to higher sales of that product. Furthermore, participants who received a co-located trigger that also contained a motivating message purchased more items than participants in other conditions. Therefore, setting triggers to appear at a specific location proximal to the target item can change behavior, especially for motivated subjects.

[3] Conforming to an Artificial Majority: Persuasive Effects of a Group of Artificial Agents Empowering Communities / Midden, Cees / Ham, Jaap / Baten, Joey Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2015-06-03 p.229-240

Keywords: Conformity; Artificial agent; artificial majority; persuasive technology; Persuasive agents; Groups of artificial agents

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Summary: In this paper we propose a new perspective on persuasive technology: Persuasive effects of a group of artificial agents. We argue that while effects of single social agents have been corroborated, understanding of persuasion by multiple agents in a group setting is very limited. In the current research, we argue that conformity effects could occur not only with human majorities, but also with artificial majorities consisting of smart agents or computers. Two studies were conducted to investigate the conformity effect of group pressure on participants' comparative judgments of lengths of lines, based on the classic Asch paradigm. Group pressure by human majorities was compared with pressure by majorities of boxed PC's and of artificial virtual agents. Results indicated that normative pressure is limited to human majorities, while informational pressure can also be exerted by artificial majorities. This research revealed that applying majorities of artificial agents opens up a new domain of persuasive technology.

[4] The Power of Negative Feedback from an Artificial Agent to Promote Energy Saving Behavior Emotional and Persuasion Design / Midden, Cees / Ham, Jaap DUXU 2014: Third International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability, Part IV: User Experience Design Practice 2014-06-22 v.4 p.328-338

Keywords: Persuasive technology; artificial social agents; social evaluation; sustainability

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Summary: In this paper we analyze the role of negative feedback as provided by artificial agents. We examine the hypothesis that negative feedback offers substantial potential to enhance persuasive interventions aimed to change behavior. This hypothesis is tested based on a review of several studies using the same experimental paradigm that includes a virtual washing machine, in which users have to make choices how to program the washing machine. The studies show how the provision of positive and negative feedback influences these choices under various experimental conditions. Results show that negative feedback can be more effective than positive feedback, also independent of the presence of positive feedback. Negative feedback is in particular effective when the feedback is social instead of factual. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that the effect of negative feedback is enhanced under conditions of task similarity, which stimulate using the feedback for performance improvement. Finally, we show that negative feedback is superior to positive feedback under multiple goals conditions.

[5] Using Ambient Lighting in Persuasive Communication: The Role of Pre-existing Color Associations / Lu, Shengnan / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2014-05-21 p.167-178

Keywords: Ambient persuasive technology; Ambient lighting; Color association; Color perception

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Summary: Earlier research indicated that ambient persuasive lighting can have persuasive effects on energy-efficiency behavior. However, why would this kind of ambient feedback be effective? The current research investigated the influence of the strength of associations (of colors used for giving feedback) on the effectiveness of ambient feedback. Two color sets were chosen from a pre-test to represent strongly- and weakly-associated with energy consumption, i.e. red versus green and yellow vs. purple, respectively. Results indicated that lighting feedback that was strongly associated with energy consumption had stronger persuasive effects than weakly-associated lighting feedback. Moreover, participants who received weakly-associated feedback needed more time to program the thermostat when performing the additional cognitive task (as compared to participants without additional task), while this difference was not found in strongly-associated feedback condition. This research reveals that the persuasive potential of ambient persuasive lighting can be enhanced by making use of pre-existing color associations.

[6] Investigating the Influence of Social Exclusion on Persuasion by a Virtual Agent / Ruijten, Peter A. M. / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2014-05-21 p.191-200

Keywords: Social exclusion; Social influence; Virtual agent

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: Persuasive agents may function as a tool to induce changes in human behavior. Research has shown that human-likeness of such agents influences their effectiveness. Besides characteristics of the agent, other characteristics may also have strong influences on persuasive agents' effectiveness. One such characteristic is social exclusion. When people feel socially excluded, they are more sensitive to social influence. In two studies, we investigated this effect in a human-agent interaction. Results show stronger behavior changes for socially exclusion compared to social inclusion. This effect seems stronger for females than for males.

[7] Introducing a rasch-type anthropomorphism scale HRI2014 late breaking reports poster / Ruijten, Peter A. M. / Bouten, Diane H. L. / Rouschop, Dana C. J. / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction 2014-03-03 p.280-281

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: In human-robot interaction research, much attention is given to the extent to which people perceive humanlike attributes in robots. Generally, the concept anthropomorphism is used to describe this process. Anthropomorphism is defined in different ways, with much focus on either typical human attributes or uniquely human attributes. This difference has caused different measurement tools to be developed. We argue that anthropomorphism can best be described as a continuum ranging from low to high human likeness, and should be measured accordingly. We found that anthropomorphic characteristics can be invariantly ordered according to the ease with which these can be ascribed to robots.

[8] I Didn't Know That Virtual Agent Was Angry at Me: Investigating Effects of Gaze Direction on Emotion Recognition and Evaluation / Ruijten, Peter A. M. / Midden, Cees J. H. / Ham, Jaap Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2013-04-03 p.192-197

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Summary: Previous research has shown a link between gazing behavior and type of emotion felt. It appears that approach-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with a direct gaze, whereas avoidance-oriented emotions are better perceived in combination with an averted gaze. In this study, we investigate whether this effect can be applied to persuasive social agents. We hypothesized that an approach-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with a direct gaze, whereas an avoidance-oriented emotion is more credible when combined with an averted gaze. This was tested with both an implicit categorization task and an explicit evaluation. The hypothesis was supported for angry expressions, but not for sad ones. Implications for further research and the design of effective persuasive agents are discussed.

[9] Trusting Digital Chameleons: The Effect of Mimicry by a Virtual Social Agent on User Trust / Verberne, Frank M. F. / Ham, Jaap / Ponnada, Aditya / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2013-04-03 p.234-245

Keywords: liking; trust; virtual agent; investment game; route planner game

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Summary: Earlier research suggested that mimicry increases liking and trust in other people. Because people respond socially to technology and mimicry leads to increased liking of virtual agents, we expected that a mimicking virtual agent would be liked and trusted more than a non-mimicking one. We investigated this expectation in an automotive setting. We performed an experiment in which participants played an investment game and a route planner game, to measure their behavioral trust in two virtual agents. These agents either mimicked participant's head movements or not. Liking and trust of these virtual agents were measured with questionnaires. Results suggested that for the investment game, mimicry did not increase liking or trust. For the route planner game however, a mimicking virtual agent was liked and trusted more than a non-mimicking virtual agent. These results suggest that mimicry could be a useful tool to persuade users to trust a virtual agent.

[10] The Illusion of Agency: The Influence of the Agency of an Artificial Agent on Its Persuasive Power / Midden, Cees J. H. / Ham, Jaap Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2012-06-06 p.90-99

Keywords: Persuasive Technology; Agency; Social Robotics; Persuasive Power

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Summary: Artificial social agents can influence people. However, artificial social agents are not real humans, and people may ascribe less agency to them. Would the persuasive power of a social robot diminish when people ascribe only little agency to it? To investigate this question, we performed an experiment in which participants performed tasks on a washing machine and received feedback from a robot about their energy consumption (e.g., "Your energy consumption is too high"), or factual, non-social feedback. This robot was introduced to participants as (a) an avatar (that was controlled a human in all its feedback actions; high agency), or as (b) an autonomous robot (that controlled its own feedback actions; moderate agency), or as (c) a robot that produced only random feedback; low agency). Results indicated that participants consumed less energy when a robotic social agent gave them feedback than when they received non-social feedback. This behavioral effect was independent of the level of robotic agency. In contrast, a perceived agency measure indicated that the random feedback robot was ascribed the lowest agency rating. These results suggest that the persuasive power of robot behavior is independent of the extent to which the persuadee explicitly ascribes agency to the agent.

[11] Persuasive power in groups: the influence of group feedback and individual comparison feedback on energy consumption behavior / Midden, Cees / Kimura, Hiroaki / Ham, Jaap / Nakajima, Tatsuo / Kleppe, Mieke Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2011-06-02 p.1

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Summary: In this paper we argue that energy conservation is largely a group phenomenon requiring group interventions to achieve change. Persuasive technology can help to provide these interventions. The present study explores the influence of group feedback and individual comparative feedback on energy consumption using an experimental simulation paradigm. To account for cultural differences in group orientation and the power of group feedback, two studies were conducted, one in the Netherlands and one in Japan, in which groups of participants received feedback on everyday tasks. As expected, Dutch participants saved more energy when individual comparison feedback was present, but not the Japanese participants. In contrast, as expected, group feedback caused Japanese participants to save more energy. Providing solely group feedback did not promote energy saving in the Netherlands. Group feedback made the Dutch save more energy only in combination with individual comparison feedback. These results suggest that persuasive technology can employ the power of feedback as a group intervention, but that relevant cultural orientations are crucial.

[12] Unconscious persuasion needs goal-striving: the effect of goal activation on the persuasive power of subliminal feedback / Ruijten, Peter A. M. / Midden, Cees J. H. / Ham, Jaap Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2011-06-02 p.4

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: A fundamental characteristic of ambient persuasive technology is the ability to persuade users outside of conscious attention. One method of influencing people outside of their conscious awareness is subliminal priming: Presenting a stimulus for less than 50 milliseconds so people can not consciously perceive it but they are able to process the information unconsciously. Earlier research has shown that subliminal feedback on energy consumption leads to more optimal choices in an energy-related choice task compared with no feedback. Would subliminal feedback always be effective in influencing people's choices, or do people need to be motivated to reach a specific goal for it to work? In the current research, we investigate if persuasion by subliminal feedback comprises a goal-striving related process in which people strive for a goal and use the subliminal information to reach that goal. In an experimental study, half of the participants were primed with the goal to perform well, and the other half was not primed with this goal. Next, half of the participants received subliminal feedback in a learning task, whereas the other half received no feedback. Results indicated that participants primed with a performance goal made more correct choices in the task when given the subliminal feedback compared with given no feedback. Participants who were not primed with a goal were not influenced by this feedback. This finding indicates the need for a behavior-relevant goal to make subliminal information effective, which in turn has important implications for research and design of ambient persuasive technology.

[13] What Makes Social Feedback from a Robot Work? Disentangling the Effect of Speech, Physical Appearance and Evaluation / Vossen, Suzanne / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2010-06-07 p.52-57

Keywords: energy conservation; social feedback; social cues; evaluation

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Summary: Previous research showed that energy consumption feedback of a social nature resulted in less energy consumption than factual energy consumption feedback. However, it was not clear which elements of social feedback (i.e. evaluation of behavior, the use of speech or the social appearance of the feedback source) caused this higher persuasiveness. In a first experiment we studied the role of evaluation by comparing the energy consumption of participants who received factual, evaluative or social feedback while using a virtual washing machine. The results suggested that social evaluative feedback resulted in lower energy consumption than both factual and evaluative feedback. In the second experiment we examined the role of speech and physical appearance in enhancing the persuasiveness of evaluative feedback. Overall, the current research suggests that the addition of only one social cue is sufficient to enhance the persuasiveness of evaluative feedback, while combining both cues will not further enhance persuasiveness.

[14] Ambient Persuasive Technology Needs Little Cognitive Effort: The Differential Effects of Cognitive Load on Lighting Feedback versus Factual Feedback / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2010-06-07 p.132-142

Keywords: Ambient Persuasive Technology; Persuasive Technology; Lighting; Unconscious Influences

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Summary: Persuasive technology can influence behavior or attitudes by for example providing interactive factual feedback about energy conservation. However, people often lack motivation or cognitive capacity to consciously process such relative complex information (e.g., numerical consumption feedback). Extending recent research that indicates that ambient persuasive technology can persuade the user without receiving the user's conscious attention, we argue here that Ambient Persuasive Technology can be effective while needing only little cognitive resources, and in general can be more influential than more focal forms of persuasive technology. In an experimental study, some participants received energy consumption feedback by means of a light changing color (more green=lower energy consumption, vs. more red=higher energy consumption) and others by means of numbers indicating kWh consumption. Results indicated that ambient feedback led to more conservation than factual feedback. Also, as expected, only for participants processing factual feedback, additional cognitive load lead to slower processing of that feedback. This research sheds light on fundamental characteristics of Ambient Persuasive Technology and Persuasive Lighting, and suggests that it can have important advantages over more focal persuasive technologies without losing its persuasive potential.

[15] The Dominant Robot: Threatening Robots Cause Psychological Reactance, Especially When They Have Incongruent Goals / Roubroeks, Maike A. J. / Ham, Jaap R. C. / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2010-06-07 p.174-184

Keywords: Persuasive Robot; Psychological Reactance; Intentionality; Social Influence; Energy Conservation Behavior; Incongruent goals

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Summary: Persuasive technology can take the form of a social agent that persuades people to change behavior or attitudes. However, like any persuasive technology, persuasive social agents might trigger psychological reactance, which can lead to restoration behavior. The current study investigated whether interacting with a persuasive robot can cause psychological reactance. Additionally, we investigated whether goal congruency plays a role in psychological reactance. Participants programmed a washing machine while a robot gave threatening advice. Confirming expectations, participants experienced more psychological reactance when receiving high-threatening advice compared to low-threatening advice. Moreover, when the robot gave high-threatening advice and expressed an incongruent goal, participants reported the highest level of psychological reactance (on an anger measure). Finally, high-threatening advice led to more restoration, and this relationship was partially mediated by psychological reactance. Overall, results imply that under certain circumstances persuasive technology can trigger opposite effects, especially when people have incongruent goal intentions.

[16] Enhancing Human Responses to Climate Change Risks through Simulated Flooding Experiences / Zaalberg, Ruud / Midden, Cees J. H. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2010-06-07 p.205-210

Keywords: Climate Change; Flooding Experience; Affect; Appraisal; Coping; Persuasive Virtual Environment; Simulation; Presence

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Summary: Delta areas are threatened by global climate change. The general aims of our research were (1) to increase our understanding of climate and flood risk perceptions and the factors that influence these judgments, and (2) to seek for interventions that can contribute to a realistic assessment by laypersons of long-term flooding risks. We argue that awareness of one's own vulnerability to future flooding and insights into the effectiveness of coping strategies is driven by direct flooding experiences. In the current research multimodal sensory stimulation by means of interactive 3D technology is used to simulate direct flooding experiences at the experiential or sensory level, thereby going beyond traditional persuasion attempts using fear-evoking images. Our results suggest that future communication efforts should not only use these new technologies to transfer knowledge about effective coping strategies and flooding risks, but should especially be directed towards residents living in flood prone areas, but who lack direct flooding experiences as their guiding principle.

[17] Using negative and positive social feedback from a robotic agent to save energy Persuasion and climate/energy change / Midden, Cees / Ham, Jaap Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2009-04-26 p.12

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: In this paper we explore the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by an embodied agent, on behavioral change. In a lab setting, two experiments were conducted in which participants had the opportunity to conserve energy while carrying out washing tasks with a simulated washing machine. The experiments tested the effect of positive and negative social feedback and compared these effects to more widely used factual feedback. Results of both studies indicate that social feedback has stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback (Experiment 1) and factual-evaluative feedback (Experiment 2). In addition, an effect of feedback valence was found, demonstrating more conservation actions following negative feedback (social or factual) as compared to positive feedback. Interestingly, especially negative social feedback had the strongest persuasive effects. The predicted perceived agency effect could not be demonstrated. These findings have several implications for theory and design of persuasive robotic agents.

[18] Does it make a difference who tells you what to do?: exploring the effect of social agency on psychological reactance Influence and trust / Roubroeks, Maaike / Midden, Cees / Ham, Jaap Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2009-04-26 p.15

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Nowadays, many advertising campaigns attempt to persuade people to perform a specific behavior. In response to such messages, people can comply and adapt their behavior in the proposed direction. However, people can also experience psychological reactance, which may lead to the complete opposite of the target behavior. In the present study, we were interested in the social nature of psychological reactance. According to Social Agency Theory [12], more social cues lead to more social interaction. We suggest that this also holds for psychological reactance. We argue that there is a positive relation between the level of social agency of the source of a message and the level of psychological reactance that this message can arouse. In an online study, participants received low-controlling or high-controlling advice about energy conservation. This advice was delivered either solely as text, as text with a still picture of a robotic agent, or as text with a brief film clip of the same robotic agent. Results showed that a high-controlling advisory message resulted in more reactance than a low-controlling advisory message. Confirming our expectancies, stronger social agency of the messenger led to more psychological reactance. Implications are discussed.

[19] Can ambient persuasive technology persuade unconsciously?: using subliminal feedback to influence energy consumption ratings of household appliances Posters / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees / Beute, Femke Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2009-04-26 p.29

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: In this paper we explore a fundamental characteristic of Ambient Persuasive Technology: Can it persuade the user without receiving the user's conscious attention? In a task consisting of 90 trials, participants had to indicate which of three household appliances uses the lowest average amount of energy. After each choice, participants in the supraliminal feedback condition received feedback about the correctness of their choice through presentation of a smiling or a sad face for 150 ms. Participants in the subliminal feedback condition received identical feedback, but the faces were presented only for 25 ms, which prohibited conscious perception of these stimuli. The final third of the participants received no feedback. In the next task, participants rated the energy consumption of all presented appliances. Results indicated that supraliminal feedback and subliminal feedback both led to more correct energy consumption ratings as compared to receiving no feedback. Implications are discussed.

[20] Social influence of a persuasive agent: the role of agent embodiment and evaluative feedback Design & evaluation of persuasive systems / Vossen, Suzanne / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2009-04-26 p.46

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Feedback can serve as an intervention aimed at reducing household energy consumption. The present study focused on the effects of agent embodiment on behavioral change through feedback. The effects of agent embodiment were studied for female vs. male users. Also factual feedback was compared to evaluative feedback. An experiment was conducted in which 76 participants used a virtual washing machine to clean laundry. They received interactive feedback about their energy consumption, from an embodied agent or from a computer. This feedback indicated the consumption level (factual feedback) or good or bad performance (evaluative feedback). The results showed that evaluative feedback, especially when it was negative, was more effective than factual feedback in reducing energy consumption, independent of the source of the feedback. Overall, for men it did not matter whether the feedback was given by a computer or by an embodied agent, but for women it did: women who interacted with the embodied agent used less energy than women who interacted with the computer.

[21] A robot that says bad!: using negative and positive social feedback from a robotic agent to save energy HRI late-breaking abstracts / Ham, Jaap / Midden, Cees Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction 2009-03-09 p.265-266

Keywords: embodied agents, persuasion, social feedback, social robotics

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Two experiments explored the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by a robotic agent, on behavioral change. Results indicate stronger persuasive effects of social feedback than of factual feedback (Experiment 1) or factual evaluative feedback (Experiment 2), and of negative feedback (especially social but also factual) than of positive feedback.

[22] Effect of indirect information on system trust and control allocation / De Vries, P. / Midden, C. Behaviour and Information Technology 2008 v.27 n.1 p.17-29

Link to Article at informaworld

Summary: In contrast with most other experimental system trust research, this paper examines indirect information as a basis for trust. In experiment 1, the overall valence of an evaluation concerning a route planner was pitted against a consensus cue, i.e. a favourable opinion about the system endorsed by a minority versus a majority. A positive evaluation caused an increase of system trust, whereas a negative evaluation led to a decrease. Control allocation, i.e. choosing manual or automatic mode, however, remained unaffected. Furthermore, no effect was found of consensus; one explanation holds that, despite the absence of outcome feedback, displaying of routes on-screen provided interfering trust-relevant information. Focusing solely on the consensus effect in the absence of route display, experiment 2 revealed consensus to affect both trust and control allocation.
These experiments show that trust-relevant information can be processed heuristically and systematically. Possibly, trust can also be based on direct information despite absence of feedback whether generated solutions are good or bad.

[23] iParrot: Towards Designing a Persuasive Agent for Energy Conservation New Form Factors for Persuasive Technology / Al Mahmud, Abdullah / Dadlani, Pavan / Mubin, Omar / Shahid, Suleman / Midden, Cees J. H. / Moran, Oliver Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2007-04-26 p.64-67

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: Computational agents can motivate people to change their behaviour towards energy use in a home setting. In this paper, we investigate the design and evaluation of the iParrot, an intelligent agent that helps to persuade family members to conserve energy in their home. The iParrot was designed as a concept in the form of a video prototype with two conditions. The results from the evaluation show that people will comply with the advice from such an agent for energy conservation if the agent is friendlier. Moreover, participants were able to distinctly perceive the friendliness level for both conditions.

[24] Persuasive Technology for Human Well-Being: Setting the Scene / IJsselsteijn, Wijnand / de Kort, Yvonne / Midden, Cees J. H. / Eggen, Berry / van den Hoven, Elise Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2006-05-18 p.1-5

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Summary: In this short paper we aim to give a brief introduction to persuasive technology, especially as it pertains to human well-being. We discuss a number of current research opportunities in areas of healthcare, environmental conservation, and education. We conclude by highlighting what we regard as the key research challenges that need to be addressed, focusing on context sensing and appropriate feedback, the need for longitudinal user studies, and ethical concerns.

[25] Persuasive Appliances: Goal Priming and Behavioral Response to Product-Integrated Energy Feedback Psychological Principles of Persuasive Technology / McCalley, Teddy / Kaiser, Florian / Midden, Cees J. H. / Keser, Merijn / Teunissen, Maarten Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Persuasive Technology 2006-05-18 p.45-49

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Summary: Previous studies have shown the embedding of feedback dialogue in electronic appliances to be a promising energy conservation tool if the correct goal-feedback match is made. The present study is the first in a series planned to explore contextual effects as moderators of both the goal and the feedback. Tentative results are reported of a study where two different levels of alternative goals (related/unrelated) are primed and compared as to theory predictions of their motivational strength. Results suggest enhanced performance when an action-related goal is primed, however, more participants must be included before final conclusions can be drawn.