topauthor: Keebler_J* : Human-Computer Interaction Bibliography Search

[1] Learning Team Theories and Measurement through the Game Pandemic Education: E1 -- Innovations and Trends in Human Factors Education / Keebler, Joseph R. / DiazGranados, Deborah / Smith, Dustin C. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.442-446

doi 10.1177/1541931214581092

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Teamwork is paramount in many modern day career fields. It is important for HF students and professionals to understand the knowledge, skills, and attitudes requisite for excellent teamwork and to grasp the many hurdles that exist in appropriately measuring its major constructs. Although theories can be imparted didactically, and ideas for measurement discussed, conducting team based research continues to be extremely difficult in particular for measuring team behaviors. This article discusses a potential remedy to this issue through the team-based game 'Pandemic©'. This game has players work together on teams of 2-4 individuals whose goal is to cure the world from a set of 4 diseases that are eradicating humanity. It forces individuals to be resourceful and work together -- and exemplifies many of the behavioral, attitudinal and cognitive components of teamwork. This article will discuss a) the major theories of teamwork that should be taught alongside this game as an in-class activity, b) the KSAs, team processes, and measurable outcomes that Pandemic entails, and c) an example of ways to integrate the game into semester long activities to give students insight into teamwork and teamwork measurement.

[2] Variance in Academia: It is not all R1's out there and even those are not what you think Education: E4 -- Variance in Academia: It Is Not All R1's Out There, and Even Those Are Not What You Think / Kelling, Nicholas / Corso, Gregory M. / Cuevas, Haydee M. / Keebler, Joseph R. / Peres, S. Camille / Walker, Bruce N. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.477-481

doi 10.1177/1541931214581099

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: There is a growing concern regarding our academic community that academia has become a less than optimal option for new graduates. As our discipline is strongest when there is an appropriate balance between academia and industry, maintaining a strong academic workforce remains critical. However, apprehension exists on the mind of students regarding the viability of academic careers. Of specific concern is a very high expectation for tenure. Although such expectations may be accurate for some high performing institutions, a more accurate depiction is needed regarding the variance of academic positions. This panel will allow for an open discussion between those interested in academic careers and a multitude of differing academic experiences. Although tenure will be a major component discussed, interactions will also include best practices and tips for academic success.

[3] Novelty and Retention for Two Augmented Reality Learning Systems Interactive Posters & Demos: POS1 -- Interactive Posters & Demos / Patzer, Brady / Smith, Dustin C. / Keebler, Joseph R. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.1164-1168

doi 10.1177/1541931214581243

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Studies were conducted to measure novelty and learning retention while utilizing augmented reality (AR) in two learning systems. The first taught participants the basics of guitar and either a melody or scale using an AR guitar with an LED-embedded fret board. The guitar provided digital representations of learning patterns that users would otherwise need to visualize during the learning process. Results of three studies indicate that participants using the AR learning tool were able to perform more of the melody or scale after two-weeks. The second taught participants the basic functioning and anatomy of the heart, using either an AR model or a fiberglass model. Learning and technology acceptance were measured. Results indicated that the AR learning tool was as effective for participant learning when compared to the conventional fiberglass model learning tool. Furthermore, the AR learning tool was rated more enjoyable, curiosity inducing, and easier-to-use than the fiberglass model.

[4] Building a Simulated Medical Augmented Reality Training System Interactive Posters & Demos: POS1 -- Interactive Posters & Demos / Keebler, Joseph R. / Lazzara, Elizabeth H. / Patzer, Brady Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.1169-1173

doi 10.1177/1541931214581244

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Medical decision-making largely depends on the caregiver's fundamental knowledge of anatomy. To this end, the authors discuss a cost-effective augmented reality system for simulated medical research and education. First, we define augmented reality. Second, we will review the history of augmented reality in medical training. Third, we will discuss some of the human factors principles associated with augmented reality training systems. Fourth, we will describe our insight and methods for building a Simulated Medical Augmented Reality Training (SMART) system, which can be used as an alternative training tool for medical and anatomy students. Finally, we will outline five steps that can be taken to build a SMART system.

[5] Life, the Universe, and Academia: An Interactive Discussion on Balance and Early Success for Potential Academics Education: E2 -- Life, the Universe, and Academia: Success in Early Career Academia / Kelling, Nicholas / Bedwell, Wendy / Corso, Gregory M. / Cuevas, Haydee M. / Keebler, Joseph R. / Peres, S. Camille / Walker, Bruce N. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.438-442

doi 10.1177/1541931213571095

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: The human factors discipline has always benefited from a strong connection between industry and academia. However, the increasing need of an educated industry workforce has created a potential concern of maintaining a viable academic workforce. Students, in particular, have previously voiced apprehensions regarding academic careers when compared to industry options. The balance between industry and academia should be preserved. Therefore, to aid in this equilibrium, an open discussion centered on student inquiries about early academia is needed to maintain an understanding of the current academic environment. Specifically, the most beneficial interaction may be through discussions between those interested in academia and those currently entrenched in multiple facets of success in early academic careers.

[6] Visual and Cognitive Predictors of Visual Enhancement in Noisy Listening Conditions Perception & Performance: PP5 -- Research on Speech & Driving: Together & Separate / Jansen, Samantha / Chaparro, Alex / Downs, David / Palmer, Evan / Keebler, Joseph Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.1199-1203

doi 10.1177/1541931213571267

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Researchers have demonstrated that visual and auditory cues interact, improving speech intelligibility under noisy listening conditions. For instance, recent findings demonstrated that simulated cataracts hinder the ability of listeners to utilize visual cues to understand (i.e., speechread) televised speech sentences. The purpose of this study was to determine which measures of visual, auditory, and cognitive performance predicted participants' ability to speechread televised spoken messages in the presence of background babble. Specifically, 30 young adults with normal visual acuity and hearing sensitivity completed a battery of visual, auditory, and cognitive assessments. Speech intelligibility was tested under two conditions: auditory-only with no visual input and auditory-visual with normal viewing. Speech intelligibility scores were used to calculate average visual enhancement, or the average benefit participants gained from viewing visual information in addition to auditory information. Regression analyses demonstrated that the best predictors of visual enhancement were measures of contrast sensitivity and executive functioning, including the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Trail Making Test, part B. These results suggest that audiovisual speech integration is dependent on both low-level sensory information and high-level cognitive processes, particularly those associated with executive functioning.

[7] Developing Unmanned Aerial System Training: An Event-Based Approach Posters: POS1 -- Poster & Demo Interactive Session 1 / Dietz, Aaron S. / Keebler, Joseph R. / Lyons, Rebecca / Salas, Eduardo / Ramesh, V. C. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.1259-1262

doi 10.1177/1541931213571279

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) will be increasingly utilized for military and domestic purposes in a variety of operations. Unfortunately, the potential these systems afford is marred by a remarkably high accident and incident rate. Pavlas and colleagues (2009) suggested training science is not necessarily integrated into actual UAS training. The purpose of this paper is to propose one approach towards redressing this gap. Specifically, this paper details how the Event-Based Approach to Training (EBAT) can be applied to develop UAS training content and performance measurement tools. Throughout the paper, we outline the steps involved in the EBAT methodology and pare the discussion with exemplars of how UAS training scenario content and performance metrics can be systematically crafted.

[8] Object Identification Errors Can be Predicted from Attention Biases Acquired During Training Training: T2 -- Effective Training for Error Reduction and Performance Enhancement / Higgins, Nicholas A. / Bohil, Corey J. / Keebler, Joseph R. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.2106-2110

doi 10.1177/1541931213571469

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: The goal of the present research was to understand the relationship between object similarity and incidentally-inferred category structure. Participants completed one of two possible training tasks in which they learned to identify line-drawings of main battle tanks. In the 'observation' group, participants observed a series of tank images and tank-model names. In the 'response' group, participants saw the same tank images but had to guess the label on each trial (corrective feedback followed each response). All participants then completed an identification test, followed by a card-sorting task using the same tank images to determine how participants mentally organized the vehicles after repeated exposure. The response training condition resulted in significantly fewer identification errors than the observation training condition. The card sorts enabled us to predict a substantial proportion of the identification confusions, particularly after response training (50% of identification errors predicted). These results support the hypothesis that rote memorization of individual training items may lead to some (untrained) mental organization of items, and that identification errors may be partially predicted and explained as a result of this mental organization.

[9] Cybernetic Teams: Towards the Implementation of Team Heuristics in HRI Human-Robot Interaction in Virtual Environments / Wiltshire, Travis J. / Smith, Dustin C. / Keebler, Joseph R. VAMR 2013: 5th International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, Part I: Designing and Developing Augmented and Virtual Environments 2013-07-21 v.1 p.321-330

Keywords: Human-robot interaction; team heuristics; cybernetic teams; social robots

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: This paper examines a future embedded with "cybernetic teams": teams of physical, biological, social, cognitive, and technological components; namely, humans and robots that communicate, coordinate, and cooperate as teammates to perform work. For such teams to be realized, we submit that these robots must be physically embodied, autonomous, intelligent, and interactive. As such, we argue that use of increasingly social robots is essential for shifting the perception of robots as tools to robots as teammates and these robots are the type best suited for cybernetic teams. Building from these concepts, we attempt to articulate and adapt team heuristics from research in human teams to this context. In sum, research and technical efforts in this area are still quite novel and thus warranted to shape the teams of the future.

[10] Picking Up STEAM: Educational Implications for Teaching with an Augmented Reality Guitar Learning System Virtual and Augmented Environments for Learning and Education / Keebler, Joseph R. / Wiltshire, Travis J. / Smith, Dustin C. / Fiore, Stephen M. VAMR 2013: 5th International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, Part II: Systems and Applications 2013-07-21 v.2 p.170-178

Keywords: STEAM; augmented reality; embodied learning; music education; Fretlight® guitar

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: Incorporation of the arts into the current model of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEAM) may have a profound impact on the future of education. In light of this, we examined a novel technology at the intersection of these disciplines. Specifically, an experiment was conducted using augmented reality to learn a musical instrument, namely the guitar. The Fretlight® guitar system uses LED lights embedded in the fretboard to give direct information to the guitarist as to where to place their fingers. This was compared to a standard scale diagram. Results indicate that the Fretlight® system led to initial significant gains in performance over a control condition using diagrams, but these effects disappeared over the course of 30 trials. Potential benefits of the augmented reality technology are discussed, and future work is outlined to better understand how embodied cognition and augmented reality can increase learning outcomes for playing musical instruments.

[11] Comparison of SA Measurement Techniques in a Human-Robot Team Task Posters: POS3 -- Posters 3 / Schuster, David / Keebler, Joseph R. / Jentsch, Florian / Zuniga, Jorge Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012-10-22 p.1713-1717

doi 10.1177/1071181312561343

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Increasingly intelligent and capable robots may lead to human-robot interaction characterized by close collaboration with robots as team members rather than remotely manipulated tools. In this mode of operation, it is important that robot team members contribute to, rather than limit, the situation awareness (SA) of soldiers. An exploratory study was conducted in which the effects of individual differences and mission factors on three measures of SA were compared. The Situational Awareness Rating Technique (SART) was the best metric for capturing elements of SA that were useful in mission performance, although the results suggest that other measures should not be disregarded. Practical implications for the use of SA metrics in human-robot teams are discussed.

[12] Best Practices for the Effective Implementation of Telerounding Posters: POS3 -- Posters 3 / Heyne, Kyle / Lazzara, Elizabeth / Keebler, Joseph / Benishek, Lauren / Salas, Eduardo Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012-10-22 p.1738-1742

doi 10.1177/1071181312561348

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation of tele-medicine systems has. Telerounding is one specific subset of telemedicine where a team of physicians will gather in a specific location and use a telepresence robot to perform their day to day rounding procedures. This type of telemedicine is fairly new, and thus is lacking a solid research base to guide the implementation and usage of such a system. This paper is an initial attempt at a comprehensive list of best practices for such a system and is based off of current telemedicine literature as well as the experience of the authors.

[13] Evaluation of COTS Simulations for Future HRI Teams Virtual Environments: VE3 -- Virtual Reality, Virtual Humans, and Robots / Goetz, Adam / Keebler, Joseph R. / Phillips, Elizabeth / Jentsch, Florian / Hudson, Irwin Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012-10-22 p.2547-2551

doi 10.1177/1071181312561529

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: As robotic technologies become more autonomous, the way human-robot interaction is studied in the laboratory is going to need to change. Currently, the use of robots in the present day is almost entirely via tele-operation. As robots become more intelligent, they will need less human supervisory control. One approach is to liken near future human-robot teams to working human-animal teams However, in order to fully understand how humans will interact with near future robotic technologies that may not yet exist, we must use today's simulation technologies as research tools. Some of these include Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) games. To overcome some of the problems inherent in trying to simulate technologies that may not yet exist, these games can represent a means by which near future human-robot interactions can be simulated This paper serves as a review the development of a framework for analyzing the utility of COTS games for HRI research, and will apply the framework to a few current COTS games.

[14] Beyond "spatial ability": examining the impact of multiple individual differences in a perception by proxy framework LBR highlights / Fincannon, Thomas / Jentsch, Florian / Sellers, Brittany / Keebler, Joseph R. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction 2012-03-05 p.127-128

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Prior research has proposed the use of a Perception by Proxy framework that relies on human perception to support actions of autonomy. Given the importance of human perception, this framework highlights the need to understand how human cognitive abilities factor into the human-robot dynamic. The following paper uses a military reconnaissance task to examine how cognitive abilities interact with the gradual implementation of autonomy in a Perception by Proxy framework (i.e., autonomy to detect; autonomy to support rerouting) to predict three dimensions of sequential performance (i.e., speeded detection; target identification; rerouting). Results showed that, in addition to effects of autonomy and task setting, different individual abilities predicted unique aspects of performance. This highlights the need to broaden consideration of cognitive abilities in HRI.

[15] Applying team heuristics to future human-robot systems LBR highlights / Keebler, Joseph Roland / Jentsch, Florian / Fincannon, Thomas / Hudson, Irwin Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction 2012-03-05 p.169-170

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: In this paper we briefly describe teaming heuristics as they are applied to human-human teams, and demonstrate their adaptability to human-robot (HR) teams. We discuss a framework developed from Salas's models on teamwork and team training. As HRI technology moves from tele-operative control methods to teamwork with intelligent robots, it is pertinent to properly integrate knowledge about teams into the development of robotic systems. This should lead to highly effective team systems, and may provide insight into the design of robotic entities and system protocols.

[16] The Effects of Image Resolution on an Armored Vehicle Differentiation Task Posters: POS2 - Posters 2 / Oleson, Kristin E. / Keebler, Joseph / Colombo, Gian Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011-09-19 p.1398-1401

doi: 10.1177/1071181311551291

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Future usage of multiple unmanned vehicle (UV) assets by all branches of the United States military necessitates examination of the factors involved in efficient communication of information among human-robot teams. One area for concern is the transfer of visual information in the form of photographs or live feeds. This study explores the effects of image resolution on a relevant military task, namely that of vehicle differentiation. Images of four scaled armored military vehicles (M1A1 Abrams, M3A2 Bradley, T-72 and T-80) were recorded and compared across six digital image resolution levels for accuracy and response time. Results suggest that 15 ppi is the minimum image resolution needed during transmission of static visual communication.

[17] Developing an Effective Combat Identification Training Posters: POS3 - Posters 3 / Keebler, Joseph R. / Jentsch, Florian / Hudson, Irwin Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011-09-19 p.1554-1558

doi: 10.1177/1071181311551324

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Correctly identifying combat vehicles is a difficult task. As the military becomes more automated through unmanned vehicles (UVs), it will be important to make sure individuals are properly trained in the visual recognition and identification of combat targets. Due to the extensive amount of visual materials that can be used to study potential combat targets (in this case armored vehicles), it is pertinent to conduct empirical research to further evaluate the effectiveness of training media types. Through examining learning and performance outcomes, as well as individual experiences, it may be possible to better understand the effects of differing types of training media. This paper will strive to review some of the technologies that could be used for training combat identification, as well as review relevant cognitive and experiential factors that may affect training interactions, including learning, trainee enjoyment, technology acceptance and performance.

[18] Gaining Ground: Merging Cognitive Load Theory with Human Factors Principles EDUCATION: E3 -- Teaching, Learning, or Both / Keebler, Joseph R. / Ososky, Scott / Jentsch, Florian / Fincannon, Thomas Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010-09-27 v.54 p.667-671

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Although considered one of the best in the world, in many ways America's educational system is not living up to its expectations. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to learning and training through integrating human factors (HF) is not a novel idea, yet it seems that further work can still be done to increase outcomes. This paper intends to investigate the similarities and differences of the theory of cognitive load (CLT), which is used extensively in instructional design, with various fundamental human factors constructs (workload, flow state, and transfer appropriate processing.). This may help to increase understanding between the fields, as well as find important similarities and differences between the given theories to increase the benefits of instructional design.

[19] Some Good and Bad with Spatial Ability in Three Person Teams that Operate Multiple Unmanned Vehicles POSTERS: POS3 -- Posters 3 / Fincannon, Thomas D. / Ososky, Scott / Jentsch, Florian / Keebler, Joseph / Phillips, Elizabeth Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010-09-27 v.54 p.1615-1619

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: This study reports findings regarding the influence of spatial ability of each operator on a three person team on workload and performance. Sixty six participants were randomly assigned to the role of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator, unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operator, and intelligence officer (leader) to create a total of 22 teams, and spatial ability was assessed with Part 5 of the Guilford-Zimmerman Aptitude Survey. Findings indicated that spatial ability of the UAV operator and UGV operator improved reconnaissance, and while spatial ability of the UAV operator improved reacquisition of objectives after reconnaissance, spatial ability of the intelligence officer hindered team performance on this second task. A rationale for these results was developed with findings from the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ). Discussion focuses on the relationship between spatial ability and visual perception in complex teams.

[20] Use of Functional Near Infrared Imaging to Investigate Neural Correlates of Expertise in Military Target Identification AUGMENTED COGNITION / Keebler, Joseph R. / Sciarini, Lee W. / Fidopiastis, Cali / Jentsch, Florian / Nicholson, Denise Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.151-154

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: This paper explores the use of functional near infrared imaging in the investigation of expertise in an applied setting, specifically that of military vehicle recognition and identification. Although brain research has shown strong support for the localization of function for identifying objects, specifically in areas such as the face fuseiform gyrus, the authors believe there may be potential in measuring the upper regions of the parietal cortex to find differences between novices and experts. Four participants, two novices and two experts, were used in a military vehicle identification task while being measured with a Functional Near Infrared (fNIR) imager. Results show promise for further use of this technology in training, evaluation and augmented cognition.

[21] The Influence of Team Size and Communication Modality on Team Effectiveness with Unmanned Systems COMMUNICATIONS / Fincannon, Thomas D. / Evans, A. William / Phillips, Elizabeth / Jentsch, Florian / Keebler, Joseph Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.419-423

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: This study examines the effects of team size (2 versus 3 operators) and communication modality (audio versus text) on team performance. Performance and workload measures from 112 undergraduate students from the University of Central Florida were used in this analysis. Results indicated that performance was optimal for teams of three operators using audio systems for distributed communication. Results with the NASA TLX showed patterns where workload was lower in the audio condition. Results with the Multiple Resources Questionnaire (MRQ) showed a reversed trend with a higher score in the audio condition, which was attributed to increases in items associated with audio processing.

[22] Effects of Sharing Control of Unmanned Vehicles on Backup Behavior and Workload in Distributed Operator Teams POSTERS / Fincannon, Thomas D. / Evans, A. William / Jentsch, Florian / Phillips, Elizabeth / Keebler, Joseph Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.1300-1303

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: This study examined the effects of sharing vehicle control on workload and support behaviors with teams using multiple unmanned systems. The design of systems control was manipulated such that teammates could only control their own vehicle or share control of their vehicle with a teammate. Process variables focused on requests for navigational support from an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operator and the support that was provided by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator. The primary outcome of interest was workload, as measured by the NASA TLX. Results indicated that there was an interaction between the design manipulation and UGV requests for support in the prediction of support that was provided by an UAV operator, where support was only provided when teams did not share control of their teammate's vehicle. The sharing of control and provision of navigation support both increased workload for the UAV operator.

[23] Interactive Effects of Backup Behavior and Spatial Abilities in the Prediction of Teammate Workload Using Multiple Unmanned Vehicles INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: ID2 - Individual Differences Potpourri / Fincannon, Thomas D. / Evans, A William / Jentsch, Florian / Keebler, Joseph Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting 2008-09-22 v.52 p.995-999

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: This study examined the interactive effects of spatial ability and team process on operator workload, while using multiple unmanned vehicles. The hypotheses also focused on how these effects might change when using different measures of spatial ability. In order to examine this, the Guilford-Zimmerman Spatial Visualization and Spatial Orientation scores of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operator and navigation support provided by this UAV operator to an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operator were used as variables predicting UGV operator workload while performing a reconnaissance task. Results indicated that the interaction of the "guider's" spatial visualization and navigation support and the interaction between spatial orientation and navigation support not only accounted for unique variances in the prediction of his/her teammate's workload, but they also produced qualitatively different patterns of results. In identifying these unique contributions, the importance of using multiple spatial ability measures in (unmanned vehicle) research is highlighted.

[24] Effects of Training Modality on Military Vehicle Identification in a Virtual Environment TRAINING: T2 - Training Effectiveness: Modes and Feedback / Keebler, Joseph R. / Sciarini, Lee / Jenstch, Florian / Fincannon, Thomas / Nicholson, Denise Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting 2008-09-22 v.52 p.2052-2056

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: Using the Deployable Virtual Training Environment (DVTE) simulation suite, we investigated the effects of two different training types (military issued cards and 1:35 scale models) on participant's abilities to correctly identify military vehicles. Using independent samples t-tests, it was found that neither the cards nor scale models of the same vehicles had an effect on identification scores when the participants were tested in the DVTE environment. We then compared this current study to a previous study that tested the two training modalities using the same media instead of a virtual environment. We found results for recognition demonstrating that either training was sufficient for predicting performance in the virtual environment. Performance for identifying the vehicles was significant only when the training and testing modality were the same.

[25] Effects of 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Media Exposure Training in a Tank Recognition Task TRAINING: Training Potpourri / Keebler, Joseph R. / Harper-Sciarini, Michelle / Curtis, Michael T. / Schuster, Dave / Jentsch, Florian / Bell-Carroll, Meredith Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting 2007-10-01 v.51 p.1593-1597

Link to HFES Digital Content

Summary: This investigation explores the differences between two types of military vehicle training: a current training method (2-dimensional, military-issued cards) and a novel method using 3-dimensional 1:35 scale models. Participant performance was tested in 3 areas: an identification task (can you name this vehicle?), a recognition task (have you seen this vehicle before?) and a friend/foe differentiation task. All three tasks were tested in both two dimensions (Training cards) and three dimensions (1:35 models). The performance results of the tasks support the integration of 3D training.