[1]
Speeching: Mobile Crowdsourced Speech Assessment to Support Self-Monitoring
and Management for People with Parkinson's
Health Support & Management
/
McNaney, Róisín
/
Othman, Mohammad
/
Richardson, Dan
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Amaral, Telmo
/
Miller, Nick
/
Stringer, Helen
/
Olivier, Patrick
/
Vines, John
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.4464-4476
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: We present Speeching, a mobile application that uses crowdsourcing to
support the self-monitoring and management of speech and voice issues for
people with Parkinson's (PwP). The application allows participants to audio
record short voice tasks, which are then rated and assessed by crowd workers.
Speeching then feeds these results back to provide users with examples of how
they were perceived by listeners unconnected to them (thus not used to their
speech patterns). We conducted our study in two phases. First we assessed the
feasibility of utilising the crowd to provide ratings of speech and voice that
are comparable to those of experts. We then conducted a trial to evaluate how
the provision of feedback, using Speeching, was valued by PwP. Our study
highlights how applications like Speeching open up new opportunities for
self-monitoring in digital health and wellbeing, and provide a means for those
without regular access to clinical assessment services to practice and get
meaningful feedback on their speech.
[2]
Using IMUs to Identify Supervisors on Touch Devices
HCI for Education
/
Kharrufa, Ahmed
/
Nicholson, James
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Hodges, Steve
/
Briggs, Pam
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'15: Human-Computer Interaction, Part II
2015-09-14
v.2
p.565-583
Keywords: IMU; Association; Authentication; Touch interaction; UI design
© Copyright 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
Summary: In addition to their popularity as personal devices, tablets, are becoming
increasingly prevalent in work and public settings. In many of these
application domains a supervisor user -- such as the teacher in a classroom --
oversees the function of one or more devices. Access to supervisory functions
is typically controlled through the use of a passcode, but experience shows
that keeping this passcode secret can be problematic. We introduce SwipeID, a
method of identifying supervisor users across a set of touch-based devices by
correlating data from a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a
corresponding touchscreen interaction. This approach naturally supports access
at the time and point of contact and does not require any additional hardware
on the client devices. We describe the design of our system and the
challenge-response protocols we have considered. We then present an evaluation
study to demonstrate feasibility. Finally we highlight the potential for our
scheme to extend to different application domains and input devices.
[3]
Social Media As a Resource for Understanding Security Experiences: A
Qualitative Analysis of #Password Tweets
Authentication Experience
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis
/
Thieme, Anja
/
Nicholson, James
/
McCarthy, John
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of the 2015 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
2015-07-22
p.141-150
© Copyright 2015 Authors
Summary: As security technologies become more embedded into people's everyday lives,
it becomes more challenging for researchers to understand the contexts in which
those technologies are situated. The need to develop research methods that
provide a lens on personal experiences has driven much recent work in
human-computer interaction, but has so far received little focus in usable
security. In this paper we explore the potential of the micro blogging site
Twitter to provide experience-centered insights into security practices. Taking
the topic of passwords as an example, we collected tweets with the goal to
capture personal narratives of password use situated in its context. We
performed a qualitative content analysis on the tweets and uncovered: how
tweets contained critique and frustration about existing password practices and
workarounds; how people socially shared and revoked their passwords as a
deliberate act in exploring and defining their relationships with others;
practices of playfully bypassing passwords mechanisms and how passwords are
appropriated in portrayals of self. These findings begin to evidence the extent
to which passwords increasingly serve social functions that are more complex
than have been documented in previous research.
[4]
Captchat: A Messaging Tool to Frustrate Ubiquitous Surveillance
alt.chi: Mindfulness and Care
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Schöning, Johannes
/
Nicholson, James
/
Olivier, Patrick
Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems
2015-04-18
v.2
p.639-646
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: There is currently a widespread uncertainty regarding the ability of
citizens to control privacy online in the face of ubiquitous surveillance. This
is a huge and complex societal problem. Despite the multi-faceted nature of the
problem, we propose that HCI researchers can still make a positive contribution
in this space through the design of technologies that support citizens to
engage with issues of surveillance. In this paper we describe the design of a
messaging application called Captchat. Captchat enables people to send everyday
messages embedded into images, with the added ability to apply visual
distortions to the message to resemble an online CAPTCHA. We propose the chief
benefit would be that Captchat messages (with potentially "one-time"
distortions) can increase the difficulty for algorithms to index private
messages and necessitate the involvement of much more costly human labor in the
surveillance process. We developed a prototype and conducted a user study; the
results suggest that people were likely to create Captchat messages that were
difficult to index for an OCR package but still easy to understand by humans,
even without explicit instructions to interact 'securely' with the application.
While more work is still required to understand the limitations of Captchat, we
hope it can open discussion on how HCI researchers can respond to the
challenges faced from ubiquitous surveillance.
[5]
BallotShare: An exploration of the design space for digital voting in the
workplace
/
Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Taylor, Nick
/
Comber, Rob
/
Olivier, Patrick
Computers in Human Behavior
2014-12
v.41
n.0
p.433-443
Keywords: Decision making
Keywords: e-voting
Keywords: Social voting
Keywords: HCI
© Copyright 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Summary: Digital voting is used to support group decision-making in a variety of
contexts ranging from politics to mundane everyday collaboration, and the rise
in popularity of digital voting has provided an opportunity to re-envision
voting as a social tool that better serves democracy. A key design goal for any
group decision-making system is the promotion of participation, yet there is
little research that explores how the features of digital voting systems
themselves can be shaped to configure participation appropriately. In this
paper we propose a framework that explores the design space of digital voting
from the perspective of participation. We ground our discussion in the design
of a social media polling tool called BallotShare; a first instantiation of our
proposed framework designed to facilitate the study of decision-making
practices in a workplace environment. Across five weeks, participants created
and took part in non-standard polls relating to events and other spontaneous
group decisions. Following interviews with participants we identified
significant drivers and limitations of individual and collective participation
in the voting process: social visibility, social inclusion, commitment and
delegation, accountability, influence and privacy.
[6]
Designing for Spontaneous and Secure Delegation in Digital Payments
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Monk, Andrew
/
Vines, John
/
Blythe, Mark
/
Olivier, Patrick
Interacting with Computers
2014-09
v.26
n.5
p.417-432
© Copyright 2014 Authors
Summary: Delegation is the practice of sharing authority with another individual to
enable them to complete a specific task as a proxy. Practices to permit
delegation can range from formal to informal arrangements and can involve
spontaneous yet finely balanced notions of trust between people. This paper
argues that delegation is a ubiquitous yet an unsupported feature of
socio-technical computer systems and that this lack of support illustrates a
particular neglect to the everyday financial practices of the more vulnerable
people in society. Our contribution is to provide a first exploration of the
domain of person-to-person delegation in digital payments, a particularly
pressing context. We first report qualitative data collected across several
studies concerning banking practices of individuals over 80 years of age. We
then use analytical techniques centred upon identification of stakeholders,
their concerns and interactions, to characterize the delegation practices we
observed. We propose a Concerns Matrix as a suitable representation to capture
conflicts in the needs of individuals in such complex socio-technical systems,
and finally propose a putative design response in the form of a Helper Card.
[7]
PosterVote: expanding the action repertoire for local political activism
Communities
/
Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis
/
Comber, Rob
/
Ladha, Karim
/
Taylor, Nick
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
McCorry, Patrick
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of DIS'14: Designing Interactive Systems
2014-06-21
v.1
p.795-804
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: Online and digital technologies support and extend the action repertoires of
localized social movements. In this paper we examine the ways by which digital
technologies can support "on-the-ground" activist communities in the
development of social movements. After identifying some of the challenges of
deploying conventional voting and consultation technologies for activism, we
examine situated political action in local communities through the design and
deployment of a low-cost community voting prototype, PosterVote. We deploy
PosterVote in two case studies with two local community organizations
identifying the features that supported or hindered grassroots democratic
practices. Through interviews with these communities, we explore the design of
situated voting systems to support participation within an ecology of social
action.
[8]
Pay or delay: the role of technology when managing a low income
Managing income
/
Vines, John
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Monk, Andrew
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2014-04-26
v.1
p.501-510
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: This paper reports on a qualitative study of 38 low-income individuals
living in the North East of England. The participants' experiences of money,
banking and the role digital technology plays in their financial practices were
identified through semi-structured interviews in people's homes and group
workshops. A grounded theory analysis of these data characterises how
technology both helped and hindered participants to keep close control of their
finances. These findings suggest design opportunities for future digital
banking technologies that extend the already sophisticated practices of
individuals managing a low income, focusing on: delaying, prioritising,
planning, watching, and hiding monetary transactions.
[9]
Experience design theatre: exploring the role of live theatre in scaffolding
design dialogues
Research through design
/
Vines, John
/
Denman-Cleaver, Tess
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Wright, Peter
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2014-04-26
v.1
p.683-692
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: While theatre has been used in HCI as a tool for engaging participants in
design processes, the specific benefits of using live theatre over other
communicative mediums, remains underexplored. In this paper we introduce
Experience Design Theatre (EDT) as an approach to undertaking
experience-centered design with multiple parties in the early stages of design.
EDT was motivated by a need to involve several diverse groups of people in the
design of a digitally coordinated care service -- NetCarers. We used live
theatre as a way to engage small groups of participants in dialogues around the
design of NetCarers, to qualify their contributions in a refined performance,
and to communicate their concerns and aspirations to domain experts. We
highlight key benefits to using live theatre in experience-centered design and
offer insights for researchers undertaking similar work in the future.
[10]
Patterns in the wild: a field study of the usability of pattern and
pin-based authentication on mobile devices
Security and privacy
/
von Zezschwitz, Emanuel
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
De Luca, Alexander
Proceedings of 2013 Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile
devices and services
2013-08-27
2013-08-27
p.261-270
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Graphical password systems based upon the recall and reproduction of visual
patterns (e.g. as seen on the Google Android platform) are assumed to have
desirable usability and memorability properties. However, there are no
empirical studies that explore whether this is actually the case on an everyday
basis. In this paper, we present the results of a real world user study across
21 days that was conducted to gather such insight; we compared the performance
of Android-like patterns to personal identification numbers (PIN), both on
smartphones, in a field study. The quantitative results indicate that PIN
outperforms the pattern lock when comparing input speed and error rates.
However, the qualitative results suggest that users tend to accept this and are
still in favor of the pattern lock to a certain extent. For instance, it was
rated better in terms of ease-of-use, feedback and likeability. Most
interestingly, even though the pattern lock does not provide any undo or cancel
functionality, it was rated significantly better than PIN in terms of error
recovery; this provides insight into the relationship between error prevention
and error recovery in user authentication.
[11]
Designing interactive secure system: chi 2013 special interest group
SIGs
/
Faily, Shamal
/
Coles-Kemp, Lizzie
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Just, Mike
/
Akama, Yoko
/
De Luca, Alexander
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2013-04-27
v.2
p.2469-2472
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Despite a growing interest in the design and engineering of interactive
secure systems, there is also a noticeable amount of fragmentation. This has
led to a lack of awareness about what research is currently being carried out,
and misunderstandings about how different fields can contribute to the design
of usable and secure systems. By drawing interested members of the CHI
community from design, user experience, engineering, and HCI Security, this SIG
will take the first steps towards creating a research agenda for interactive
secure system design. In the SIG, we will summarise recent initiatives to
develop a research programme in interactive secure system design, network
members of the CHI community with an interest in this research area, and
initiate a roadmap towards addressing identified research challenges and
building an interactive secure system design community.
[12]
Invisible design: exploring insights and ideas through ambiguous film
scenarios
Design techniques
/
Briggs, Pam
/
Blythe, Mark
/
Vines, John
/
Lindsay, Stephen
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Nicholson, James
/
Green, David
/
Kitson, Jim
/
Monk, Andrew
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of DIS'12: Designing Interactive Systems
2012-06-11
p.534-543
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: Invisible Design is a technique for generating insights and ideas with
workshop participants in the early stages of concept development. It involves
the creation of ambiguous films in which characters discuss a technology that
is not directly shown. The technique builds on previous work in HCI on
scenarios, persona, theatre, film and ambiguity. The Invisible Design approach
is illustrated with three examples from unrelated projects; Biometric Daemon,
Panini and Smart Money. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of data from
a series of workshops where these Invisible Designs were discussed. The
analysis outlines responses to the films in terms of; existing problems,
concerns with imagined technologies and design speculation. It is argued that
Invisible Design can help to create a space for critical and creative dialogue
during participatory concept development.
[13]
Questionable concepts: critique as resource for designing with eighty
somethings
Participatory design with older people
/
Vines, John
/
Blythe, Mark
/
Lindsay, Stephen
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Monk, Andrew
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2012 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2012-05-05
v.1
p.1169-1178
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: This paper reports findings from a series of participatory design workshops
with ten people over eighty years old. The focus of the workshops was new
banking technologies for the older old. Participants were asked to discuss
their current experiences of banking and given packs of concept cards which
contained design sketches and brief outlines of concepts for new financial
services. The designs on the cards were deliberately provocative and aimed to
encourage criticism and debate. Participants wrote and drew on the cards and
the workshops were recorded and transcribed. The participants were extremely
critical of current banking practices and most of the new concepts we presented
to them. Their questions and comments led to a number of insights and further
iterations. The paper argues that critique is an essential resource for design,
both in terms of identifying problems and iterating ideas.
[14]
Cheque mates: participatory design of digital payments with eighty
somethings
Participatory design with older people
/
Vines, John
/
Blythe, Mark
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Vlachokyriakos, Vasillis
/
Teece, Isaac
/
Monk, Andrew
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2012 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2012-05-05
v.1
p.1189-1198
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: This paper describes a project exploring the design of digital payment
services in collaboration with 16 people aged over 80. Many older people find
cheques valuable as a means of payment but the UK Payments Council recently
proposed their abolition. We describe two designs that simultaneously aimed to
preserve and augment the paper cheque as a means of making electronic payments.
These were devised during participatory design workshops through critical
dialogues with our eighty something participants. Workshop discussions resulted
in the creation of a real world cheque system where we issued pre-paid cheques
without the involvement of banks. This work informed the development of a
digital cheque book based on Anoto digital pen technology. The work illustrates
the value of participatory design with 'extraordinary' users, such as the
eighty somethings, in HCI.
[15]
A security assessment of tiles: a new portfolio-based graphical
authentication system
Work-in-progress
/
Nicholson, James
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Coventry, Lynne
/
Briggs, Pamela
/
Olivier, Patrick
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'12 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2012-05-05
v.2
p.1967-1972
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: In this paper we propose Tiles, a graphical authentication system in which
users are assigned a target image and subsequently asked to select segments of
that image. We assess the extent to which this system provides protection
against two security threats: observation attacks and sharing of authentication
credentials in two laboratory-based studies. We note some of the
vulnerabilities of the new system but provide evidence that automated
manipulation of the similarity of the decoy images can help mitigate the threat
from verbal sharing and observation attacks.
[16]
The joy of cheques: trust, paper and eighty somethings
Ethnography in the very wild
/
Vines, John
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Blythe, Mark
/
Lindsay, Stephen
/
Monk, Andrew
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of ACM CSCW'12 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
2012-02-11
v.1
p.147-156
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: A cheque is a paper document that orders the transfer of money between bank
accounts. Whilst an eighty-year-old in the UK is predicted on average to live
at least another ten years, cheques may not. Despite many older peoples
extensive use of cheques, UK banks are eager to abolish them and design
electronic alternatives that are less costly to process and less vulnerable to
fraud. This paper reports on two qualitative studies that explored the banking
experiences of 23 people over eighty years old. Cheques support financial
collaboration with others in ways that digital payment systems do not. We argue
that whilst it might be possible to improve the design of digital payment
systems to better support financial collaboration, the case for retaining and
enhancing cheques is stronger. Rather than replace cheques, we must design ways
of making them less costly to process and better linked to electronic payment
methods.
[17]
Taking as an act of sharing
Mediating communication
/
Mentis, Helena M.
/
Lindley, Siân E.
/
Taylor, Stuart
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Regan, Tim
/
Harper, Richard
Proceedings of ACM CSCW'12 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
2012-02-11
v.1
p.1091-1100
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: We present findings from the deployment of a mobile application, Take and
Give, which allows users to place image files in a virtual folder or 'Pocket'
on a mobile phone. This content can be viewed by a set of 'Buddies', who can,
if they wish, attempt to take ownership of a file for themselves, following
which they can keep it, delete it, or place it in the Pocket of someone else.
There is only one version of each file, creating a twist on traditional sharing
technologies. We report findings from a three week trial of the application in
an office space, and describe how Take and Give provided a means of
self-presentation and supported a sense of awareness, mutual attentiveness and
connectedness. Our findings suggest that the taking of unique content can be an
engaging form of sharing and can facilitate awareness and connectedness between
people.
[18]
Eighty something: banking for the older old
Different perspectives
/
Vines, John
/
Blythe, Mark
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Monk, Andrew
Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
2011-07-04
p.64-73
© Copyright 2011 Authors
Summary: An eighty year old today is expected on average to live well beyond the year
2020. However the needs of the older old are seldom considered in relation to
current and future banking services. This paper documents a qualitative study
investigating the meaning of money to a group of eighty somethings (people aged
over 80). Participants were asked to tell their financial life stories. This
focus on biography allowed them to relate rich narratives that indicated
enduring values and concerns. Interviews with twelve participants as well as
carers and financial experts were transcribed and analysed using a grounded
theory technique. The key themes that emerged from these data were:
materiality, control, locality and transferability. We discuss the implications
of this study in reference to the next stage of design and policy focused
research that aims to benefit the broader community.
[19]
A closer look at recognition-based graphical passwords on mobile devices
Passwords and accounts
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Heiner, Andreas P.
/
Asokan, N.
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
2010-07-14
p.3
Keywords: graphical passwords, mobile devices, shoulder surfing
© Copyright 2010 ACM
Summary: Graphical password systems based on the recognition of photographs are
candidates to alleviate current over-reliance on alphanumeric passwords and
PINs. However, despite being based on a simple concept -- and user evaluations
consistently reporting impressive memory retention -- only one commercial
example exists and overall take-up is low. Barriers to uptake include a
perceived vulnerability to observation attacks; issues regarding deployability;
and the impact of innocuous design decisions on security not being formalized.
Our contribution is to dissect each of these issues in the context of mobile
devices -- a particularly suitable application domain due to their increasing
significance, and high potential to attract unauthorized access. This produces:
1) A novel yet simple solution to the intersection attack that permits greater
variability in login challenges; 2) Detailed analysis of the shoulder surfing
threat that considers both simulated and human testing; 3) A first look at
image processing techniques to contribute towards automated photograph
filtering. We operationalize our observations and gather data in a field
context where decentralized mechanisms of varying entropy were installed on the
personal devices of participants. Across two working weeks success rates
collected from users of a high entropy version were similar to those of a low
entropy version at 77%, and login durations decreased significantly across the
study.
[20]
Multi-touch authentication on tabletops
Input, security, and privacy policies
/
Kim, David
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Briggs, Pam
/
Hook, Jonathan
/
Nicholson, John
/
Nicholson, James
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2010-04-10
v.1
p.1093-1102
Keywords: graphical passwords, multi-touch interaction, shoulder surfing, user
authentication
© Copyright 2010 ACM
Summary: The introduction of tabletop interfaces has given rise to the need for the
development of secure and usable authentication techniques that are appropriate
for the co-located collaborative settings for which they have been designed.
Most commonly, user authentication is based on something you know, but this is
a particular problem for tabletop interfaces, as they are particularly
vulnerable to shoulder surfing given their remit to foster co-located
collaboration. In other words, tabletop users would typically authenticate in
full view of a number of observers. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a
number of novel tabletop authentication schemes that exploit the features of
multi-touch interaction in order to inhibit shoulder surfing. In our pilot work
with users, and in our formal user-evaluation, one authentication scheme --
Pressure-Grid -- stood out, significantly enhancing shoulder surfing resistance
when participants used it to enter both PINs and graphical passwords.
[21]
Securing passfaces for description
Authentication I
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Nicholson, James
/
Olivier, Patrick
Proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
2008-07-23
p.24-35
© Copyright 2008 ACM
Summary: One common practice in relation to alphanumeric passwords is to write them
down or share them with a trusted friend or colleague. Graphical password
schemes often claim the advantage that they are significantly more secure with
respect to both verbal disclosure and writing down. We investigated the reality
of this claim in relation to the Passfaces graphical password scheme. By
collecting a corpus of naturalistic descriptions of a set of 45 faces, we
explored participants' ability to associate descriptions with faces across
three conditions in which the decoy faces were selected: (1) at random; (2) on
the basis of their visual similarity to the target face; and (3) on the basis
of the similarity of the verbal descriptions of the decoy faces to the target
face. Participants were found to perform significantly worse when presented
with visual and verbally grouped decoys, suggesting that Passfaces can be
further secured for description. Subtle differences in both the nature of male
and female descriptions, and male and female performance were also observed.
[22]
Graphical passwords & qualitative spatial relations
Posters
/
Lin, Di
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Olivier, Patrick
/
Yan, Jeff
Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
2007-07-18
p.161-162
Summary: A potential drawback of graphical password schemes is that they are more
vulnerable to shoulder surfing than conventional alphanumeric text passwords.
We present a variation of the Draw-a-Secret scheme originally proposed by
Jermyn et al [1] that is more resistant to shoulder surfing through the use of
a qualitative mapping between user strokes and the password, and the use of
dynamic grids to both obfuscate attributes of the user secret and encourage
them to use different surface realizations of the secret. The use of
qualitative spatial relations relaxes the tight constraints on the
reconstruction of a secret; allowing a range of deviations from the original.
We describe QDAS (Qualitative Draw-A-Secret), an initial implementation of this
graphical password scheme, and the results of an empirical study in which we
examined the memorability of secrets, and their susceptibility to
shoulder-surfing attacks, for both Draw-A-Secret and QDAS.
[23]
Is FacePIN secure and usable?
Posters
/
Dunphy, Paul
/
Yan, Jeff
Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
2007-07-18
p.165-166
Summary: Personal identification numbers (PINs) and hardware tokens are often used
together for authentication purposes, e.g., in financial transactions with ATM
machines. However, many people cannot remember their PINs. This has caused
insecure practice, extra management cost, or both. In this paper, we evaluate
FacePIN, a solution proposed to improve the security and memorability of the
PIN scheme.
