topauthor: Carswell_C* : Human-Computer Interaction Bibliography Search

[1] Meet the HFES Journal Editors General Sessions: GS8 -- Meet the HFES Journal Editors / Carswell, C. Melody / DeLucia, Patricia R. / Pritchett, Amy R. / Stuart-Buttle, Carol Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.596

doi 10.1177/1541931214581127

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Summary: The three outstanding HFES journals serve to publish the results of human factors/ergonomics research, case studies, and applications to design. During this panel, each of the HFES journals editors in chief (EIC) will present a brief overview summarizing the unique features and objectives of his or her journal. Attendees will come away with (a) an appreciation for the journal that would be most appropriate for their work, (b) an understanding of the manuscript review process, (c) an awareness of the most common mistakes that authors make when submitting to each of the journals, and (d) tips for increasing the likelihood that a manuscript will ultimately be published. Following the presentations, the EICs will answer questions from the audience.

[2] Development of a Hybrid Reality Display for Welders through Applied Cognitive Task Analysis Interactive Posters & Demos: POS1 -- Interactive Posters & Demos / Seidelman, Will / Lee, Michael / Kent, Travis M. / Carswell, C. Melody / Fu, Bo / Yang, Ruigang Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.1174-1178

doi 10.1177/1541931214581245

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Summary: With the current trend toward semi-autonomous welding systems, the typical duties of a skilled welder are likely to transition from that of manual operator to a more supervisory role. The shifting demands on welders necessitates novel welding displays to support an increased variety of tasks. The current work utilizes applied cognitive task analysis to identify the needs of expert welders, specifically in regards to the identification of important sensory cues useful when monitoring the welding process in real-time. Results are presented in a cognitive demands table in a manner intended to be useful to multidisciplinary teams engaged in the development of future welding platforms.

[3] Can Incongruencies Between Prospective and Retrospective Ease-of-Use Perceptions Affect Post-Use Satisfaction Ratings? Interactive Posters & Demos: POS2 -- Interactive Posters & Demos / Sublette, M. A. / Carswell, C. M. / Seidelman, W. / Lee, M. / Kent, T. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.1314-1317

doi 10.1177/1541931214581274

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Summary: Consumers' expectations about the usability of products may be an important contributor to their overall satisfaction with a design. The purpose of this study was to explore how incongruencies between predicted usability and actual usability of a design affect a user's post-use satisfaction ratings for a design. Participants predicted the usability of two stove designs and then used the designs to perform a task. Interactive stoves had varying degrees of burner-knob s-r compatibility. In general, the relative dissatisfaction associated with the 'hard' design compared to the 'easy' design was dependent on the initial usability prediction of the participant. Participants who initially predicted the design would be difficult-to-use had lower satisfaction ratings for easy-to-use designs than participants who initially predicted the same designs would be easy-to-use. These finding suggests that making a product look easy-to-use may be as important as actually making it easy-to-use, therefore designers should consider designing for both initial impressions of usability as well as actual usability.

[4] Zebra-Striping: Visual Flow in Grid-based Graphic Design Interactive Posters & Demos: POS2 -- Interactive Posters & Demos / Lee, Michael / Kent, Travis / Carswell, C. Melody / Seidelman, Will / Sublette, Michelle Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2014 Annual Meeting 2014-10-27 p.1318-1322

doi 10.1177/1541931214581275

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Summary: Grids, matrices, and tables are commonly used to organize information. A number of design techniques and psychological principles address how viewers' eyes can be guided through a visual work. Designers refer to such objectives as "creating visual flow." One common technique, 'zebra-shading,' is intended to guide eyes through the grid by alternating shaded and unshaded rows or columns. However, the effects of these manipulations have largely not been explored experimentally. We will review the techniques designers use to guide the eyes of their audience, associated psychological foundations, and outline some research done on the graphic design of a specific type of grid: tables. Then, we will describe an experiment wherein participants conducted a visual search task in grids with different shading manipulations. The analysis showed data trending toward improved response time when the target followed the shading.

[5] User centered design of a hybrid-reality display for weld monitoring Works-in-progress / Seidelman, Will / Lee, Michael / Carswell, C. Melody / Kent, Travis / Fu, Bo / Yang, Ruigang Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2014-04-26 v.2 p.2059-2064

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Summary: We present a current multi-study process aimed at developing a hybrid-reality display for use in remote welding. Results from an initial user study and applied cognitive task analysis are discussed along with possible future development directions.

[6] Green Expectations: The Story of a Customizable Lighting Control Panel Designed to Reduce Energy Use Posters: POS1 -- Poster & Demo Interactive Session 1 / Lee, Michael / Carswell, C. Melody / Seidelman, Will / Sublette, Michelle Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.1353-1357

doi 10.1177/1541931213571299

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Summary: Environmental control and sustainability have become increasingly important in the design of workspaces. Lighting systems in particular have undergone many changes through the incorporation of computer-integrated control panels working in tandem with occupancy and light sensors. Such control panels can allow for increased perceived environmental control which has been shown to improve job satisfaction and productivity (Kroner, 1992; O'Neil, 2004). However, these controls must be designed effectively according to a number of principles regarding interaction design, including good stimulus-response compatibility and adherence to population stereotypes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usability of one such control panel being used in a smart, green building, and to see how the shortcomings in the design may force users to default to the most familiar setting, which may not be the most energy efficient.

[7] Haptic Data Visualization and Creative Thought: Beyond Standard Measures of Performance Posters: POS1 -- Poster & Demo Interactive Session 1 / Seidelman, Will / Carswell, C. Melody / Lee, Michael Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.1410-1414

doi 10.1177/1541931213571315

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Summary: Recently, there has been a large push for the use of multimodal interfaces to enhance data visualization. However, supporting data visualization displays with haptic feedback has been slower to develop. In the current paper, we argue that the variables traditionally used by human factors practitioners to assess performance of visualization displays will unfairly bias researchers and designers away from the haptic modality. Instead, researchers will be better served to assess the influence of haptic displays on some of the core strengths of visualization: the depth at which the underlying data may be synthesized and the level to which the display enhances novel or creative hypothesis generation.

[8] The Impact of Aesthetic Design on Bus Shelter Usability Posters: POS2 -- Poster & Demo Interactive Session 2 / Crouch, James / Lee, Michael / Carswell, C. Melody / Patrick, Tyler / Seidelman, Will / Sublette, Michelle Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.1490-1494

doi 10.1177/1541931213571332

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Summary: Public transportation is an important tool for any city with the population to support it. According to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) (2012), between 1995 and 2011, public transportation ridership increased by 34% -- a growth rate higher than the 17% increase in U.S. population and higher than the 22% growth in the use of the nation's highways over the same period. However, even a city with the population to support public transportation will not receive all of its benefits if the implementation is not handled successfully. One requirement for bus transit is that the system be equipped with shelters having minimally the following features: support, visibility, security and information access (Ely, 1998). A field study was conducted to ascertain the impact of these design elements as well as aesthetic pleasantness on users' perceptions of the shelters. Ultimately, our goal is to implement future results in the creation of a needs-based heuristic framework which will aid designers in the formation of functional bus shelters.

[9] Further Explorations of the "White Space" Bias in Users' Anticipation of Task Workload Posters: POS2 -- Poster & Demo Interactive Session 2 / Sublette, M. / Carswell, C. M. / Seidelman, W. / Lee, M. / Seales, W. B. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2013 Annual Meeting 2013-09-30 p.1600-1604

doi 10.1177/1541931213571356

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Summary: As more designers allow users to customize the look and feel of interfaces, users will be required to recognize the implications of their choices on their future performance, comfort, and enjoyment. Understanding the limits of people's predictive capabilities may be an important component in identifying why people choose one product over another based on ease of use or why people have difficulties identifying tasks that can be performed together. The purpose of this study is to further explore users' biases for utilizing the amount of white space in the stimulus as a predictor of task difficulty, to validate discrepancies between predicted task difficulty and performance outcomes found in previous research and the human factors literature, and to identify task-specific strategies that are used to anticipate task difficulty. The study uses the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) in prospective difficulty judgments for these three types of tasks: 1) a stimulus-response compatibility task, 2) a target acquisition task and 3) a perceptual search task. In general, participants predicted lower task demand for designs with more intervening white space. For the visual search task, these estimates of demand were consistent with participants' actual performance reaction times. However, for the stove design and Fitts' tasks participants rated tasks that were likely to result in more errors as less challenging suggesting that the type of task is an important factor in participants' abilities to predict relative task difficulty.

[10] The Design of Product Comparison Tables and its Effects on Decision Making Posters: POS2 -- Posters 2 / Lee, Michael / Carswell, C. Melody / Seidelman, Will / Sublette, Michelle Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012-10-22 p.1654-1658

doi 10.1177/1071181312561331

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Summary: Consumers are constantly presented with new information about new products. The presentation of this information can affect decision making processes by varying the form, organization, and sequence of the information (Kleinmuntz & Schkade, 1993). One organization strategy frequently used in marketing is a product comparison table which allows for side-by-side comparisons to be made. Two decision making heuristics which can occur when using such tables are the 'as-if (AI) heuristic,' where all features are treated 'as if' they are equal in importance or value, and the other is the 'elimination-by-aspect (EBA) heuristic,' where a preferred feature must be present for an alternative to be considered further. One design manipulation that could affect such heuristics when using a table is shading. When applying the Proximity Compatibility Principle (PCP) and theories of visual search, it is easy to see how shading can influence or shape the perceptual acquisition of information and, in turn, affect decision making strategies. This research looked at shading orientation and its effects on decision making during a guided choice task. The study of spontaneous choice is ongoing.

[11] Interval Production as a Secondary Task Workload Measure: Consideration of Primary Task Demands for Interval Selection Posters: POS2 -- Posters 2 / Seidelman, Will / Carswell, C. Melody / Grant, Russell C. / Sublette, Michelle / Lio, Cindy H. / Seales, Brent Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012-10-22 p.1664-1668

doi 10.1177/1071181312561333

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Summary: Twenty-eight participants performed a surgical training primary task along with a concurrent time estimation (interval production) secondary task. Fourteen participants were given a primary task that varied in motor demand; the other fourteen performed a primary task that varied in cognitive demand. Time estimation is an attractive option as a workload measure due to its low cost and ease of implementation. Currently it is unclear whether the structure of task demands influences the sensitivity of time estimation tasks that use different intervals. The sensitivity of both a short (3 second) and long (21 second) interval were observed in tasks that differed in level of workload. Results indicated that short intervals were more sensitive to changes in motor workload while long intervals displayed more sensitivity to changes in cognitive demand.

[12] A First Look at Identifying Strategies People Use in Making Predictions about Task Demand Posters: POS4 -- Posters 4 / Sublette, M. A. / Carswell, C. M. / W. Seidelman?, A Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012-10-22 p.1867-1871

doi 10.1177/1071181312561376

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Summary: As shopping from online retailers continues to increase, designers need to be aware of the strategies consumers are using to predict the ease-of-use of products based on appearance. The following study investigates the influence of task type (stimulus-response compatibility task, target-acquisition task, perceptual-search task) on these strategies. The results suggest that for abstract tasks (motor and search), participants are relying on elements in or interactions with the actual stimulus such as the predicted time to complete the task and the number of items in the stimulus. However for tasks that are more concrete (using a stove), participants rely on their past experiences and familiarity with the task to predict task difficulty.

[13] A "White-Space" Effect in Users' Anticipation of the Challenges Involved in Using Everyday Products Posters: POS1 - Posters 1 / Sublette, M. / Carswell, C. M. / Seidelman, W. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011-09-19 p.1313-1317

doi: 10.1177/1071181311551273

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Summary: Although the use of prospective workload judgments (i.e., judgments obtained from users prior to any actual interaction with a product) may be appealing for a variety of logistical reasons, a growing literature highlights the biases and metacognitive misconceptions that sometimes lead such judgments to be far from what is found in post-performance evaluations. The current study uses the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) in a prospective workload judgment task that employs two familiar stimulus sets from the human factors literature as to-be-rated designs: 1) control-burner arrangements on cooktops, and 2) control layouts for pointing tasks that vary in terms of Fitts' Law parameters. Participants made reliable errors (compared to known performance outcomes) when judging both stimulus sets. In general, lower workload judgments were associated with designs that had greater intervening white space between controls and displays/targets.

[14] Do Operators Take Advantage of A Secondary, Global-Perspective Display when Performing a Simulated Laparoscopic Search Task? Posters: POS4 - Posters 4 / Sublette, M. / Carswell, C. M. / Seidelman, W. / Grant, R. / Han, Q. / Field, M. / Lio, C. H. / Lee, G. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011-09-19 p.1626-1630

doi: 10.1177/1071181311551339

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Summary: Multi-display surgical environments have the potential to increase performance and efficiency while decreasing errors and workload. However as more and more information is required for complex task execution and decision making, we must continually assess how the information is presented and whether we are helping or hindering surgeons by providing more content. Most laparoscopic surgeries are performed utilizing a single, two-dimensional (2-D) display. In the current experiment, we compared display usage, subjective workload, and workload measured via eye-tracking data to determine the effectiveness of an additional three-dimensional (3-D) display for a simulated surgical search task. We found that while participants did use the additional display in less demanding conditions (e.g., with fewer search targets), they did not use the supplemental display in conditions with greater demands, and they did not receive a substantial benefit from the presence of the supplemental display in either condition. Both increased saccades per target and increased perceived workload via the NASA-TLX provided support that more workload was experienced in conditions with more targets. And while participants did perceive decreased workload for more targets when the 3-D display was available, eye-tracking metrics were not consistent with participants' subjective workload estimates. Since subjective workload ratings may be influenced by expectancies for benefits for the additional display, future research should attempt to understand this workload dissociation as well as breakdowns in the usage of supplemental displays as a function of task difficulty.

[15] Potential Performance Costs Associated with Large-Format Tiled Displays For Surgical Visualization POSTERS: POS1 -- Posters 1 / Seidelman, Will / Carswell, C. Melody / Lio, Cindy H. / Grant, Russell C. / Sublette, Michelle / Field, Matt / Seales, Brent / Clarke, Duncan Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010-09-27 v.54 p.1430-1434

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Summary: Twenty-five participants performed a surgical training task on a large format display created from one projector or by tiling the images from a 4-, or 9-projector array. Utilizing a large-format display consisting of tiled projector images brings the potential benefits of increased display size with the potential threats to performance of inherent visual artifacts. The effect of these artifacts on performance and subjective workload was assessed. Results indicate that while display size did not affect performance on the surgical task, differences in mental workload were observed. Although a global measure of workload indicated that the tiled displays were the least demanding to use, participants reported deploying additional but highly specific cognitive resources when using these same displays. Their resource shifts seemed to involve adjustments to the perceived control gains created by enhanced size and also degraded ability to compare target sizes in the larger display, possibly due to the obscuring effect of tile edges.

[16] THE OPERATING ROOM AS CLASSROOM: UNDERSTANDING COGNITIVE CHALLENGES FACING SURGICAL TRAINEES POSTERS: POS3 -- Posters 3 / Lio, Cindy H. / Carswell, C. Melody / Strup, Stephen E. / Roth, John S. / Grant, Russell Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010-09-27 v.54 p.1571-1575

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Summary: Naturalistic observations of two fifth-year surgical trainees in the OR revealed that they struggled with specific tasks during several seemingly straightforward laparoscopic surgical procedures. Retrospective think-aloud reports of the trainees and their attending surgeons on those tasks in video clips and NASATLX ratings further shed lights on trainees' specific challenges. Results showed that trainees' inadequate cognitive skills rather than poor technical skills could be their greatest hindrance in performing those tasks. Specifically, the trainees seemed to focus their attention on immediate urgent tasks and failed to plan strategically for action sequences or manipulations. NASA-TLX results further showed that trainees and attending surgeons differed in their perceptions of effort, performance, and frustration in performing those isolated tasks. These preliminary data suggested that a gap exists between trainees and the more experienced surgeons on their attention allocation strategies, which may indicate the need to emphasize cognitive skills training such as multitasking during the practice of surgical skills outside the OR.

[17] Dual-View Displays for Minimally Invasive Surgery: Does the Addition of a 3-D Global View Decrease Mental Workload POSTERS: POS3 -- Posters 3 / Sublette, M. / Carswell, C. M. / Han, Q. / Grant, R. / Lio, C. H. / Lee, G. / Field, M. / Staley, D. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010-09-27 v.54 p.1581-1585

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Summary: Technological innovations are at the forefront of advances in minimally invasive surgery. Reduced visual and haptic cues, along with frame-of-reference problems with location and scale can cause surgeons to become disoriented. While most laparoscopic surgeries are performed via the use of a limited, single-scope, two-dimensional (2-D) view presented on a monitor in the operating room, there is demand for the availability of three-dimensional (3-D), global views. We compared workload, task-completion time, and the ability to recreate spatial mental representations between study participants who used the current scopeview display and those who used a dual-view display that included both the scope view and a computationally generated global view. We found no statistically reliable improvements for the dual-view display over the single-view display for any of our criterion measures, although trends were toward a dual-view advantage for workload in all tasks and accuracy in the reconstruction task, despite participants' claims that they did not utilize the global view during the experiment. Future research is needed to better understand the information available on global views that can enhance performance during surgical tasks and participants' decisions regarding when to use different views to support their performance.

[18] Anticipating Workload: Which Facets of Task Difficulty are Easiest to Predict POSTERS: POS4 -- Posters 4 / Sublette, M. / Carswell, C. M. / Grant, R. / Seidelman, W. / Clark, D. / Seales, B. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010-09-27 v.54 p.1704-1708

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Summary: Prospective workload measures are used to assess individuals' expectations about tasks they are facing, how difficult they think the tasks will be and how well they expect to perform. In this study, 43 participants used the NASA-TLX subjective workload scale to predict the difficulty of surgical training tasks. The goal of the study was to determine the accuracy of their predictions and whether the act of assessing tasks before performing them affected their judgments post-performance. Regarding initial performance, results showed that participants formed prospective judgments that were consistent with their retrospective judgments, but they underestimated physical demands. After only minimal practice, however, their retrospective judgments deviated from both the experimental group's initial predictions and the control group's initial retrospective assessments. Anticipating mental demand was particularly challenging. No significant differences were found between the control and experimental conditions for post-performance assessments, suggesting that pre-performance assessment of workload has no effect of post-performance judgment of task difficulty.

[19] Using Formal Qualitative Methods to Guide Early Development of an Augmented Reality Display System for Surgery POSTERS / Lio, C. H. / Carswell, C. M. / Han, Q. / Park, A. / Strup, S. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. / Lee, G. / Hoskins, J. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.1181-1185

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Summary: Nine laparoscopic surgical experts (2 residents, 4 fellows, and 3 surgeons) underwent semi-structured interview questions to evaluate the concept of a "dual-view" display for laparoscopic surgery. The 30-40 minute audio-recorded interviews were transcribed, submitted to an open source qualitative program for classification and categorizing, and were condensed for the iterative processes of analysis and interpretation. Findings revealed that despite the relatively brief interview sessions and limited number of surgical experts available, the experts provided sufficient insights and suggestions to guide further development of prototypes. This means that the use of semi-structured interviews as an expert knowledge elicitation technique may be suitable for assessing the development of augmented reality display systems for surgical and training applications, and it may have promise for the development of augmented and virtual environments more genially.

[20] A Mental Workload Study on the 2d and 3d Viewing Conditions of the da Vinci Surgical Robot POSTERS / Klein, Martina I. / Lio, Cindy H. / Grant, Russel / Carswell, C. Meldoy / Strup, Stephen Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.1186-1190

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Summary: Fifteen medical students performed a standard training task using the da Vinci Surgical robot's 2d and 3d viewing conditions. Measures of mental workload associated with both viewing conditions were assessed using a secondary interval production task as well as the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and the Multiple Resources Questionnaire (MRQ). The Results of the NASA-TLX indicated that the 3d viewing condition results in lower scores of mental workload when compared to the 2d condition. The MRQ data provided diagnostic information regarding which information processing pools were stressed in both the 2d and 3d viewing conditions.

[21] Verbal Time Production as a Secondary Task: Which Metrics and Target Intervals are Most Sensitive to Workload for Fine Motor Laparoscopic Training Tasks? POSTERS / Grant, Russell C. / Carswell, C. Melody / Lio, Cindy H. / Seales, Brent / Clarke, Duncan Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.1191-1195

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Summary: Although time production is frequently used as a secondary task, research has not thoroughly investigated whether the length of the to-be-produced interval or the metric used to summarize productions affects sensitivity to mental workload. Fourteen participants produced four target intervals (6, 11, 16, or 21 s) while performing a surgical training task that required putting small beads into a cup (easy) or onto a peg (difficult). Intervals were summarized into two metrics of central tendency and four metrics of dispersion previously used in the literature. Results indicate that metrics of central tendency and shorter target intervals are more sensitive to mental workload.

[22] Anticipated vs. Experienced Workload: How Accurately Can People Predict Task Demand? POSTERS / Sublette, M. / Carswell, C. M. / Grant, R. / Klein, M. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009-10-19 v.53 p.1383-1387

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Summary: The NASA-TLX subjective workload assessment is typically used immediately following a participant's performance in an experimental task to assess the workload experienced. However, it is sometimes necessary to assess the anticipated workload of a task before the task is actually performed. This study compares the workload assessments of participants who performed two minimally invasive surgical training tasks to participants who only saw descriptions of the two tasks. Results showed that participants who were asked to rate the anticipated workload underestimated the overall workload required for the "cannulation" task, while overestimating the overall workload required for the rope task. Interactions between task type and condition also were found in three of the NASA-TLX subscales (mental demand, effort, and frustration). Overall, the reliability of participants' prediction of the difficulty depended on the task being evaluated and the particular measure of difficulty that was being assessed. In general, physical facets of workload appeared to be more accurately assessed than cognitive facets.

[23] Equivalent-Forms Reliability of Printed and Spoken Versions of the NASA-TLX POSTERS: Workload / Stressors / Grant, R. / Carswell, C. M. / Lio, C. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting 2008-09-22 v.52 p.1532-1535

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Summary: Sixty-four participants provided subjective workload assessments after each of 15 trials of selected laparoscopic training tasks, including cannulation, ring transfer, and rope inspection. Half of the participants responded to the NASA-TLX using the traditional printed format with manual (written) responses. The remainder listened to auditory scale cues and made vocal responses. A comparison of the two formats revealed strong (r > .80) correlations and equivalent sensitivity to task and training effects, indicating that the vocal format may be a suitable substitute for traditional administration methods in the evaluation of surgical technology.

[24] Geospatial Perspective-Taking: How Well Do Decision Makers Choose Their Views? POSTERS: Poster Session 3 / Bailey, Kyle / Carswell, C. Melody / Grant, Rusty / Basham, Luke Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting 2007-10-01 v.51 p.1246-1248

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Summary: Today decision makers may benefit from richer sources of data and a wider variety of visualization tools than ever. However, the extent to which individuals make adequate use of a "toolkit" of visualization modes -- choosing the right formats to support different task demands -- has received relatively little attention. In the present study, a sample of 43 participants learned to perform three decision-making tasks with a five geospatial formats or "views." When allowed to choose their own views prior to beginning different tasks, few participants spontaneously selected those displays that would provide the greatest performance support. Most participants fell prey to "naïve realism" (a preference for realistic-looking displays) or "viewpoint inertia" (a preference for familiar map-like displays). These data suggest that greater attention needs to be given to the training of basic visualization skills as well as possibly limiting display choices in some contexts.

[25] Using Global Implicit Measurement Strategies to Assess Situation Awareness during the Training of Laparoscopic Surgical Skills POSTERS: Poster Session 3 / Lio, C. H. / Carswell, C. M. / Seales, W. B. / Clarke, D. / Kurs, Y. / Decuir, J. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 51st Annual Meeting 2007-10-01 v.51 p.1280-1282

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Summary: How well does a global implicit measure assess situation awareness in an elementary laparoscopic training scenario? Nine volunteers threaded as many orange, purple, and blue foam rings as possible onto a pegboard during 2-minute trials. They used a pair of 5mm laparoscopic surgical graspers in an endoscopy training simulator to perform the task. Ring sizes were identical for all colors in the first three trials but were of different inner diameters for the remaining six trials. This switch was never mentioned to participants. Workload measures were collected for each trial and included a subjective measure (NASA-TLX) and a secondary-task method (interval productions). Results indicated that interval productions, but not the NASA-TLX, showed evidence of a workload spike at the time that situation awareness was first manifested in performance. These preliminary data suggest that a global implicit measure can be used for evaluating SA in a relatively simple environment.