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The Social Side of Software Platform Ecosystems Software and Programming Tools / de Souza, Cleidson R. B. / Filho, Fernando Figueira / Miranda, Müller / Ferreira, Renato Pina / Treude, Christoph / Singer, Leif Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.3204-3214
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Software ecosystems as a paradigm for large-scale software development encompass a complex mix of technical, business, and social aspects. While significant research has been conducted to understand both the technical and business aspects, the social aspects of software ecosystems are less well understood. To close this gap, this paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at understanding the influence of social aspects on developers' participation in software ecosystems. We conducted 25 interviews with mobile software developers and an online survey with 83 respondents from the mobile software development community. Our results point out a complex social system based on continued interaction and mutual support between different actors, including developers, friends, end users, developers from large companies, and online communities. These findings highlight the importance of social aspects in the sustainability of software ecosystems both during the initial adoption phase as well as for long-term permanence of developers.

Making Decisions About Digital Legacy with Google's Inactive Account Manager Affective HCI and Emotions and Motivational Aspects / Prates, Raquel O. / Rosson, Mary Beth / de Souza, Clarisse S. Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'15: Human-Computer Interaction, Part I 2015-09-14 v.1 p.201-209
Keywords: Digital legacy; Anticipation; Configuration settings; Future impact
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: As information systems become more integrated into everyday use, people generate and store significant data through their lifetimes. Only recently have researchers and companies started to pay attention to digital legacy issues. Google has been one of the first companies to support users in planning the future of their digital assets through Google Inactive Account Manager (IAM). In this work, we present a systematic analysis of IAM and discuss how it structures users' digital legacy decision space and deals with challenges regarding future impact of these decisions.

Mediation and Meaning in HCI Workshops / Bødker, Susanne / Bertelsen, Olav W. / Bannon, Liam / de Souza, Clarisse / Barbosa, Simone / Prates, Raquel Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'15: Human-Computer Interaction, Part IV 2015-09-14 v.4 p.667-668
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: This workshop is about computer mediation in human communication and action. The proponents all look at mediation from different angles, but share the view that meaning is what mediation is about. We aim to dig beneath the surface and touch on the conception, construction, negotiation and evolution of meaning in and of technology, for producers and consumers, before and after technology is deployed. Mediation and meaning will thus allow us to discuss how different segments and perspectives in HCI research can be brought together to give us new insights about how people interact with technology.

Doing CSCW Research in Latin America: Differences, Opportunities, Challenges, and Lessons Learned Workshops / de Paula, Rogério / de Souza, Cleidson / Millen, David / Borges, Marcos / Randall, David Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2015 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing 2015-03-14 v.2 p.297-302
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: The authors of this proposal are members of an informal committee currently planning CSCW 2017 in Brazil. As we get set for this event, it is paramount to enroll a broader number of CSCW researchers in Latin America (LA) in the broader CSCW community. CSCW research in LA has been active since the mid 1990's although largely disconnected from the broader international CSCW. It is critical to acknowledge this history and collectively understand how the CSCW community can learn from CSCW in LA and how LA researchers can be better represented in and integrated into international CSCW. The goal of this workshop is twofold. First, to provide a forum for researchers working in LA to present their work for the international CSCW community, and second, to allow the international CSCW community to understand the issues around doing CSCW research in LA. Senior discussants will be invited to discuss the work of LA researchers and introduce key issues from their regions, therefore facilitating the cross-region conversations among participants.

Experimenting on the cognitive walkthrough with users Industrial case studies / Lira, Wallace / Ferreira, Renato / de Souza, Cleidson / Carvalho, Schubert Proceedings of 2014 Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services 2014-09-23 p.613-618
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper presents a case study aiming to investigate which variant of the Think-Aloud Protocol (i.e., the Concurrent Think-Aloud and the Retrospective Think-Aloud) better integrates with the Cognitive Walkthrough with Users. To this end we performed a case study that involved twelve users and one usability evaluator. Usability problems uncovered by each method were evaluated to help us understand the strengths and weaknesses of the studied usability testing methods. The results suggest that 1) the Cognitive Walkthrough with Users integrates equally well with both the Think-Aloud Protocol variants; 2) the Retrospective Think-Aloud find more usability problems and 3) the Concurrent Think-Aloud is slightly faster to perform and was more cost effective. However, this is only one case study, and further research is needed to verify if the results are actually statistically significant.

An Alternative Design Perspective for Technology Supporting Youngsters with Autism Augmented Cognition for Health and Rehabilitation / Braz, Priscilla / David, Viviane Felipe / Raposo, Alberto / Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius FAC 2014: 8th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Advancing Human Performance and Decision-Making through Adaptive Systems 2014-06-22 p.279-287
Keywords: Autism; Prototyping; Semiotic Engineering; Meta-design
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: People with autism present several disabilities in communication, social interaction and behavioral fields. There is a wide variation among these individuals and it is essential to develop therapies and materials customized for them. There are many design approaches in Human-Computer Interaction, but most of them present some limitations for designing to this audience. We conducted a study using paper prototyping with children with autism in order to contribute to the design of software for them. In this paper, we report some limitations in using this technique and the need for customizing applications for the individual who will use them. Reflecting on these needs and analyzing approaches to interface design, we present and discuss a proposal for a design methodology that combines Meta-design and Semiotic Engineering.

Global software development in a CSCW perspective Workshop summaries / Bjorn, Pernille / Bardram, Jakob / Avram, Gabriela / Bannon, Liam / Boden, Alexander / Redmiles, David / de Souza, Cleidson / Wulf, Volker Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2014 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing 2014-02-15 v.2 p.301-304
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Global software development (GSD) has been an important research topic in the CSCW community for more than two decades. CSCW has helped identify a significant number of challenges and solutions for handling distances in time, space and culture in distributed software engineering environments. However, no comprehensive collected body of knowledge concerning research on GSD from a CSCW perspective exists yet. The goal of this workshop is to bring together researchers and practitioners who have studied GSD from a CSCW perspective, and provide an overview of current findings and future challenges. In the workshop, we will facilitate group discussions across the diverse groups of researchers coming from ethnographic studies of software development practices and design studies of CSCW tools and processes for GSD. The goal is to provide an overview of current research, which in turn may form the basis for joint publications or an edited book.

HCI community in Brazil -- sweet 16! Community / Prates, Raquel O. / Barbosa, Simone / Silveira, Milene S. da / de Souza, Clarisse S. / Baranauskas, Cecília / Maciel, Cristiano / Furtado, Elizabeth / Anacleto, Junia / Melo, Paulo / Kujala, Tuomo interactions 2013-11 v.20 n.6 p.80-81
ACM Digital Library Link

Going back and forth in metacommunication threads Designers and users / Monteiro, Ingrid Teixeira / Tolmasquim, Eduardo Tiomno / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Proceedings of the 2013 Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-10-08 p.102-111
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper presents an exploratory study about how savvy end users configure return points in mediated interactions with Web applications through WNH (Web Navigation Helper), a user agent that supports rephrasing, explanation, commentary and elaboration of interaction in scripted Web activities. The study is part of a long-term research on self-expression through software programming. Savvy users creating mediation dialogs for the benefit of other users (third parties) are actually engaged in a human-computer interaction (HCI) design process involved in end user development (EUD). The study shows that decisions about when, where, how and why to go back to previous points in the design of mediated conversation with WNH are very complex, even for savvy users. More importantly, we collected powerful evidence of the participants' interpretation of what interaction through WNH is all about. We believe that such evidence stands for their intuitions about HCI in a broader sense. The main contribution of the study is thus to illuminate aspects of EUD and HCI that haven't been discussed to-date and to propose questions for new kinds of investigation.

Uma introdução à engenharia semiótica: conceitos e métodos Tutorials / Leitão, Carla Faria / Silveira, Milene Seibach / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Proceedings of the 2013 Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-10-08 p.356-358
Languages: Portuguese
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Este minicurso apresenta uma introdução da Engenharia Semiótica, teoria de IHC criada no Brasil. Centrada nos fenômenos de significação e comunicação, ela é particularmente atraente para as aplicações interativas contemporâneas. O minicurso visa possibilitar aos participantes a aquisição de uma sólida visão de conjunto da ontologia e dos métodos propostos pela teoria, o que lhes facultará aprofundar conhecimentos, conforme suas necessidades ou interesses. É dirigido tanto para profissionais de mercado quanto para estudantes e pesquisadores, incluindo no programa de 6 horas atividades práticas para a fixação de conceitos.

On signifying the complexity of inter-agent relations in agentsheets games and simulations Papers / Mota, Marcelle P. / Monteiro, Ingrid T. / Ferreira, Juliana J. / Slaviero, Cleyton / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius ACM 2013 International Conference on Design of Communication 2013-09-30 p.133-142
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper reports the results of an empirical study about the semiotic engineering of signs of complexity for live documentation of games and simulations built with a visual programming learning environment. The study highlights the essence of the semiotic engineering process and shows how its outcome has been received by a group of users who can speak for a large portion of the live documentation system's user population. It also shows how the communication of complexity is, in and of itself, a major design challenge, especially when mastering complexity is one of the prime purposes of the documented object. Because the study was carried out in the context of a live documentation system, its conclusions can also illustrate how to conduct semiotically-inspired interaction design.

Communicating Ideas in Computer-Supported Modeling Tasks: A Case Study with BPMN User Interface Design and Development Methods and Environments / Ferreira, Juliana Jansen / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius HCI International 2013: 15th International Conference on HCI, Part I: Human-Centred Design Approaches, Methods, Tools, and Environments 2013-07-21 v.1 p.320-329
Keywords: Computer-supported modeling; Semiotic engineering methods; Cognitive dimensions of notations; Discourse analysis; Communication; Modeling notation; BPMN
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: The communication role of models in Software Engineering is widely acknowledged. Models tell model users what model builders propose. Computer-supported modeling (CSMod) traditionally concentrates on helping users build models with various kinds of notations. Although such focus on 'representation' is obviously important for the overall 'communication' goal, some design features in CSMod tools may be yet unexplored. This paper presents a study with the use of ARIS EXPRESS in modeling tasks with Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). We report on how we combined various methods to analyze the way in which this tool supports 'communication through models'. Our findings articulate semiotic and cognitive aspects of notations with evidence provided by study participants during tasks and interviews. Our contribution lies not only in the findings, and how CSMod design can evolve in relatively unexplored ways, but also in our methodology, which we believe can be used in similar contexts.

Metacommunication and Semiotic Engineering: Insights from a Study with Mediated HCI Design Philosophy / Monteiro, Ingrid Teixeira / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius / Leitão, Carla Faria DUXU 2013: 2nd International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability, Part I: Design Philosophy, Methods, and Tools 2013-07-21 v.1 p.115-124
Keywords: Semiotic engineering; computer-mediated human communication; end-user development; mediated web navigation
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: Semiotic perspectives on HCI take human-computer interaction as a special case of computer-mediated human communication. Through the interface, systems designers communicate to users their design vision as well as how the system can or should be used for a variety of purposes. To date, there hasn't been enough empirical research in HCI exploring this complex phenomenon. This paper reports an empirical research about metacommunication in HCI and discusses how and why semiotically-inspired research can contribute to advance knowledge in this field. The aim of the discussion is to motivate and justify more research projects in this interdisciplinary territory and to present semiotic engineering concepts and tools that can be used to carry them out.

Using Mediated Communication to Teach Vocational Concepts to Deaf Users Universal Access to Learning and Education / Monteiro, Ingrid Teixeira / Alves, Aline da Silva / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius UAHCI 2013: 7th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, Part III: Applications and Services for Quality of Life 2013-07-21 v.3 p.213-222
Keywords: Mediated communication; deaf learners; vocational education
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: This paper presents an in-depth study on how a small group of deaf users reacted while learning abstract vocational concepts in the domain of librarianship, using mediated interaction supported by WNH, a Web Navigation Helper. WNH's purpose is to allow helpers to create mediation dialogs to enable or facilitate helpees' online interaction with Web pages. In our study, deaf employees at a Brazilian library were taught a lesson especially designed for WNH by a deaf librarian who is fluent in Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) and Portuguese. Among the results we were able to see the huge gaps between what a library is for our deaf participants and what it is for non-deaf library professionals and customers. We could also appreciate the role of technologies like WNH in preparing deaf users to interact with Web systems in professional settings.

Semiotic perspectives on interactive languages for life on the screen Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 2013-06 v.24 n.3 p.218-221
Keywords: Computer semiotics
Keywords: Interactive languages
Keywords: Computer languages
Keywords: Virtual self-representation
Link to Article at sciencedirect
Summary: Cross-disciplinary research involving semiotics and computer science is rare. With the Web 2.0, contemporary activities of users can be properly described as real 'life on the screen'. One of the challenges for the design of interactive languages is to support these activities and to express the much wider variety of meanings that users want to exchange through and with software. As the discipline whose aim is to investigate meanings, through representation and interpretation processes, semiotics is remarkably well-positioned to contribute with new knowledge in our field. This viewpoint article examines the reasons why in spite of this positioning, semiotics remains unpopular among researchers interested in interactive computer languages. In particular, it proposes that a semiotic approach can help us think about computer languages to represent our individual and collective 'selves' on the screen.

Trust in virtual teams: theory and tools Workshop summaries / Al-Ani, Ban / Redmiles, David / de Souza, Cleidson R. B. / Prikladnicki, Rafael / Marczak, Sabrina / Lanubile, Filippo / Calefato, Fabio Proceedings of ACM CSCW'13 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2013-02-23 v.2 p.301-306
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: We present a workshop in which trust in virtual teams is the central theme. Trust is essential for effective and efficient collaborations to take place and is more challenging when people are unable to meet face-to-face. The workshop aims to generate discussions which address three key issues within this general theme: 1) the factors that engender and inhibit trust, 2) the structure of a trust framework, 3) and the requirements for software tools that support the development of trust during virtual collaborations.

A Vocabulary to Access Users' Cultural Perspectives in Human-Computer Interaction User Preferences and Behaviour / Ferreira, Catia Maria Dias / Salgado, Luciana Cardoso de Castro / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'13: Human-Computer Interaction-4 2013 v.4 p.314-322
Keywords: Cross-cultural evaluation; Culture; Cultural Viewpoint Metaphors
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: This paper presents research carried out to explore the implications of giving users a specific vocabulary to express their perceptions and opinions about opportunities to make contact with cultural diversity in human-computer interaction. This two-step study is part of a broader research project that aims at investigating users' perceptions and reactions when interacting with cross-cultural systems. Our current findings point at the expressive power of the proposed vocabulary and the promising outcomes of using it in the interaction design cycle of cross-cultural systems.

AUTHORED BOOK A Journey Through Cultures: Metaphors for Guiding the Design of Cross-Cultural Interactive Systems Human-Computer Interaction Series / Salgado, Luciana Cardoso de Castro / Leitão, Carla Faria / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius 2013 n.5 p.125 Springer London
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4114-3
ISBN: 978-1-4471-4113-6 (print), 978-1-4471-4114-3 (online)
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Introduction (1-18)
Semiotic Engineering and Culture (19-42)
Cultural Viewpoint Metaphors (43-67)
A Case Study: Re-designing the AVIS Website (69-114)
Final Discussion (115-125)

Documentation comes to life in computational thinking acquisition with agentsheets Emotional aspects of interaction and end-user programming / Mota, Marcelle Pereira / Faria, Leonardo Serra / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Proceedings of the 2012 Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems-1 2012-11-05 v.1 p.151-160
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper is about the use of live documentation in Computational Thinking Acquisition (CTA) programs with AgentSheets. AgentSheets is a visual programming environment to build games. Based on previous studies showing that semiotic relations among visual game elements could be further explored to the benefit of the learners, we designed PoliFacets, a Web extension to AgentSheets cast as a live conversational document. With it, teachers and learners can follow different threads of conversation about (multiple representations of) game elements and relations between them. We present a qualitative evaluation study of PoliFacets with two experienced AgentSheets instructors and three school teachers trained to coach students in CTA programs. Findings show that although our system has not yet completely fulfilled our design intent, it has led participants to gain relevant insights about their teaching and learning, as well as to articulating doubts and misunderstandings that otherwise could have gone unnoticed.

Can the teaching of HCI contribute for the learning of computer science the case of semiotic engineering methods Teaching, impact and challenges in IHC / Bim, Silvia Amélia / Leitão, Carla Faria / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Proceedings of the 2012 Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems-1 2012-11-05 v.1 p.185-194
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper presents the results of an in-depth qualitative study carried out to investigate the teaching and learning of Semiotic Engineering methods, namely the Semiotic Inspection and the Communicability Evaluation methods. We identified three kinds of abilities that are necessary for a better learning and application of these methods: systematic interpretation, abstraction and wide perspective. We have also identified the relation among these three abilities. In the triangulation step of the research we found that these abilities are also recurrently invoked as necessary to the learning of other Computer Science subjects such as programming, induction, and object-oriented design and development. In conclusion, we suggest that strategies used to teach Semiotic Engineering methods can explicitly explore the connections with other contents in the Computer Science curriculum and thus begin to reap mutual benefits.

The representation of self in mediated interaction with computers Methods, tools and models in HCI / Monteiro, Ingrid Teixeira / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius Proceedings of the 2012 Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems-1 2012-11-05 v.1 p.219-228
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: According to the computers as media perspective, all kinds of software, whether created by expert programmers or end users, carry an implicit or explicit representation of their creators. This paper discusses the representation of the user's self in a study with the Web Navigation Helper (WNH), a user agent designed to support Web navigation through mediation dialogs. In our study, school teachers built mediation dialogs to orient their students while navigating proposed Websites. Our findings show how this specific kind of mediation technology communicated (intentional or unintentional) self-representation and supported self-expression. They also provide insights into how similar mediation technologies can be used in the broader context of computer-supported social participation.

GranDIHC-BR: prospecção de grandes desafios de pesquisa em interação humano-computador no Brasil IHC challenges panel / Baranauskas, M. Cecília C. / de Souza, Clarisse Sieckenius / Pereira, Roberto Proceedings of the 2012 Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems-2 2012-11-05 v.2 p.63-64
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: When the IHC2012 Chairs called us to organize a panel to discuss advances in the SBC Challenges, in particular Challenge n. 4, we were urged to "hear" the HCI community in a more systematic and more localized way, about what this community takes to be an HCI Challenge in the broader context of Brazilian Grand Challenges in Computing. GranDIHC-BR is our proposal to prospect during IHC2012 research questions in the field of Human-Computer Interaction that will be important to science and society over a period of 10 years, extending the reach of the SBC Challenge 4.

Designing an enterprise social tool for cross-boundary communication, coordination, and information sharing Social tools for supporting work -- I / de Souza, Cleidson Ronald B. / Pinhanez, Cláudio S. / Cavalcante, Victor F. / Aluani, Fernando / Daros, Vinicius / Ferreira, Danilo F. / de Paula, Rogério A. ACM 30th International Conference on Design of Communication 2012-10-03 p.55-64
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper discusses the design of a social tool for cross-boundary communication, coordination, and information sharing in a large organization. Based on insights and requirements gathered in qualitative and quantitative studies conducted within the organization, the Live Corkboard, a virtual message board system enhanced with community features and text/history search is proposed as a tool to enhance communication, group awareness, and information sharing and reuse. We describe the requirements for our tool as well as how they influenced our design. The research was conducted in a large IT services delivery company which has recently changed its organizational structure from a customer-centered to a competency-centered model. Focus group evaluation results suggest that the tool will be useful to the employees in the organization.

Characterizing Key Developers: A Case Study with Apache Ant Social Networks and Community Analytics / Oliva, Gustavo Ansaldi / Santana, Francisco W. / de Oliveira, Kleverton C. M. / de Souza, Cleidson R. B. / Gerosa, Marco Aurélio CRIWG 2012: Collaboration and Technology 2012-09-16 p.97-112
Keywords: software architecture; collaboration; socio-technical analysis; mining software repositories; case study
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: The software architecture of a software system and the coordination efforts necessary to create such system are intrinsically related. Making changes to components that a large number of other components rely on, the technical core, is usually difficult due to the complexity of the coordination of all involved developers. However, a distinct group of developers effectively help evolving the technical core of software projects. This group of developers is called key developers. In this paper we describe a case study involving the Apache Ant project aimed to identify and characterize key developers in terms of their volume of contribution and social participation. Our results indicated that only 25% of the developers may be considered as key developers. Results also showed that key developers are often active in the developers' mailing list and often fulfilled the coordination requirements that emerged from their development tasks. Finally, we observed that the set of key developers was indistinguishable from the set of top contributors. We expect that this characterization enables further exploration over contribution patterns and the establishment of profiles of FLOSS key developers.

Wolf: supporting impact analysis activities in distributed software development / Figueiredo, Mayara C. / de Souza, Cleidson R. B. Proceedings of the 2012 International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering 2012-06-02 p.40-46
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Software development activities face several challenges when they take place in geographically distributed settings. These challenges are often related to communication, collaboration and, especially, information diffusion among team members. This is especially important in impact analysis activities where all stakeholders need to align their work to understand the impact of a change. To properly support this, it is necessary to understand the different ways in which impact analysis activities are performed. In our previous work we identified two views of impact analysis: an organizational and an individual view. The first view is important for managers to understand the impact of the changes in the activities of the team, whereas the second refers to the developers' strategies to deal with the impact of changes in their daily work. This paper discusses these views and based on them describes a tool, called Wolf, to support impact analysis activities. Our tool, based on semi-automatically generated traceability links, provides different visualizations to support communication, collaboration and information diffusion among stakeholders thereby facilitating impact analysis activities in geographically distributed settings.
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