Hot Under the Collar: Mapping Thermal Feedback to Dimensional Models of
Emotion
Detecting User Emotion
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Dobrev, Dobromir
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.4838-4849
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: There are inherent associations between temperature and emotion in language,
cognition and subjective experience [22,42]. However, there exists no
systematic mapping of thermal feedback to models of emotion that could be used
by designers and users to convey a range of emotions in HCI. A common way of
classifying emotions and quantifying emotional experience is through ratings
along valence and arousal dimensions, originating from Russell's circumplex
model [32]. Therefore, the research in this paper mapped subjective ratings of
a range of thermal stimuli to the circumplex model to understand the range of
emotions that might be conveyed through thermal feedback. However, as the
suitability of the model varies depending on the type of emotional stimuli
[31], we also compared the goodness of fit of ratings between the circumplex
and vector [8,31] models of emotion. The results showed that thermal feedback
was interpreted as representing a limited range of emotions concentrated in
just two quadrants or categories of the circumplex: high valence, low arousal
and low valence, high arousal. Warm stimuli were perceived as more
pleasant/positive than cool stimuli and altering either the rate or extent of
temperature change affected both valence and arousal axes simultaneously. The
results showed a significantly better fit to a vector model than to the
circumplex.
Mapping Abstract Visual Feedback to a Dimensional Model of Emotion
Late-Breaking Works: Extending User Capabilities
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Romeo, Pietro
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems
2016-05-07
v.2
p.1779-1787
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: Recent HCI research has looked at conveying emotions through non-visual
modalities, such as vibrotactile and thermal feedback. However, emotion is
primarily conveyed through visual signals, and so this research aims to support
the design of emotional visual feedback. We adapt and extend the design of the
"pulsing amoeba" [29], and measure the emotion conveyed through the abstract
visual designs. It is a first step towards more holistic multimodal affective
feedback combining visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. An online survey
garnered valence and arousal ratings of 32 stimuli that varied in colour,
contour, pulse size and pulse speed. The results support previous research but
also provide new findings and highlight the effects of each individual visual
parameter on perceived emotion. We present a mapping of all stimulus
combinations onto the common two-dimensional valence-arousal model of emotion.
Using Dynamic Audio Feedback to Support Peripersonal Reaching in Visually
Impaired People
Demo Session
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
Seventeenth International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and
Accessibility
2015-10-26
p.433-434
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: Blind children engage with their immediate environment much less than
sighted children, particularly through self-initiated movement or exploration.
Research has suggested that providing dynamic feedback about the environment
and the child's actions within/against it may help to encourage reaching
activity and support spatial cognitive learning. This paper presents an initial
study suggesting the accuracy of peripersonal reaching can be improved by the
use of dynamic sound from both the objects to reach for and the reaching hand
itself (via a worn speaker) that changes based on the proximity of the hand to
the object. The demonstration will let attendees try the interaction and
feedback designs
In the Heat of the Moment: Subjective Interpretations of Thermal Feedback
During Interaction
Feeling & Communicating Emotions
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Davidson, Gavin
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2015-04-18
v.1
p.2063-2072
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: Research has shown that thermal feedback can be an engaging and convincing
means of conveying experimenter-predefined meanings, e.g., material properties
or message types. However, thermal perception is subjective and its meaning in
interaction can be ambiguous. Interface designers may not be sure how users
could naïvely interpret thermal feedback during interaction. Little is
also known about how users would choose thermal cues to convey their own
meanings. The research in this paper tested subjective interpretations of
thermal stimuli in three different scenarios: social media activity, a
colleague's presence and the extent of use of digital content. Participants
were also asked to assign their own thermal stimuli to personal experiences, to
help us understand what kinds of stimuli people associate with different
meanings. The results showed strong agreement among participants concerning
what warmth (presence, activity, quality) and cool mean (absence, poor
quality). Guidelines for the design of thermal feedback are presented to help
others create effective thermal interfaces.
Effects of Sound Type on Recreating the Trajectory of a Moving Source
WIP Theme: Novel Interfaces and Interaction Techniques
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen
/
Caltenco, Hector
/
Magnusson, Charlotte
/
Finocchietti, Sara
/
Baud-Bovy, Gabriel
/
Gori, Monica
Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems
2015-04-18
v.2
p.1645-1650
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: The ABBI (Audio Bracelet for Blind Interaction) device is designed for
visually impaired and blind children to wear on the wrist and produce sound
based on the movement of the arm through space. The primary function is to
inform a child (or adult) about his/her own movements to aid spatial cognition
rehabilitation. However, the device could also be worn by friends and family
and be used to inform the visually impaired person of others' movement in the
environment. In this paper, we describe an initial experiment that measured how
well blindfolded sighted individuals could track a moving sound source in 2D
horizontal space and then walk the same route to the same end position. Six
sounds, including natural sounds, abstract sounds, Earcons and speech, were
compared to identify which type of sound produced more accurate route
recreation.
PORTS: an interdisciplinary and systemic approach to studying energy use in
the home
HomeSys 2014
/
Wilson, Garrath T.
/
Bhamra, Tracy
/
Mackley, Kerstin Leder
/
Pink, Sarah
/
Mitchell, Val
Adjunct Proceedings of the 2014 International Joint Conference on Pervasive
and Ubiquitous Computing
2014-09-13
v.2
p.971-978
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: In this paper, we present an alternative and novel approach to identifying
energy demand reduction opportunities in the home. Through the creation of
detailed narratives informed by our interdisciplinary research team of social
scientists, designers and engineers, we employ a systemic view of how energy is
consumed in the home. By interrogating clusters of people, objects and
resources through time and space as they come together within our qualitative
and quantitative research, we have identified opportunities for sustainable HCI
design. This paper outlines our approach and presents an example product
concept in relation to laundry.
Perception of ultrasonic haptic feedback on the hand: localisation and
apparent motion
Touch and stylus interaction
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Carter, Thomas
/
Subramanian, Sriram
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2014-04-26
v.1
p.1133-1142
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: Ultrasonic haptic feedback is a promising means of providing tactile
sensations in mid-air without encumbering the user with an actuator. However,
controlled and rigorous HCI research is needed to understand the basic
characteristics of perception of this new feedback medium, and so how best to
utilise ultrasonic haptics in an interface. This paper describes two
experiments conducted into two fundamental aspects of ultrasonic haptic
perception: 1) localisation of a static point and 2) the perception of motion.
Understanding these would provide insight into 1) the spatial resolution of an
ultrasonic interface and 2) what forms of feedback give the most convincing
illusion of movement. Results show an average localisation error of 8.5mm, with
higher error along the longitudinal axis. Convincing sensations of motion were
produced when travelling longer distances, using longer stimulus durations and
stimulating multiple points along the trajectory. Guidelines for feedback
design are given.
Towards utilising one-handed multi-digit pressure input
Inputs
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen
/
Halvey, Martin
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2013-04-27
v.2
p.1317-1322
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: This paper explores the potential uses of pressure input from multiple
digits (i.e., all 4 fingers and the thumb) of one hand squeezing a mobile
device: multiple digits may provide multiple inputs. The potential advantages
for mobile interaction include freeing the second hand for other tasks, and
providing access to multiple functions simultaneously. A range of possible
interactions is discussed including the benefits and challenges posed by
complex pressure-based input on mobile devices. An example usage scenario is
described and tested: pressure-based input for simultaneous zooming and
rotating in a map task. Results suggest multi-digit pressure input may be a
useful means of interaction with mobile devices.
Perception of thermal stimuli for continuous interaction
Tactile
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
/
Hughes, Stephen A.
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2013-04-27
v.2
p.1587-1592
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Thermal stimulation represents a relatively unexplored and potentially
beneficial area of research for interface design. To date no research on
thermal interfaces has looked at continuous thermal stimulation in detail. Here
we begin to explore the design space offered by continuous thermal stimulation
by conducting a controlled experiment that investigates perception of various
thermal stimuli relative to a range of starting temperatures. Based on the
experimental results, we discuss design implications and possible future work.
Thermal Feedback Identification in a Mobile Environment
Non-intrusive and Thermal Haptics
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Hughes, Stephen
HAID 2013: International Workshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design
2013-04-18
p.10-19
Keywords: Thermal feedback; mobile interaction; non-visual feedback
© Copyright 2013 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Audio and vibrotactile feedback are not always suitable or desirable, as
noise and/or movement may mask them, and so thermal feedback may provide a
salient alternative. In this paper, the identification of 'thermal icons'
(structured thermal feedback) was tested as a means of conveying information
when users were sitting and walking in an outdoor location. Overall
identification rate for thermal icons was 64.6%, but identification of
individual parameters was promising, at 94% accuracy for direction of thermal
change (warming/cooling) and 73.1% accuracy for subjective intensity
(moderate/strong). Results showed that walking outdoors did not significantly
worsen icon identification compared to sitting outdoors, but the environmental
temperature had a strong influence. Recommendations are given on how better to
design and adapt thermal feedback for use in outdoor mobile scenarios.
Feeling it: the roles of stiffness, deformation range and feedback in the
control of deformable ui
Touch / taste
/
Kildal, Johan
/
Wilson, Graham
Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
2012-10-22
p.393-400
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: There has been little discussion on how the materials used to create
deformable devices, and the subsequent interactions, might influence user
performance and preference. In this paper we evaluated how the stiffness and
required deformation extent (bending up and down bimanually) of mobile
phone-shaped deformable devices influenced how precisely participants were able
to move to and maintain target extents of deformation (bend). Given the
inherent haptic feedback available from deforming devices (over rigid devices),
we also compared performance with, and without, external visual feedback. User
perception and preference regarding the different devices were also elicited.
Results show that, while device stiffness did not significantly affect task
performance, user comfort and preferences were strongly in favour of softer
materials (0.45 N*m/rad) and moderate amounts of deformation. Removing external
visual feedback led to less precise user input, but inaccuracy remained low
enough to suggest non-visual interaction with deformable devices is feasible.
Thermal icons: evaluating structured thermal feedback for mobile interaction
Non-visual interaction
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Hughes, Stephen
Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile
devices and services
2012-09-21
p.309-312
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: This paper expands the repertoire of non-visual feedback for mobile
interaction, established through Earcons and Tactons, by designing structured
thermal cues for conveying information. Research into the use of thermal
feedback for HCI has not looked beyond basic 'yes-no' detection of stimuli to
the unique identification of those stimuli. We first designed thermal icons
that varied along two parameters to convey two pieces of information. We also
designed intramodal tactile icons, combining one thermal and one vibrotactile
parameter, to test perception of different tactile cues and so evaluate the
possibility of augmenting vibrotactile displays with thermal feedback. Thermal
icons were identified with 82.8% accuracy, while intramodal icons had 96.9%
accuracy, suggesting thermal icons are a viable means of conveying information
in mobile HCI, for when audio and/or vibrotactile feedback is not suitable or
desired.
Augmenting Media with Thermal Stimulation
Object and Interface Interaction
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Henderson, Michael
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Hughes, Stephen A.
HAID 2012: International Workshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design
2012-08-23
p.91-100
Keywords: Thermal; stimulation; emotion; audio; visual; valence; arousal
© Copyright 2012 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Thermal interfaces are a new area of research in HCI, with one of their main
benefits being the potential to influence emotion. To date, studies
investigating thermal feedback for affective interaction have either provided
concepts and prototypes, or looked at the affective element of thermal stimuli
in isolation. This research is the first to look in-depth at how thermal
stimuli can be used to influence the perception of different media. We
conducted two studies which looked at the effect of thermal stimuli on
subjective emotional responses to media. In the first we presented visual
information designed to evoke emotional responses in conjunction with different
thermal stimuli. In the second we used different methods to present thermal
stimuli in conjunction with music. Our results highlight the possibility of
using thermal stimuli to create more affective interactions in a variety of
media interaction scenarios.
A study of automation from seed URL generation to focused web archive
development: the CTRnet context
Posters
/
Yang, Seungwon
/
Chitturi, Kiran
/
Wilson, Gregory
/
Magdy, Mohamed
/
Fox, Edward A.
JCDL'12: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint International Conference on Digital
Libraries
2012-06-10
p.341-342
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: In the event of emergencies and disasters, massive amounts of web resources
are generated and shared. Due to the rapidly changing nature of those
resources, it is important to start archiving them as soon as a disaster
occurs. This led us to develop a prototype system for constructing archives
with minimum human intervention using the seed URLs extracted from tweet
collections. We present the details of our prototype system. We applied it to
five tweet collections that had been developed in advance, for evaluation. We
also identify five categories of non-relevant files and conclude with a
discussion of findings from the evaluation.
"Baby it's cold outside": the influence of ambient temperature and humidity
on thermal feedback
Hot moves: shape-changing & thermal interfaces
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen
/
Hughes, Stephen
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2012 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2012-05-05
v.1
p.715-724
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: Thermal feedback is a new area of research in HCI and, as such, there has
been very little investigation of the impact of environmental factors on its
use for interaction. To address this shortcoming we conducted an experiment to
investigate how ambient temperature and humidity could affect the usability of
thermal feedback. If environmental conditions affect perception significantly,
then it may not be suitable for mobile interactions. Evaluations were conducted
outdoors in varying environmental conditions over a period of 5 months. Results
showed that the ambient temperature has a significant impact on people's
ability to detect stimuli and also their perception of these stimuli. Humidity
has a negligible effect for most humidity values. Despite this, previous
thermal feedback design recommendations still hold in varying temperatures and
humidities showing that thermal feedback is a useful tool for mobile
interaction.
Investigating one-handed multi-digit pressure input for mobile devices
Work-in-progress
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Hannah, David
/
Brewster, Stephen
/
Halvey, Martin
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'12 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2012-05-05
v.2
p.1727-1732
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: This paper presents initial results from the design and evaluation of
one-handed squeezing of a mobile phone: the application of force by each
individual digit, and combinations of digits, of one hand as a means of
interacting with a mobile device. As part of the evaluation we also consider
how to alter the size of the interaction space to best suit the number of
digits being used. By identifying which digits can accurately apply force both
individually and in combination with others, we can then design one-handed,
multi-channel input for mobile interaction. The results suggest that not all
digits are equally accurate, and that some are more accurate when used in
combination with others. Further, increasing the size of the underlying
interaction space to suit the number of digits used improves user performance.
The effect of clothing on thermal feedback perception
Poster session
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Vazquez-Alvarez, Yolanda
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
/
Hughes, Stephen A.
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
2011-11-14
p.217-220
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: Thermal feedback is a new area of research in HCI. To date, studies
investigating thermal feedback for interaction have focused on virtual reality,
abstract uses of thermal output or on use in highly controlled lab settings.
This paper is one of the first to look at how environmental factors, in our
case clothing, might affect user perception of thermal feedback and therefore
usability of thermal feedback. We present a study into how well users perceive
hot and cold stimuli on the hand, thigh and waist. Evaluations were carried out
with cotton and nylon between the thermal stimulators and the skin. Results
showed that the presence of clothing requires higher intensity thermal changes
for detection but that these changes are more comfortable than direct
stimulation on skin.
Pioneers in Cognitive Engineering & Decision Making Research --
Foundational Contributions to the Science of Human-Automation Interaction
Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making: Panel
/
Kaber, David
/
Hancock, Peter
/
Jagacinski, Richard
/
Parasurman, Raja
/
Wickens, Chris
/
Wilson, Glenn
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting
2011-09-19
p.321-325
doi: 10.1177/1071181311551066
© Copyright 2011 HFES
Summary: The objective of this Cognitive Engineering & Decision Making (CEDM)
Technical Group (TG) panel is to recognize "Pioneers in Human-Automation
Interaction Research" and to provide Annual Meeting attendees with knowledge of
the origins of adaptive automation, control theoretic approaches to human
performance, implications of levels of complex system automation for human
performance, and methods for operator functional state classification. Based on
their seminal contributions to research in these areas, Drs. Peter Hancock,
Richard Jagacinski, Raja Parasuraman, Chris Wickens and Glenn Wilson will
participate in the session. Dr. Hancock will provide a personal retrospective
on adaptive automation. Dr. Jagacinski will draw parallels between manual
control and decision theories. Dr. Parasuraman will trace the history of
adaptive automation research. Dr. Wickens will discuss failures in conventional
wisdom on human-automation interaction (HAI) and methods for systems design and
Dr. Wilson will address the use of physiological measures for operator
functional state classification in adaptive systems. The panel session is
expected to promote further understanding among human factors researchers of
concepts, theories and design principles of HAI and why we are at where we are
today.
The effects of walking, feedback and control method on pressure-based
interaction
Learning
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Crossan, Andrew
/
Stewart, Craig
Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile
devices and services
2011-08-30
p.147-156
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: This paper presents a study looking into the effects of walking and the use
of visual and audio feedback on the application of pressure for linear
targeting. Positional and Rate-based control methods are compared in order to
determine which allows for more stable and accurate selections, both while
sitting and mobile. Results suggest that Rate-based control is superior for
both mobile (walking) and static (sitting) linear targeting, and that mobility
significantly increases errors, selection time and subjective workload. The use
of only audio feedback significantly increased errors and task time for
Positional control and static Rate-based control, but not mobile Rate-based
control. Despite this, the results still suggest that audio control of pressure
interaction while walking is highly accurate and usable.
Multitouch Tables for Collaborative Object-Based Learning
Novel DUXU: Devices and Their User Interfaces
/
George, Jacob
/
de Araujo, Eric
/
Dorsey, Desiree
/
McCrickard, D. Scott
/
Wilson, Greg
DUXU 2011: 1st International Conference on Design, User Experience, and
Usability: Theory, Methods, Tools and Practice, Part I
2011-07-09
v.1
p.237-246
Keywords: multitouch; tabletop; children; education; evaluation
Copyright © 2011 Springer-Verlag
Summary: Multitouch technology on tabletop displays allows children to interact with
digital objects in collaborative activities. This paper explores both
evolutions in hardware and opportunities in software toward supporting the
engagement of children, with consideration of impact on user interfaces. We
outline a demonstration of our Multitouch Education Table (MET), a portable
hardware system and virtual card game suite targeted for use by elementary
school students.
Some like it hot: thermal feedback for mobile devices
Touch 3: sensing
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Halvey, Martin
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
/
Hughes, Stephen A.
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2011-05-07
v.1
p.2555-2564
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: Thermal stimulation is a rich, emotive and salient feedback channel that is
well suited to HCI, but one that is yet to be fully investigated. Thermal
feedback may be suited to environments that are too loud for audio or too bumpy
for vibrotactile feedback. This paper presents two studies into how well users
could detect hot and cold stimuli presented to the fingertips, the palm, the
dorsal surface of the forearm and the dorsal surface of the upper arm.
Evaluations were carried out in static and mobile settings. Results showed that
the palm is most sensitive, cold is more perceivable and comfortable than warm
and that stronger and faster-changing stimuli are more detectable but less
comfortable. Guidelines for the design of thermal feedback are outlined, with
attention paid to perceptual and hedonic factors.
The effects of walking and control method on pressure-based interaction
Works-in-progress
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
/
Halvey, Martin
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2011-05-07
v.2
p.2275-2280
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: Pressure-based interactions have largely been limited to static scenarios;
very few have focused on its use on mobile devices and even fewer have
investigated the use of pressure while the user is in motion (i.e. walking).
Pressure input is well suited to mobile interaction as mobile devices almost
universally adopt touch and gestural input. This paper presents the initial
results of research looking into the effects of walking on the application of
pressure during linear targeting. Positional and rate-based (velocity) control
methods are compared in order to determine which allows for more stable and
accurate selections. Results suggest that rate-based control is superior for
both mobile (walking) and static (sitting) linear targeting and that mobility
significantly increases errors, selection time and subjective workload. These
results will influence the design of a second part of the study, which will
evaluate user ability to control the same application using only audio
feedback.
Evaluation of a Dry Electrode System for Electroencephalography:
Applications for Psychophysiological Cognitive Workload Assessment
AUGMENTED COGNITION: AC1 -- Research and Methods Pertaining to EEG
/
Estepp, Justin R.
/
Monnin, Jason W.
/
Christensen, James C.
/
Wilson, Glenn F.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting
2010-09-27
v.54
p.210-214
© Copyright 2010 HFES
Summary: Advances in state-of-the-art dry electrode technology have led to the
development of a novel dry electrode system for electroencephalography (QUASAR,
Inc.; San Diego, California, USA). While basic systems-level testing and
comparison of this dry electrode system to conventional wet electrode systems
has proved to be very favorable, very limited data has been collected that
demonstrates the ability of QUASAR's dry electrode system to replicate results
produced in more applied, dynamic testing environments that may be used for
human factors applications. In this study, QUASAR's dry electrode headset was
used in combination with traditional wet electrodes to determine the ability of
the dry electrode system to accurately differentiate between varying levels of
cognitive workload. Results show that the accuracy in cognitive workload
assessment obtained with wet electrodes is comparable to that obtained with the
dry electrodes.
How Does Day-to-Day Variability in Psychophysiological Data Affect
Classifier Accuracy
AUGMENTED COGNITION: AC4 -- Measuring Workload using Physiological Measures
such as Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD)
/
Wilson, G. F.
/
Russell, C. A.
/
Monnin, J. W.
/
Estepp, J. R.
/
Christensen, J. C.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting
2010-09-27
v.54
p.264-268
© Copyright 2010 HFES
Summary: Combined psychophysiological measures have been used to determine mental
workload in operators, but the day-to-day reliability of these measures has not
been determined. Data were collected four times over a one month period. Two
classifiers were trained with these data and their ability to correctly
discriminate between two levels of task difficulty with new data was tested.
Both classifiers very accurately discriminated between the two levels of task
difficulty using data collected on the same day as the training data. However,
the accuracy was considerably reduced when tested on data from days different
from the training data. The implications for application of these procedures
are discussed.
Pressure-based menu selection for mobile devices
Visualization and interaction techniques
/
Wilson, Graham
/
Stewart, Craig
/
Brewster, Stephen A.
Proceedings of 12th Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile
devices and services
2010-09-07
p.181-190
Keywords: mobile interaction, non-visual feedback, pressure input
© Copyright 2010 ACM
Summary: Despite many successes in desktop applications, little work has looked at
the use of pressure input on mobile devices and the different issues associated
with mobile interactions e.g. non-visual feedback. This study examined pressure
input on a mobile device using a single Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) with
linearised output as a means of target selection within a menu, where target
menu items varied in size and location along the z-axis. Comparing visual and
audio feedback, results showed that, overall, eyes-free pressure interaction
reached a mean level of 74% accuracy. With visual feedback mean accuracy
reached 85%. Participants could accurately distinguish up to 10 pressure levels
when given adequate feedback indicating a high level of control.
