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Re-Making Places: HCI, 'Community Building' and Change Civic Tech, Participation and Society / Crivellaro, Clara / Taylor, Alex / Vlachokyriakos, Vasillis / Comber, Rob / Nissen, Bettina / Wright, Peter Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.2958-2969
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: We present insights from an extended engagement and design intervention at an urban regeneration site in SE Lon-don. We describe the process of designing a walking trail and system for recording and playing back place-specific stories for those living and working on the housing estate, and show how this is set within a wider context of urban renewal, social/affordable housing and "community building". Like prior work, the research reveals the frictions that arise in participatory engagements with heterogeneous actors. Here we illustrate how material interventions can re-arrange existing spatial configurations, making productive the plurality of accounts intrinsic in community life. Through this, we provide an orientation to HCI and design interventions that are concerned with civic engagement and participation in processes of making places.

Data-in-Place: Thinking through the Relations Between Data and Community HCI for Civic Engagement / Taylor, Alex S. / Lindley, Siân / Regan, Tim / Sweeney, David / Vlachokyriakos, Vasillis / Grainger, Lillie / Lingel, Jessica Proceedings of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2015-04-18 v.1 p.2863-2872
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: We present findings from a year-long engagement with a street and its community. The work explores how the production and use of data is bound up with place, both in terms of physical and social geography. We detail three strands of the project. First, we consider how residents have sought to curate existing data about the street in the form of an archive with physical and digital components. Second, we report endeavours to capture data about the street's environment, especially of vehicle traffic. Third, we draw on the possibilities afforded by technologies for polling opinion. We reflect on how these engagements have: materialised distinctive relations between the community and their data; surfaced flows and contours of data, and spatial, temporal and social boundaries; and enacted a multiplicity of 'small worlds'. We consider how such a conceptualisation of data-in-place is relevant to the design of technology.

Designing Engaging Data in Communities Interactivity / Regan, Tim / Sweeney, David / Helmes, John / Vlachokyriakos, Vasillis / Lindley, Siân / Taylor, Alex Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2015-04-18 v.2 p.271-274
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: We present two sets of 'data technologies' that we have designed to collect and display local data, both derived from our engagement with a community. The first, Bull-frog, is a bespoke voting device. The second, a series of physical charts, respond to the increasing sophistication of data visualisations by making playful use of pie charts and bar graphs, reimagining them in mechanical forms that are compelling but easily readable.

BodyGuard: A Case Study of Telecare Product Innovation and Development Case Studies: Industrial Innovation / Taylor, Andrea / Bernard, Lorna / Pizey, Hugh / Whittet, Craig / Davies, Samantha / Hammond, David / Edge, Julian Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2015-04-18 v.2 p.663-670
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Telecare is personal and environmental sensors that support people to remain safe and independent in their own home for longer. Telecare plays an important role in addressing the challenges of an ageing population. However, many people do not wear the most common form provided, the community alarm, for reasons that include the way that it looks. In the UK, a contributing factor to this problem is that manufacturers cater to telecare service providers (e.g. local authorities) and as a result, service users are not involved in design processes. This paper describes a redesign of the community alarm by a leading manufacturer, involving participatory design activities with users and the wider public, and design internships. The main innovation of the new community alarm, called BodyGuard, is that it connects with the user's smartphone to enable it to work outside the home. We report insights and lessons learned during the innovation process, within the context of social care reforms giving people more control and choice over the services that they receive.

Interactive exploration and selection in volumetric datasets with color tunneling Demonstrations / Hurter, Christophe / Taylor, A. Russel / Carpendale, Sheelagh / Telea, Alexandru Adjunct Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 2014-10-05 v.2 p.49-50
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Interactive data exploration and manipulation are often hindered by dataset sizes. For 3D data, this is aggravated by occlusion, important adjacencies, and entangled patterns. Such challenges make visual interaction via common filtering techniques hard. We describe a set of real-time multi-dimensional data deformation techniques that aim to help users to easily select, analyze, and eliminate spatial and data patterns. Our techniques allow animation between view configurations, semantic filtering and view deformation. Any data subset can be selected at any step along the animation. Data can be filtered and deformed to reduce occlusion and ease complex data selections. Our techniques are simple to learn and implement, flexible, and real-time interactive with datasets of tens of millions of data points. We demonstrate our techniques on three domain areas: 2D image segmentation and manipulation, 3D medical volume exploration, and astrophysical exploration.

'Eyes free' in-car assistance: parent and child passenger collaboration during phone calls Collaboration and communication / Cycil, Chandrika / Perry, Mark / Laurier, Eric / Taylor, Alex Proceedings of 2013 Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services 2013-08-27 2013-08-27 p.332-341
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper examines routine family car journeys, looking specifically at how passengers assist during a mobile telephone call while the drivers address the competing demands of handling the vehicle, interacting with various artefacts and controls in the cabin, and engage in co-located and remote conversations while navigating through busy city roads. Based on an analysis of video fragments, we see how drivers and child passengers form their conversations and requests around the call so as to be meaningful and paced to the demands, knowledge and abilities of their co-occupants, and how the conditions of the road and emergent traffic are oriented to and negotiated in the context of the social interaction that they exist alongside. The study provides implications for the design of car-based collaborative media and considers how hands- and eyes-free natural interfaces could be tailored to the complexity of activities in the car and on the road.

Developing hospice care over a distance in highland Scotland: a knowledge exchange process Health / Taylor, Andrea / Lennox, Jeni / Mort, Alasdair / Heaney, David / Muñoz, Sarah-Anne / Currie, Margaret / Hubbard, Gill / Steele, Kenny / Keen, Jeremy Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.2 p.397-402
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper describes a piece of collaborative research that aimed to develop an implementation plan for a virtual hospice. The aim of the virtual hospice in this case is to extend the reach of hospice facilities provided by the Highland Hospice in Inverness, Scotland. We chose a knowledge exchange process that included Hospice staff at every step. We began with a workshop that scoped out all of the potential virtual hospice services, which were condensed into a core set of five services. We then conducted interviews with selected Hospice staff. The final step involved presenting our recommendations to the Hospice, including a storyboard of how the virtual hospice might operate in practice. We took the Hospice's feedback and incorporated it into a final report. Overall, we feel that the knowledge exchange process generated a more accurate and realistic implementation plan.

At the interface of biology and computation Papers: brain sensing and analysis / Taylor, Alex S. / Piterman, Nir / Ishtiaq, Samin / Fisher, Jasmin / Cook, Byron / Cockerton, Caitlin / Bourton, Sam / Benque, David Proceedings of ACM CHI 2013 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.1 p.493-502
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Representing a new class of tool for biological modeling, Bio Model Analyzer (BMA) uses sophisticated computational techniques to determine stabilization in cellular networks. This paper presents designs aimed at easing the problems that can arise when such techniques -- 'using distinct approaches to conceptualizing networks' -- are applied in biology. The work also engages with more fundamental issues being discussed in the philosophy of science and science studies. It shows how scientific ways of knowing are constituted in routine interactions with tools like BMA, where the emphasis is on the practical business at hand, even when seemingly deep conceptual problems exist. For design, this perspective refigures the frictions raised when computation is used to model biology. Rather than obstacles, they can be seen as opportunities for opening up different ways of knowing.

Imaging the body: embodied vision in minimally invasive surgery Papers: clinical settings / Mentis, Helena M. / Taylor, Alex S. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2013 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.1 p.1479-1488
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Recent years have seen the possibilities of new imaging and interaction technologies for minimally invasive surgery such as touchless interaction and high definition renderings of three-dimensional anatomy. With this paper we take a step back to review the historical introduction and assimilation of imaging technologies in the surgical theatre in parallel with the productive and cross-referential nature of surgical practice and image use. We present findings from a field study of image use during neurosurgery where we see that the work to see medical images is highly constructed and embodied with the action of manipulating the body. This perspective lends itself to a discussion of the directions for new imaging interaction technologies.

On the naturalness of touchless: Putting the "interaction" back into NUI Theory and Practice of Embodied Interaction in HCI and Interaction Design / O'Hara, Kenton / Harper, Richard / Mentis, Helena / Sellen, Abigail / Taylor, Alex ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2013-03 v.20 n.1 p.5
ACM Digital Library Link

At the seams: DIYbio and opportunities for HCI Absolutely fab / Kuznetsov, Stacey / Taylor, Alex S. / Regan, Tim / Villar, Nicolas / Paulos, Eric Proceedings of DIS'12: Designing Interactive Systems 2012-06-11 p.258-267
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: DIYbio (Do It Yourself Biology) aims to 'open source', tinker and experiment with biology outside of professional settings. In this paper, we present the origins, practices, and challenges of DIYbio initiatives around the world. Our findings depict DIYbio as operating across intersections ('seams') between a range of stakeholders, materials and concerns. To map out the role of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) across these seams, we present design exercises (functional prototypes) that explore three areas for future work: internal collaboration tools within the DIYbio and professional community; mechanisms for external communication with stakeholders from the general public; and bio-electronic assemblies of organic and digital materials. In doing so, we hope to critically re-envision the role of HCI at the emerging intersection of biology, computation and DIY.

(DIY)biology and opportunities for HCI DIS workshops / Kuznetsov, Stacey / Taylor, Alex S. / Paulos, Eric / DiSalvo, Carl / Hirsch, Tad Proceedings of DIS'12: Designing Interactive Systems 2012-06-11 p.809-810
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Over the past decade, a diverse community of biologists, artists, engineers and hobbyists has emerged to pursue biology projects outside of traditional laboratories. Though still in its nascent form, this DIYbio (Do It Yourself Biology) movement has given rise to a host of technical innovations and sharing mechanisms that enable hobbyists to experiment with organic materials. As these developments continue to expand science practice beyond professional settings and into hackspaces, art studios and private homes, HCI research is presented with a range of new opportunities and concerns.
    Our workshop will bring together a diverse group of designers and HCI researchers, as well as biologists, bioartists, and members of the DIYbio community to critically re-envision the role HCI might play at the intersection of biology, computation and DIY. This action-based one-day workshop will engage directly with DIYbio initiatives in the UK to explore the materials, practices and challenges of 'garage biology'. Drawing on presentations from DIYbio participants who work with organic materials, hands-on biology activities (such as extracting DNA), and structured discussions, we hope to address themes such as: opportunities and implications for integrating organic materials into interactive systems; technologies that support and hinder public engagement with science; and HCI's role in the public discourse around bioethics and biosafety.

TeleWEAR: engaging users and suppliers of telecare in product design Work-in-progress / Taylor, Andrea / Bernard, Lorna / Pizey, Hugh / Whittet, Craig Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'12 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2012-05-05 v.2 p.2637-2642
ACM Digital Library Citation
Summary: Telecare is the remote or enhanced delivery of care services to people in their own home or community setting using ICT. Telecare is expected to play an important role in addressing some of the challenges of an ageing population. However, products are often unsatisfactory and a major contributing factor is that suppliers do not typically involve users in design processes. This paper describes a participatory design project involving 25 designers, 6 service users, 11 potential future service users and 2 telecare suppliers: six concept designs were created for a wearable alarm button in two half-day workshops. Our main contribution is to present the design features considered most important to users, which can be incorporated into future product designs and inform other wearable alarm systems for older people. As a result of the project, a leading supplier has invited users to participate in their research and development activities for the first time.

Effects of Autonomous vs. Remotely-Operated Unmanned Weapon Systems on Human-Robot Teamwork and Trust General Sessions: GS5 - Health, Tiredness, and Workload / Salcedo, Julie N. / Ortiz, Eric C. / Lackey, Stephanie J. / Hudson, Irwin / Taylor, Andrea H. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011-09-19 p.635-639
doi: 10.1177/1071181311551130
Link to HFES Digital Content
Summary: In the United States Military, 2011 marks the third year of a 25 year plan to increase the number of unmanned systems across the air, ground, and maritime domains. These systems perform as members of human-robot teams either autonomously or by remote-operation. The success of employing unmanned systems in coordination with human team members depends on system capabilities which support teamwork and trust. Weaponization of these systems introduces new concerns in teamwork and trust research. This paper presents research comparing the effects of autonomous and remotely-operated unmanned weapon systems on human-robot teamwork and trust. The results will contribute to the development of recommended roles and automation levels for future weaponized robotic systems.

A Review of Military Predeployment Stress Tolerance Training Training: T4 - Training Complex Skills and Improving Training Systems / Taylor, Andrea H. / Schatz, Sae / Marino-Carper, Teri L. / Carrizales, Michael L. / Vogel-Walcutt, Jennifer Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011-09-19 p.2153-2157
doi: 10.1177/1071181311551449
Link to HFES Digital Content
Summary: Stress-induced psychological disorders and related attrition are major concerns for the U.S. Military. In fact, the Marine Corps has identified "mental toughness," a construct including psychological resilience, among its critical competencies. In response to the psychological sequelae of exposure to stressful and potentially traumatic environments, the Services have recently implemented programs designed to promote stress tolerance. However, empirical evidence to support the efficacy of these training efforts is sorely lacking. As a result, these programs are often disjoint, cross-sectional, and delivered haphazardly. As a preliminary step toward addressing these issues, this outlines the efforts currently in use by the armed services, as well as those recommended by related communities. We present the potential shortcomings of these contemporary efforts, identify best-of-breed approaches and outcomes, and recommend next steps to improve resilience training efforts.

Mechanical hijacking: how robots can accelerate UbiComp deployments DIY and design / Davidoff, Scott / Villar, Nicolas / Taylor, Alex S. / Izadi, Shahram Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing 2011-09-17 p.267-270
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: The complexities and costs of deploying Ubicomp applications seriously compromise our ability to evaluate such systems in the real world. To simplify Ubicomp deployment we introduce the robotic pseudopod (P.Pod), an actuator that acts on mechanical switches originally designed for human control only. P.Pods enable computational control of devices by hijacking their mechanical switches -- a term we refer to as mechanical hijacking. P.Pods offer simple, low-cost, non-destructive computational access to installed hardware, enabling functional, real world Ubicomp deployments. In this paper, we illustrate how three P.Pod primitives, built with the Lego MindStorm NXT toolkit, can implement mechanical hijacking, facilitating real world Ubicomp deployments which otherwise require extensive changes to existing hardware or infrastructure. Lastly, we demonstrate the simplicity of P.Pods by observing two middle school classes build working smart home applications in 4 hours.

Meerkat and Tuba: Design Alternatives for Randomness, Surprise and Serendipity in Reminiscing Interface Design / Helmes, John / O'Hara, Kenton / Villar, Nicolas / Taylor, Alex S. Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'11: Human-Computer Interaction 2011-09-05 v.2 p.376-391
Keywords: Reminiscence; Photo sharing; Serendipity; Interaction; Social Media; Robotics; Screens; Iterative design
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: People are accumulating large amounts of personal digital content that play a role in reminiscing practices. But as these collections become larger, and older content is less frequently accessed, much of this content is simply forgotten. In response to this we explore the notions of randomness and serendipity in the presentation of content from people's digital collections. To do this we designed and deployed two devices -- Meerkat and Tuba -- that enable the serendipitous presentation of digital content from people's personal media collections. Each device emphasises different characteristics of serendipity that with a view to understanding whether people interpret and value these in different ways while reminiscing. In order explore the use of the devices in context, we deployed in real homes. We report on findings from the study and discuss their implications for design.

Sketching in software and hardware Bluetooth as a design material Methods and prototyping / Sundström, Petra / Taylor, Alex S. / O'Hara, Kenton Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services 2011-08-30 p.405-414
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: In any design process, a medium's properties need to be considered. This is generally well established, yet still within interactive systems design, the properties of a technological medium are often glossed over. That is, technologies are often black-boxed without much thought given to how their distinctive material properties open up the design space. In this paper, we experiment with a technology to see what might be gained from intentionally and systematically investigating its properties. Specifically, we look upon Bluetooth from the perspective of being a design material and examine how its properties from that perspective can be used to shape design thinking. Using four example cases or "sketches", we show that Bluetooth's properties, often seen as constraints, can provide useful building blocks for designing interactive systems.

Measuring the Effectiveness of Stress Prevention Programs in Military Personnel Augmented Cognition in Complex Environments / Taylor, Andrea H. / Schatz, Sae Lynne FAC 2011: 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Directing the Future of Adaptive Systems 2011-07-09 p.636-646
Keywords: Stress; Training; Resilience; Inoculation; Physiological Measurement
Link to Digital Content at Springer
Summary: The effects of stress on military personnel are a pervasive concern. To mitigate stress's negative impacts, Defense agencies employ stress inoculation training and, more recently, have begun to provide stress resilience instruction. However, such pre-deployment programs suffer from measurement limitations, rendering their assessment difficult. Novel application of objective, individual, repeated measures, conducted under realistically stressful settings, may help address this gap. Towards that end, we reviewed common neurophysiological techniques and examined their usefulness for measuring stress reactions. These techniques include: 1) cortisol in the blood or saliva, 2) adrenaline in the blood or urine, 3) skin conductivity, 4) EEG, 5) Skin conductance, and 6) Heart rate.

Out there HCI for all / Taylor, Alex S. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.1 p.685-694
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: "Out there" is increasingly becoming a topic of concern in HCI. Thanks to various clarion calls, researchers in the field are turning their attention to technology-mediated activities that are shaped less by Euro-American sensibilities and defined more by how they are culturally and geographically distinct. Fieldwork and ethnography researchers, for instance, are beginning to investigate ICT use at religious and spiritual sites, by the socially excluded and disenfranchised, and by people in developing regions. In this paper, I concentrate on the latter focus on development to reflect on HCI's disciplinary turn "out there". Specifically, I take the following three themes as common rhetorical devices in such work: (i) the network, (ii) difference and (iii) complexity. Through examples, I discuss how each of these themes has been mobilised. I then use materials from anthropology, science and technology studies, and to a lesser extent geography and postcolonial studies to complicate and in some cases question the interpretative frames that are being applied. Thus, my hope is that this paper is seen as a thought piece that deepens our thinking around HCI's efforts to look "out there" by paying critical attention to what is going on "in here".

Inspirational bits: towards a shared understanding of the digital material Design materiality / Sundström, Petra / Taylor, Alex / Grufberg, Katja / Wirström, Niklas / Belenguer, Jordi Solsona / Lundén, Marcus Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.1 p.1561-1570
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: In any design process, a medium's properties need to be considered. This is nothing new in design. Still we find that in HCI and interactive systems design the properties of a technology are often glossed over. That is, technologies are black-boxed without much thought given to how their distinctive properties open up design possibilities. In this paper we describe what we call inspirational bits as a way to become more familiar with the design material in HCI, the digital material. We describe inspirational bits as quick and dirty but fully working systems in both hardware and software built with the aim of exposing one or several of the dynamic properties of a digital material. We also show how they provide a means of sharing design knowledge across the members of a multi-disciplined design team.

Antiquarian answers: book restoration as a resource for design Cats, dogs, sports, games & books / Rosner, Daniela K. / Taylor, Alex S. Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.1 p.2665-2668
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: As technologies age, they experience wear and degradation, sometimes resulting in loss of functionality. In response, parts are replaced and software is updated. Yet restoration -- the process of returning something to a previous condition, often regardless of its instrumental value -"is a relatively rare practice with computational technologies. The aim of this paper is to enrich HCI design practices by considering the material qualities of restoration. We consider what makes a technology worth restoring and what constitutes the process of restoration by examining data collected from a three-month apprenticeship-based qualitative study of bookbinding. Building on relevant literatures, we offer antiquarian books -"long-established information technologies -- as a lens onto the ways values are enacted through material engagements. We conclude with a discussion of restoration's role in HCI.

Group pulmonary rehabilitation delivered to the home via the internet: feasibility and patient perception Rehabilitation / Taylor, Andrea / Aitken, Angus / Godden, David / Colligan, Judith Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.1 p.3083-3092
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and debilitating lung condition. Pulmonary rehabilitation is effective in treating COPD. Rehabilitation, combining physical exercise with education, is usually undertaken in hospital or clinic-based groups led by a clinician. The support of the group is important. However, distance of travel, and mobility and transport problems can mean that patients are unable to participate. This paper describes a feasibility study to deliver a program to a group of patients in their own homes, improving accessibility. A novel videoconferencing system was installed in four patient's homes, connected to their TV and the Internet. A physiotherapist delivered a pulmonary rehabilitation program, involving twice-weekly exercise sessions for eight weeks. All were visible and audible to maintain the group-based approach of the conventional program. The technology performed well, satisfaction was high, and clinical improvements occurred in all patients, comparable to a conventional program. Larger studies are warranted.

Increasing legal requirements for interface accessibility Panel / Goldstein, Dan / Hill, Eve / Lazar, Jonathan / Siempelkamp, Alice / Taylor, Anne / Lepofsky, David Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.2 p.745-748
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: There is increasing legal activity, requiring accessibility for people with disabilities, across a number of categories of digital content -- government information, corporate web sites, electronic hiring processes, and e-book readers. The purpose of this panel at CHI 2011 is to inform the interaction design community about these legal changes, and discuss strategies for successful implementation of accessibility regulations in design.

Demo hour Demo hour / Haller, Michael / Seifried, Thomas / Scott, Stacey D. / Perteneder, Florian / Rendl, Christian / Sakamoto, Daisuke / Inami, Masahiko / Mistry, Pranav / Maes, Pattie / Hunter, Seth / Merrill, David / Kalanithi, Jeevan / Seitinger, Susanne / Taub, Daniel M. / Taylor, Alex S. interactions 2011-05 v.18 n.3 p.8-9
ACM Digital Library Link
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