Designing for the Other 'Hereafter': When Older Adults Remember about
Forgetting
Older Adult Support
/
Ramos, Laura
/
van den Hoven, Elise
/
Miller, Laurie
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.721-732
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: Designing to support memory for older individuals is a complex challenge in
human-computer interaction (HCI) research. Past literature on human memory has
mapped processes for recalling past experiences, learning new things,
remembering to carry out future intentions and the importance of attention.
However, the understanding of how older adults perceive forgetting in daily
life remains limited. This paper narrows this gap through a study with older
persons (n=18) living independently using self-reporting and semi-structured
focus groups to explore what they forget, how they react, and what mechanisms
they put in place to recover from and avoid forgetting. Findings include
occurrences of prospective and retrospective memory lapses, conflicting
negative and neutral perceptions, and techniques to manage forgetting.
Participant responses indicate that an awareness of forgetting fosters internal
tensions among older adults, thereby creating opportunities for further design
research, e.g., to defuse and normalise these reactions.
Robot Form and Motion Influences Social Attention
Session B: Robot Motion
/
Li, Alvin X.
/
Florendo, Maria
/
Miller, Luke E.
/
Ishiguro, Hiroshi
/
Saygin, Ayse P.
Proceedings of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot
Interaction
2015-03-02
v.1
p.43-50
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: For social robots to be successful, they need to be accepted by humans.
Human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers are aware of the need to develop the
right kinds of robots with appropriate, natural ways for them to interact with
humans. However, much of human perception and cognition occurs outside of
conscious awareness, and how robotic agents engage these processes is currently
unknown. Here, we explored automatic, reflexive social attention, which
operates outside of conscious control within a fraction of a second to discover
whether and how these processes generalize to agents with varying humanlikeness
in their form and motion. Using a social variant of a well-established spatial
attention paradigm, we tested whether robotic or human appearance and/or motion
influenced an agent's ability to capture or direct implicit social attention.
In each trial, either images or videos of agents looking to one side of space
(a head turn) were presented to human observers. We measured reaction time to a
peripheral target as an index of attentional capture and direction. We found
that all agents, regardless of humanlike form or motion, were able to direct
spatial attention in the cued direction. However, differences in the form of
the agent affected attentional capture, i.e., how quickly the observers could
disengage attention from the agent and respond to the target. This effect
further interacted with whether the spatial cue (head turn) was presented
through static images or videos. Overall whereas reflexive social attention
operated in the same manner for human and robot social agents for spatial
attentional cueing, robotic appearance, as well as whether the agent was static
or moving significantly influenced unconscious attentional capture processes.
Overall the studies reveal how unconscious social attentional processes operate
when the agent is a human vs. a robot, add novel manipulations to the
literature such as the role of visual motion, and provide a link between
attention studies in HRI, and decades of research on unconscious social
attention in experimental psychology and vision science.
Understanding Map Operations in Location-based Surveys
Usability and universal accessibility
/
Batinov, Georgi
/
Rusch, Michelle
/
Meng, Tianyu
/
Whitney, Kofi
/
Patanasakpinyo, Thitivatr
/
Miller, Les
/
Nusser, Sarah
Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advances in
Computer-Human Interactions
2015-02-22
p.144-149
Keywords: location-based surveys, map operations
© Copyright 2015 IARIA
Summary: Location-based surveys have been moving to handheld computing devices as the
availability of such devices has become more common. The more limited screen
size of the handheld devices has made the maps more difficult to use. The
present work looks at the map operations of users to determine if they are
having problems. Two studies have been analyzed to get an understanding of the
types of patterns that might be used to identify users that are having trouble.
The choice of the two studies was to find two studies that were quite different
and use one of the studies to find patterns of map operations that would
indicate that a user was having problems. The second study could then be used
to test the relevance of the patterns in a different implementation of the same
task. We have identified patterns of interest using the data from the first
study and found that the same patterns were relevant in the second study.
Unsupervised classification and visualization of unstructured text for the
support of interdisciplinary collaboration
Identifying opportunities for collaboration
/
Miller, Lisa J.
/
Gazan, Rich
/
Still, Susanne
Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2014 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work and Social Computing
2014-02-15
v.1
p.1033-1042
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: We present a computer supported tool for cooperative work in
interdisciplinary fields, which we tested within the area of astrobiology. Our
document classification and visualization system is fully automated and data
driven, based on unsupervised learning algorithms and network visualization
tools. A new feature selection algorithm was created to aid this process that
indicates which words should be used for mutual information-based clustering.
Our system can extract information about collaborations from unstructured
databases with no meta-data and reveals structure that can aid the planning of
collaborative research. We analyzed publications produced by researchers from
NASA's Astrobiology Institute. We presented this analysis as a cultural probe
and recorded reactions from researchers that indicated that our method can help
scientists from different disciplines to work together. We have made an
interactive version of our visualization and analysis available as a website
for long-term use.
Design and evaluation of a client-side recommender system
Demonstrations
/
Newell, Chris
/
Miller, Libby
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Conference on Recommender Systems
2013-10-12
p.473-474
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Most recommender systems found on the web are server-based and centralised.
However, it can be difficult to maintain the responsiveness with this approach
when there are large numbers of concurrent users. In this demonstration we
present an alternative approach where major parts of the recommender system are
implemented in scripts run by the user's client system.
Evaluating the Impact of Spatial Ability in Virtual and Real World
Environments
Usability and Universal Accessibility II
/
Batinov, Georgi
/
Whitney, Kofi
/
Miller, Les
/
Nusser, Sarah
/
Stanfill, Bryan
/
Ashenfelter, Kathleen
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Advances in
Computer-Human Interactions
2013-02-24
p.274-279
Keywords: map-based survey, virtual reality, spatial ability
© Copyright 2013 IARIA
Summary: Survey agencies in the United States continue to move many map-based surveys
from paper to handheld computers. With large highly diverse workforces, it is
necessary to test software with a diverse population. The present work examines
the performance of participants grouped by their level of spatial
visualization. The participants were tested in either the field or in a fully
immersive virtual environment. The methodology of the study is explained. The
performance of the participants in the two environments is modeled with least
squares regression. Results of the study are presented and discussed.
Spatial Ability and Map-Based Software Applications
Usability and Universal Accessibility I
/
Rusch, Michelle
/
Nusser, Sarah
/
Miller, Les
/
Batinov, Georgi
/
Whitney, Kofi
Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advances in
Computer-Human Interactions
2012-01-30
p.35-40
Keywords: usability, spatial ability
Copyright © IARIA, 2012
Summary: Location-based applications are growing in importance as agencies are
placing more and more computing into their field applications. The development
of software for these applications needs to consider the wide range of user
skills. The present work looks at the impact of spatial ability on a typical
Census Bureau application (address verification). A study of a text guided
software system for address verification was conducted. The participants were
tested to determine their logical reasoning, visualization, and perspective
taking abilities. The participants performed a set of address verification
tasks using a tablet in a stationary environment. The study and results are
presented and discussed.
Exploring a Map Survey Task's Sensitivity to Cognitive Ability
ACCESS: Usability and Universal Accessibility
/
Whitney, Kofi
/
Batinov, Georgi
/
Miller, Les
/
Nusser, Sarah
/
Ashenfelter, Kathleen
Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Advances in
Computer-Human Interactions
2011-02-23
p.63-68
Keywords: human-computer; interaction, individual differences; location-based;
usability component
Copyright © IARIA, 2011
Summary: The present work discusses an exploratory study aimed at understanding how
users' cognitive abilities influence performance and method during a series of
address verification tasks. College students were given a paper map and asked
to verify seven residential addresses scattered throughout a neighborhood. This
approach, as opposed to using a mobile device as the verification medium,
allotted participants more freedom with respect to address verification style
and map interaction. The study methodology and results are discussed. The key
contribution of the work described in the paper has been the identification of
map usage behaviors that are sensitive to visualization and perspective taking.
Emerging contexts for science education: embedding a forensic science game
in a virtual world
eLearning
/
Monroy, Carlos
/
Klisch, Yvonne
/
Miller, Leslie M.
Proceedings of the 2011 iConference
2011-02-08
p.622-629
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: Advancements in technology are transforming the educational landscape at a
rapid pace, impacting educators, students, and researchers. In particular,
educators are increasingly using computer-based games as learning environments
with a focus on education over entertainment. The emerging phenomenon of
serious gaming requires new approaches to serve the growing number of people
using them and to better understand their effectiveness, impact, and the
challenges they pose. Serious games offer fertile ground for studying the
interactions among people, technology, and information (the core components in
information science). In this paper, we describe an approach for integrating an
existing forensic science game into a virtual world for adolescents known as
Whyville. We explain the rationale in our approach, the infrastructure involved
in embedding a game in a virtual world, the challenges we faced, and the
lessons learned. A total of 2,206 people played the game throughout the 35 days
it was available. The results of the players' survey responses and comments on
how they explored this information space are analyzed. Our approach offers an
interesting glimpse of how people between the ages of 11 and 18 explore a
science game hosted within a virtual world.
Agile user experience SIG
Special interest groups
/
Miller, Lynn
/
Sy, Desirée
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2009-04-04
v.2
p.2751-2754
Keywords: agile development, design tools and techniques, user experience, user
interfaces -- evaluation/methodology, user-centered design
© Copyright 2009 ACM
Summary: Agile development is being adopted by companies with greater frequency every
year, resulting in changes to the way user experience practitioners work.
Unfortunately, there has been little guidance on how to incorporate User
Centered Design (UCD) into the agile process so most practitioners either
struggle alone or seek out others in the same boat.
The goal of this SIG is to draw upon the shared experience of these
practitioners to uncover the best practices for agile user-centered design to
facilitate optimal product development.
Using an Error Detection Strategy for Improving Web Accessibility for Older
Adults
ACCESS
/
Taylor, Alfred, Sr.
/
Miller, Les
/
Nilakanta, Sree
/
Sander, Jeffry
/
Mitra, Saayan
/
Sharda, Anurag
/
Chama, Bachar
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Advances in
Computer-Human Interactions
2009-02-01
p.375-380
Keywords: web access, older adults, usability
© Copyright 2009 IEEE
Summary: The ability to use the Internet can provide an important contribution to an
older adult's quality of life. Communication via email with family, friends and
service providers has become a critical factor for improving ones ability to
cope with modern society as individual's age. The problem is that as users age,
natural physical and cognitive impairments make it more difficult for them to
use the required technology. The present study investigates the use of error
detection as a means of improving web access amongst older adults.
Specifically, error detection strategies are compared to observation as a means
of identifying the impairments of Internet users.
Motive and Affect Based Control for Uninhabited Vehicles
COGNITIVE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING: CE2 - Designing Robotic and
Unmanned Vehicles
/
Pepe, Aaron A.
/
Zachary, Wayne
/
Read, Stephen
/
Miller, Lynn
/
Iordanov, Vassil
/
Miller, Darius
/
Chopra, Gurveen
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52nd Annual Meeting
2008-09-22
v.52
p.226-230
© Copyright 2008 HFES
Summary: Two core challenges must be overcome to enable the wider use of robotic and
uninhabited vehicles by personnel with limited training. These are robust and
understandable autonomy and simplified, intuitive, and learnable human control
mechanisms. Our research is based on the premise that investigation into
computational models of human cognition, personality, communication, and
emotion can be used to solve leading edge problems in robotic and uninhabited
vehicle control. Specifically, it is hoped that Motive and Affect-based Robotic
Control (MARC) can enhance collaboration between human controllers and robotic
vehicles by enabling a motive and affect based control language and paradigm
that more closely resembles that used by human dyads and teams in collaborative
behavior. Results of our research indicate an improved ability of human
controllers with minimal training to use a MARC prototype to control multiple
UAV's in a simulated mission. Workload comparisons (Cooper-Harper and NASA-TLX)
with a baseline control interface indicate a clear advantage to the MARC based
system.
Extreme usability: adapting research approaches for agile development
Panels
/
Federoff, Melissa
/
Villamor, Craig
/
Miller, Lynn
/
Patton, Jeff
/
Rosenstein, Aviva
/
Baxter, Kathy
/
Kelkar, Kuldeep
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2008-04-05
v.2
p.2269-2272
© Copyright 2008 ACM
Summary: Agile development is being adopted by many leading software companies, such
as those represented by this panel. Though many instructional resources exist
to guide companies through a change to Agile Development, there are few
resources available on the subject of Agile development and User Centered
Design (UCD). As a result, user experience practitioners have had to develop
their own tactics and strategies for maintaining sound UCD practices within
their organizations when moving to Agile.
This panel consists of six practitioners who actively work with development
teams using Agile. Panel members will share the challenges and successes they
face while championing UCD within their respective development organizations.
Panelists will focus on adaptations to research methodology and strategy that
make UCD possible to attain within Agile cultures.
Optimizing agile user-centred design
Workshops
/
Sy, Desiree
/
Miller, Lynn
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2008-04-05
v.2
p.3897-3900
© Copyright 2008 ACM
Summary:
The goal of this workshop is to improve future Agile user centred design
(UCD) experiences for User Experience (UX) practitioners (such as interaction
designers, usability professionals, UI designers, etc.) by investigating best
practices for Agile UCD. To achieve this, senior UX practitioners with prior
experience on an Agile project will share their knowledge, collaborating in
order to:
- Identify success factors for Agile UCD
- Find and remove obstacles that block Agile UCD
- Find opportunities that Agile projects give us
- Identify best UX practices for Agile UCD
- Identify UX skills that Agile projects need.
The results of this investigation will be shared with the wider UX community
(including those new to Agile development.
Agile development: opportunity or fad?
Panels
/
Sharp, Helen
/
Biddle, Robert
/
Gray, Phil
/
Miller, Lynn
/
Patton, Jeff
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2006-04-22
v.2
p.32-35
© Copyright 2006 ACM
Summary: The importance of integrating software engineering and HCI methods has been
recognised for many years. Agile development is a new approach to software
engineering that explicitly champions an active role for the customer. Indeed,
eXtreme Programming (XP), one of the most popular agile development methods,
strives to include a real user(s) in the team who is located 'on-site' with
software developers.
In this panel we will debate whether or not agile software development
provides an opportunity to integrate HCI and software engineering concerns. The
panel members represent a wide cross-section of experiences in this area and
will consider how agile development can help improve the current situation,
consider specific example scenarios provided by the audience, and, with the
audience's help, will decide whether agile development is an opportunity not to
be missed, or just another fad that will pull the two communities further
apart.
Using learning styles to evaluate computer-based instruction
/
Miller, L. Michele
Computers in Human Behavior
2005-03
v.21
n.2
p.287-306
© Copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd.
Expertise and Aging in a Pilot Decision-Making Task
AGING: Aging General Session
/
Morrow, Daniel
/
Miller, Lisa Soederberg
/
Ridolfo, Heather
/
Kokayeff, Nina
/
Chang, Dervon
/
Fischer, Ute
/
Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting
2004-09-20
v.48
p.228-232
© Copyright 2004 HFES
Summary: We examined age/expertise trade-offs in a laboratory pilot decision-making
task. Expert and novice pilots read at their own pace brief scenarios that
described simpler or more complex flight situations, then in a standard
interview discussed the problem in the scenario and how they would respond if
they were pilot-in-command. Decision making was measured by coding the
protocols for correctly identifying the problems and solutions to problems.
Scenario comprehension was measured by reading time and the accuracy of
answering questions about the scenarios. All groups accurately identified the
problems, but experts elaborated problem descriptions more than novices did.
Older experts elaborated more, and older novices elaborated less, than their
younger counterparts. Older experts also identified more appropriate solutions
to problems while older novices identified less appropriate solutions compared
to their younger counterparts. Reading time findings suggested that experts
maintained decision-making accuracy by spending more time on critical
information when reading more complex scenarios.
Behavioral Issues in the Use of Interactive Systems
/
Miller, Lance A.
/
Thomas, John C., Jr.
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
1999
v.51
n.2
p.169-196
© Copyright 1999 Academic Press
Received March 10, 1977
Summary: This paper identifies behavioral issues related to the use of interactive
computers primarily by persons who are not computer professionals, so-called
"general users". This is not an exhaustive literature survey but instead
provides: (1) a structure for discussing issues of interactive computing, and
(2) the authors' best estimate of important behavioral problems, with
suggestions for solutions. The discussion is limited in this paper to general
issues which do not take into account the user's particular task. The two major
topics are System Characteristics (performance, facilities and on-line
information), and Interface Characteristics (dialogue style, displays and
graphics, other input/output media).
EDITED BOOK
Readings in Intelligent User Interfaces
/
Maybury, Mark T.
/
Wahlster, Wolfgang
1998
p.736
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Intelligent User Interfaces: An Introduction
I. MULTIMEDIA INPUT ANALYSIS
"Put-That-There": Voice and Gesture at the Graphics Interface
+ Bolt, R. A.
Synergistic Use of Direct Manipulation and Natural Language
+ Cohen, P. R.
+ Dalrymple, M.
+ Moran, D. B.
Natural Language with Integrated Deictic and Graphic Gestures
+ Neal, J. G.
+ Thielman, C. Y.
+ Dobes, Z.
Integrating Simultaneous Input from Speech, Gaze, and Hand Gestures
+ Koons, D. B.
+ Sparrell, C. J.
+ Thorisson, K. R.
The Use of Eye Movements in Human-Computer Interaction Techniques: What You Look at Is What You Get
+ Jacob, R.
II. MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION DESIGN
Automating the Generation of Coordinated Multimedia Explanations
+ Feiner, S. K.
+ McKeown, K. R.
Planning Multimedia Explanations Using Communicative Acts
+ Maybury, M. T.
Plan-Based Integration of Natural Language and Graphics Generation
+ Wahlster, W.
+ Andre, E.
+ Finkler, W.
Presentation Design Using an Integrated Knowledge Base
+ Arens, Y.
+ Miller, L.
+ Sondheimer, N. K.
Automatic Generation of Technical Documentation
+ Reiter, E.
+ Mellish, C.
+ Levine, J.
On the Knowledge Underlying Multimedia Presentations
+ Arens, Y.
+ Hovy, E.
+ Vossers, M.
III. AUTOMATED GRAPHICS DESIGN
Automating the Design of Graphical Presentations of Relational Information
+ Mackinlay, J. D.
Data Characterization for Intelligent Graphics Presentation
+ Roth, S. F.
+ Mattis, J.
A Task-Analytic Approach to the Automated Design of Graphic Presentations
+ Casner, S. M.
Automated Generation of Intent-Based 3D Illustrations
+ Seligmann, D.
+ Feiner, S.
Interactive Graphic Design Using Automatic Presentation Knowledge
+ Roth, S. F.
+ Kolojejchick, J.
+ Mattis, J.
IV. AUTOMATED LAYOUT
A Grid-Based Approach to Automating Display Layout
+ Feiner, S. K.
Automatic Generation of Formatted Text
+ Hovy, E.
+ Arens, Y.
Constraint-Based Graphical Layout of Multimodal Presentations
+ Graf, W. H.
An Empirical Study of Algorithms for Point-Feature Label Placement
+ Christensen, J.
+ Marks, J.
+ Shieber, S.
Grammar-Based Articulation for Multimedia Document Design
+ Weitzman, L.
+ Wittenburg, K.
V. USER AND DISCOURSE MODELING
User Modeling via Stereotypes
+ Rich, E.
Intelligent Interfaces as Agents
+ Chin, D. N.
User and Discourse Models for Multimodal Communication
+ Wahlster, W.
KN-AHS: An Adaptive Hypertext Client of the User Modeling System BGP-MS
+ Kobsa, A.
+ Muller, D.
+ Nill, A.
Planning Text for Advisory Dialogues: Capturing Intentional and Rhetorical Information
+ Moore, J. D.
+ Paris, C. L.
Planning Interactive Explanations
+ Cawsey, A.
Natural Language and Exploration of an Information Space: The ALFresco Interactive System
+ Stock, O.
The Application of Natural Language Models to Intelligent Multimedia
+ Burger, J. D.
+ Marshall, R. J.
VI. MODEL-BASED INTERFACES
Steamer: An Interactive Inspectable Simulation-Based Training System
+ Hollan, J. D.
+ Hutchins, E. L.
+ Weitzman, L. M.
A Knowledge-Based User Interface Management System
+ Foley, J.
+ Gibbs, C.
+ Kim, W.
ITS: A Tool for Rapidly Developing Interactive Applications
+ Wiecha, C.
+ Bennett, W.
+ Boies, S.
Beyond Interface Builders: Model-Based Interface Tools
+ Szekely, P.
+ Luo, P.
+ Neches, R.
Model-Based Automated Generation of User Interfaces
+ Puerta, A. R.
+ Eriksson, H.
+ Gennari, J. H.
Automatic Generation of a User Interface for Highly Interactive Business-Oriented Applications
+ Vanderdonckt, J.
VII. AGENT INTERFACES
Agents That Reduce Work and Information Overload
+ Maes, P.
Embedding Critics in Design Environments
+ Fischer, G.
+ Nakakoji, K.
+ Ostwald, J.
Multimodal Interaction for Distributed Interactive Simulation
+ Cohen, P.
+ Johnston, M.
+ McGee, D.
Speech Dialogue with Facial Displays: Multimodal Human-Computer Conversation
+ Nagao, K.
+ Takeuchi, A.
Animated Conversation: Rule-Based Generation of Facial Expression, Gesture and Spoken Intonation for Multiple Conversational Agents
+ Cassell, J.
+ Pelachaud, C.
+ Badler, N.
VIII. EVALUATION
A Morphological Analysis of the Design Space of Input Devices
+ Card, S. K.
+ Mackinlay, J. D.
+ Robertson, G. G.
Wizard of Oz Studies -- Why and How
+ Dahlback, N.
+ Jonsson, A.
+ Ahrenberg, L.
User-Centered Modeling for Spoken Language and Multimodal Interfaces
+ Oviatt, S. L.
PARADISE: A Framework for Evaluating Spoken Dialogue Agents
+ Walker, M.
+ Litman, D.
+ Kamm, C.
The Effect of Pictogram-Based Interface Design on Human-Computer Performance
/
Miller, Laura A.
/
Stanney, Kay M.
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
1997
v.9
n.2
p.119-131
© Copyright 1997 ACM
Summary: Metaphors are commonly used in human-computer interface design. These
metaphoric designs, however, often do not extend beyond the surface-level
interface. It stands to reason that a more valid test of the benefits of such
context-based designs would be derived from an analysis of metaphors that more
closely approximate human-environment interaction. In this study, the
influence of pictogram-based versus symbolic interface designs on
human-computer performance was empirically evaluated. First, a Goals,
Operators, Methods, Selection rules analysis was performed to determine how
closely each of the designs assimilated the actual procedures an individual
would use in real life. As expected, the symbolic design was found to break
from the analogy at an earlier stage than the pictogram-based design, thus
providing impetus for empirical testing. Novice and expert participants were
given a set of computer-based tasks to perform using both designs. Dependent
variables were performance time, total number of steps to task completion, and
subjective reports of workload. The performance results indicated that the
novices significantly benefited from the use of the pictogram-based design in
terms of performance time and efficiency. In addition, the performance of
experts was significantly more efficient while using the pictogram-based
design. These results provide empirical evidence to support the current trend
in pictorial human-computer interface designs.
Development and Evaluation of the Windows Computer Experience Questionnaire
(WCEQ)
/
Miller, Laura A.
/
Stanney, Kay M.
/
Wooten, William
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
1997
v.9
n.3
p.201-212
© Copyright 1997 ACM
Summary: The software market has been inundated with Windows-based application
programs claiming increased usability and convenience. Although this trend is
indeed prolific, it has resulted in two important implications: (a) an increase
in the need to select employees with high levels of Windows-based computer
expertise or to identify current employees who require enhanced training, and
(b) an increase in the need to measure user expertise to support human-computer
interaction research. Despite these increasing demands, questionnaires used to
determine general computer experience are scarce. Furthermore, questionnaires
regarding computer experience in a Windows environment are seemingly
nonexistent. A reliable means of measuring experience in a Windows environment
could substantially facilitate both human-computer interaction research and
training. This article describes the procedures used to develop and test the
reliability of the Windows Computer Experience Questionnaire (WCEQ). A
test-retest correlation revealed that the WCEQ is a reliable measure of
computer experience. Furthermore, a subsequent factor analysis revealed that
the WCEQ is composed of four main factors: general Windows experience, advanced
Windows experience, formal instruction, and reliance on help functions.
Assessing Cognitive Skill: Multiple Measures of Learning Outcomes
POSTERS
/
Ricci, Katrina E.
/
Blickensderfer, Elizabeth
/
Cannon-Bowers, Janis A.
/
Miller, Laura A.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting
1995-10-09
v.2
p.939
© Copyright 1995 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
WARNING: THE ABSTRACT OF THIS ENTRY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED
Summary: Recently, researchers have hypothesized that humans interact effectively
with their environment by organizing knowledge into meaningful patterns that
are stored in memory. The term "mental model" is often used to refer to this
knowledge organization (Gentner & Stevens, 1983). Moreover, it has been argued
that knowledge can be differentiated into declarative, procedural, and
strategic knowledge (Converse & Kahler, 1992; Stout, Cannon-Bowers, & Salas,
1994), all of which are hypothesized to affect performance. The current
investigation examined the extent to which two of these knowledge types --
declarative and procedural -- contributed to the acquisition of a complex
decision making task. This was done by measuring these types of knowledge
after training to determine their influence on task performance. It was
hypothesized that a true measure of cognitive skill must take into account all
components of an individual's mental model so that the causes of performance
differences may be more accurately diagnosed. Results are discussed in terms
of the diagnostic value of utilizing multiple measures to assess learning and
cognitive skill development.
The Effects of Realistic versus Unrealistic Desktop Interface Designs on
Novice and Expert Users
III.6 Screen Design 1
/
Miller, L. A.
/
Stanney, K. M.
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Human-Computer
Interaction
1995-07-09
v.III. Analysis, Design and Evaluation in Human-Computer Interaction
p.123-128
© Copyright 1995 Elsevier Science
Summary: Metaphors are one tool which designers have used to bridge the gap between
technology and the novice user. While metaphors work in theory, often the
metaphor falls apart or breaks down during seemingly logical procedures. It
would stand to reason that a metaphor which approximates the human-environment
interaction, and remains consistent in the analogy, would be a more valid test
of the benefits of a metaphor. In this study, novice and expert subjects were
given a set of four computer-based, editing tasks, each of which was composed
of six subtasks. The dependent variable was time to complete the task.
It was found that novice subjects significantly benefited from the use of
the realistic desktop design, while there were no significant differences in
the performance of expert users.
EDITED BOOK
Human-Computer Interface Design: Success Stories, Emerging Methods, and
Real-World Context
/
Rudisill, Marianne
/
Lewis, Clayton
/
Polson, Peter G.
/
McKay, Tim
1995
p.408
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Preface
Usability for Fun and Profit: A Case Study of the Design of DEC Rally Version 2
+ Wixon, Dennis
+ Jones, Sandy
Rapid, Integrated Design of a Multimedia Communication System
+ Francik, Ellen
The Xerox Star: An Influential User Interface Design
+ Miller, Lawrence H.
+ Johnson, Jeff
Project Ernestine: Analytic and Empirical Methods Applied to a Real-World CHI Problem
+ Atwood, Michael E.
+ Gray, Wayne D.
+ John, Bonnie E.
Pioneers and Settlers: Methods Used in Successful User Interface Design
+ Card, Stuart K.
Improving User Interfaces and Application Productivity by Using the ITS Application Development Environment
+ Gould, John D.
+ Ukelson, Jacob
+ Boies, Stephen J.
Lessons in Choosing Methods for Designing Complex Graphical User Interfaces
+ Rudman, Carrie
+ Engelbeck, George
Getting Around the Task-Artifact Cycle: How to Make Claims and Design by Scenario
+ Carroll, John M.
+ Rosson, Mary Beth
Mapping the Method Muddle: Guidance in Using Methods for User Interface Design
+ Olson, Judith S.
+ Moran, Thomas P.
Organizational Obstacles to Interface Design and Development: Two Participant Observer Studies
+ Poltrock, Steven E.
+ Grudin, Jonathan
System Design Practice, Emerging Development Acceleration Strategies, and the Role of User-Centered Design
+ Ritchie, R. Jay
+ List, Judith A.
Bringing Usability Effectively into Product Development
+ Conklin, Peter F.
Accepting the Challenge
+ Bennett, John L.
Respect and Beyond
+ Lewis, Clayton
+ Polson, Peter
EDITED BOOK
Intelligent User Interfaces
/
Sullivan, Joseph W.
/
Tyler, Sherman W.
1991
p.560
Reading, MA
Addison-Wesley Publishing
ACM Press
1 Introduction (1)
+ Miller, James R.
+ Sullivan, Joseph W.
+ Tyler, Sherman W.
I MULTIMODAL COMMUNICATION
2 Intelligent Multi-Media Interface Technology (11)
+ Neal, Jeannette G.
+ Shapiro, Stuart C.
3 User and Discourse Models for Multimodal Communication (45)
+ Wahlster, Wolfgang
4 The Contributing Influence of Speech and Interaction of Human Discourse Patterns (69)
+ Oviatt, Sharon L.
+ Cohen, Philip R.
II MODELS, PLANS, AND GOALS
5 An Intelligent Interface Architecture for Adaptive Interaction (85)
+ Tyler, Sherman W.
+ Schlossberg, Jon L.
+ Gargan, Robert A., Jr.
+ Cook, Linda K.
+ Sullivan, Joseph W.
6 General User Modeling: A Facility to Support Intelligent Interaction (111)
+ Kass, Robert
+ Finin, Tim
7 Communicating with High-Level Plans (129)
+ Bonar, Jeffrey
+ Liffick, Blaise W.
8 A Dialogue User Interface Architecture (157)
+ Young, Robert L.
9 Intelligent Interfaces as Agents (177)
+ Chin, David N.
III DYNAMIC PRESENTATION DESIGN
10 Graphics and Natural Language as Components of Automatic Explanation (207)
+ Roth, Steven F.
+ Mattis, Joe
+ Mesnard, Xavier
11 Presentation Design Using an Integrated Knowledge Base (241)
+ Arens, Yigal
+ Miller, Lawrence
+ Sondheimer, Norman
12 An Architecture for Knowledge-Based Graphical Interfaces (259)
+ Feiner, Stephen
13 Search Architectures for the Automatic Display of Graphical Presentations (281)
+ Mackinlay, Jock D.
IV KNOWLEDGE-BASED TOOLS FOR INTERFACE DESIGN
14 An Introduction to HITS: Human Interface Tool Suite (293)
+ Hollan, James
+ Rich, Elaine
+ Hill, William
+ Wroblewski, David
+ Wilner, Wayne
+ Wittenburg, Kent
+ Grudin, Jonathan
15 UIDE -- An Intelligent User Interface Design Environment (339)
+ Foley, James
+ Kim, Won Chul
+ Kovacevic, Srdjan
+ Murray, Kevin
16 Using AI Techniques to Create User Interfaces by Example (385)
+ Myers, Brad A.
17 Graphical Knowledge-Based Model Editors (403)
+ Cypher, Allen
+ Stelzner, Marilyn
18 BACKBOARD: An Implementation of Specification by Reformulation (421)
+ Yen, John
+ Neches, Robert
+ DeBellis, Michael
+ Szekely, Pedro
+ Aberg, Peter
19 Structuring Programs to Support Intelligent Interfaces (445)
+ Szekely, Pedro
Index (465)
