Combining Shape-Changing Interfaces and Spatial Augmented Reality Enables
Extended Object Appearance
Real Reality Interfaces
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Lindlbauer, David
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Grønbæk, Jens Emil
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Birk, Morten
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Halskov, Kim
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Alexa, Marc
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Müller, Jörg
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.791-802
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: We propose combining shape-changing interfaces and spatial augmented reality
for extending the space of appearances and interactions of actuated interfaces.
While shape-changing interfaces can dynamically alter the physical appearance
of objects, the integration of spatial augmented reality additionally allows
for dynamically changing objects' optical appearance with high detail. This
way, devices can render currently challenging features such as high frequency
texture or fast motion. We frame this combination in the context of computer
graphics with analogies to established techniques for increasing the realism of
3D objects such as bump mapping. This extensible framework helps us identify
challenges of the two techniques and benefits of their combination. We utilize
our prototype shape-changing device enriched with spatial augmented reality
through projection mapping to demonstrate the concept. We present a novel
mechanical distance-fields algorithm for real-time fitting of mechanically
constrained shape-changing devices to arbitrary 3D graphics. Furthermore, we
present a technique for increasing effective screen real estate for spatial
augmented reality through view-dependent shape change.
Influence of Display Transparency on Background Awareness and Task
Performance
Work, Multitasking, and Distraction
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Lindlbauer, David
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Lilija, Klemen
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Walter, Robert
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Müller, Jörg
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.1705-1716
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: It has been argued that transparent displays are beneficial for certain
tasks by allowing users to simultaneously see on-screen content as well as the
environment behind the display. However, it is yet unclear how much in
background awareness users gain and if performance suffers for tasks performed
on the transparent display, since users are no longer shielded from
distractions. Therefore, we investigate the influence of display transparency
on task performance and background awareness in a dual-task scenario. We
conducted an experiment comparing transparent displays with conventional
displays in different horizontal and vertical configurations. Participants
performed an attention-demanding primary task on the display while
simultaneously observing the background for target stimuli. Our results show
that transparent and horizontal displays increase the ability of participants
to observe the background while keeping primary task performance constant.
GelTouch: Localized Tactile Feedback Through Thin, Programmable Gel
Session 1A: Tactile Feedback
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Miruchna, Viktor
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Walter, Robert
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Lindlbauer, David
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Lehmann, Maren
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von Klitzing, Regine
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Müller, Jörg
Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and
Technology
2015-11-05
v.1
p.3-10
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: We present GelTouch, a gel-based layer that can selectively transition
between soft and stiff to provide tactile multi-touch feedback. It is flexible,
transparent when not activated, and contains no mechanical, electromagnetic, or
hydraulic components, resulting in a compact form factor (a 2mm thin
touchscreen layer for our prototype). The activated areas can be morphed freely
and continuously, without being limited to fixed, predefined shapes. GelTouch
consists of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel layer which alters its
viscoelasticity when activated by applying heat (>32°C). We present
three different activation techniques: 1) Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as a heating
element that enables tactile feedback through individually addressable taxels;
2) predefined tactile areas of engraved ITO, that can be layered and combined;
3) complex arrangements of resistance wire that create thin tactile edges. We
present a tablet with 6x4 tactile areas, enabling a tactile numpad, slider, and
thumbstick. We show that the gel is up to 25 times stiffer when activated and
that users detect tactile features reliably (94.8%).
Analyzing visual attention during whole body interaction with public
displays
Public displays
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Walter, Robert
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Bulling, Andreas
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Lindlbauer, David
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Schuessler, Martin
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Müller, Jörg
Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing
2015-09-07
p.1263-1267
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: While whole body interaction can enrich user experience on public displays,
it remains unclear how common visualizations of user representations impact
users' ability to perceive content on the display. In this work we use a
head-mounted eye tracker to record visual behavior of 25 users interacting with
a public display game that uses a silhouette user representation, mirroring the
users' movements. Results from visual attention analysis as well as post-hoc
recall and recognition tasks on display contents reveal that visual attention
is mostly on users' silhouette while peripheral screen elements remain largely
unattended. In our experiment, content attached to the user representation
attracted significantly more attention than other screen contents, while
content placed at the top and bottom of the screen attracted significantly
less. Screen contents attached to the user representation were also
significantly better remembered than those at the top and bottom of the screen.
Tracs: transparency-control for see-through displays
Augmented reality II
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Lindlbauer, David
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Aoki, Toru
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Walter, Robert
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Uema, Yuji
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Höchtl, Anita
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Haller, Michael
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Inami, Masahiko
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Müller, Jörg
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and
Technology
2014-10-05
v.1
p.657-661
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: We present Tracs, a dual-sided see-through display system with controllable
transparency. Traditional displays are a constant visual and communication
barrier, hindering fast and efficient collaboration of spatially close or
facing co-workers. Transparent displays could potentially remove these
barriers, but introduce new issues of personal privacy, screen content privacy
and visual interference. We therefore propose a solution with controllable
transparency to overcome these problems. Tracs consists of two see-through
displays, with a transparency-control layer, a backlight layer and a
polarization adjustment layer in-between. The transparency-control layer is
built as a grid of individually addressable transparency-controlled patches,
allowing users to control the transparency overall or just locally.
Additionally, the locally switchable backlight layer improves the contrast of
LCD screen content. Tracs allows users to switch between personal and
collaborative work fast and easily and gives them full control of transparent
regions on their display.
A chair as ubiquitous input device: exploring semaphoric chair gestures for
focused and peripheral interaction
Gesture-based interaction
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Probst, Kathrin
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Lindlbauer, David
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Haller, Michael
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Schwartz, Bernhard
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Schrempf, Andreas
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2014-04-26
v.1
p.4097-4106
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: During everyday office work we are used to controlling our computers with
keyboard and mouse, while the majority of our body remains unchallenged and the
physical workspace around us stays largely unattended. Addressing this untapped
potential, we explore the concept of turning a flexible office chair into a
ubiquitous input device. To facilitate daily desktop work, we propose the
utilization of semaphoric chair gestures that can be assigned to specific
application functionalities. The exploration of two usage scenarios in the
context of focused and peripheral interaction demonstrates high potential of
chair gestures as additional input modality for opportunistic, hands-free
interaction.
Perceptual grouping: selection assistance for digital sketching
Pen and touch
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Lindlbauer, David
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Haller, Michael
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Hancock, Mark
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Scott, Stacey D.
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Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Conference on Interactive
Tabletops and Surfaces
2013-10-06
p.51-60
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Modifying a digital sketch may require multiple selections before a
particular editing tool can be applied. Especially on large interactive
surfaces, such interactions can be fatiguing. Accordingly, we propose a method,
called Suggero, to facilitate the selection process of digital ink. Suggero
identifies groups of perceptually related drawing objects. These "perceptual
groups" are used to suggest possible extensions in response to a person's
initial selection. Two studies were conducted. First, a background study
investigated participant's expectations of such a selection assistance tool.
Then, an empirical study compared the effectiveness of Suggero with an existing
manual technique. The results revealed that Suggero required fewer pen
interactions and less pen movement, suggesting that Suggero minimizes fatigue
during digital sketching.
Rotating, tilting, bouncing: using an interactive chair to promote activity
in office environments
CSCW
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Probst, Kathrin
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Lindlbauer, David
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Greindl, Patrick
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Trapp, Markus
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Haller, Michael
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Schwartz, Bernhard
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Schrempf, Andreas
Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2013-04-27
v.2
p.79-84
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: A typical office worker nowadays spends the majority of his time sedentary
in the course of his working life. In this paper, we address the problem of
sedentariness in the context of office work through smooth integration of light
physical activity into the daily work routine. Equipping a flexible office
chair with motion sensing functionality, the chair becomes a ubiquitous input
device that provides an office worker with the possibility to use the movements
of his body for tilting, rotating, or bouncing to control his workplace
computer. Based on this idea, we apply an existing gesture taxonomy to body
movements on an active office chair, and explore different application
scenarios for ubiquitous gestural chair interaction.
Exploring the Use of Distributed Multiple Monitors within an
Activity-Promoting Sit-and-Stand Office Workspace
Physical Ergonomics
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Probst, Kathrin
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Lindlbauer, David
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Perteneder, Florian
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Haller, Michael
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Schwartz, Bernhard
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Schrempf, Andreas
Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'13: Human-Computer Interaction-3
2013
v.3
p.476-493
Keywords: Multi-Monitor; Distributed Display Environment; User Interaction
© Copyright 2013 IFIP
Summary: Nowadays sedentary behaviors such as prolonged sitting have become a
predominant element of our lives. Particularly in the office environment, many
people spend the majority of their working day seated in front of a computer.
In this paper, we investigate the adoption of a physically active work process
within an activity-promoting office workspace design that is composed of a
sitting and a standing workstation. Making use of multiple distributed
monitors, this environment introduces diversity into the office workflow
through the facilitation of transitions between different work-related tasks,
workstations, and work postures. We conducted a background study to get a
better understanding of how people are performing their daily work within this
novel workspace. Our findings identify different work patterns and basic
approaches for physical activity integration, which indicate a number of
challenges for software design. Based on the results of the study, we provide
design implications and highlight new directions in the field of HCI design to
support seamless alternation between different postures while working in such
an environment.
