Five Provocations for Ethical HCI Research
Thinking Critically
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Brown, Barry
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Weilenmann, Alexandra
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McMillan, Donald
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Lampinen, Airi
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.852-863
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: We present five provocations for ethics, and ethical research, in HCI. We
discuss, in turn, informed consent, the researcher-participant power
differential, presentation of data in publications, the role of ethical review
boards, and, lastly, corporate-facilitated projects. By pointing to unintended
consequences of regulation and oversimplifications of unresolvable moral
conflicts, we propose these provocations not as guidelines or recommendations
but as instruments for challenging our views on what it means to do ethical
research in HCI. We then suggest an alternative grounded in the sensitivities
of those being studied and based on everyday practice and judgement, rather
than one driven by bureaucratic, legal, or philosophical concerns. In
conclusion, we call for a wider and more practical discussion on ethics within
the community, and suggest that we should be more supportive of low-risk
ethical experimentation to further the field.
Hosting via Airbnb: Motivations and Financial Assurances in Monetized
Network Hospitality
The Economics of Being Online
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Lampinen, Airi
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Cheshire, Coye
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.1669-1680
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: We examine how financial assurance structures and the clearly defined
financial transaction at the core of monetized network hospitality reduce
uncertainty for Airbnb hosts and guests. We apply the principles of social
exchange and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to a qualitative study of
Airbnb hosts to 1) describe activities that are facilitated by the peer-to-peer
exchange platform and 2) how the assurance of the initial financial exchange
facilitates additional social exchanges between hosts and guests. The study
illustrates that the financial benefits of hosting do not necessarily crowd out
intrinsic motivations for hosting but instead strengthen them and even act as a
gateway to further social exchange and interpersonal interaction. We describe
the assurance structures in networked peer-to-peer exchange, and explain how
such assurances can reconcile contention between extrinsic and intrinsic
motivations. We conclude with implications for design and future research.
Data and the City
Civic Tech, Participation and Society
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McMillan, Donald
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Engström, Arvid
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Lampinen, Airi
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Brown, Barry
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.2933-2944
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: We consider how data is produced and used in cities. We draw on our
experiences working with city authorities, along with twenty interviews across
four cities to understand the role that data plays in city government.
Following the development and deployment of innovative data-driven technology
projects in the cities, we look in particular at collaborations around open and
crowdsourced data, issues with the politicisation of data, and problems in
innovating within the highly regulated public sphere. We discuss what this
means for cities, citizens, innovators, and for visions of big data in the
smart city as a whole.
Smartwatch in vivo
Multi-Device Interaction
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Pizza, Stefania
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Brown, Barry
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McMillan, Donald
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Lampinen, Airi
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.5456-5469
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: In recent years, the smartwatch has returned as a form factor for mobile
computing with some success. Yet it is not clear how smartwatches are used and
integrated into everyday life differently from mobile phones. For this paper,
we used wearable cameras to record twelve participants' daily use of
smartwatches, collecting and analysing incidents where watches were used from
over 34 days of user recording. This allows us to analyse in detail 1009 watch
uses. Using the watch as a timepiece was the most common use, making up 50% of
interactions, but only 14% of total watch usage time. The videos also let us
examine why and how smartwatches are used for activity tracking, notifications,
and in combination with smartphones. In discussion, we return to a key question
in the study of mobile devices: how are smartwatches integrated into everyday
life, in both the actions that we take and the social interactions we are part
of?
Bridging the Gap between Privacy by Design and Privacy in Practice
Workshop Summaries
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Stark, Luke
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King, Jen
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Page, Xinru
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Lampinen, Airi
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Vitak, Jessica
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Wisniewski, Pamela
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Whalen, Tara
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Good, Nathaniel
Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems
2016-05-07
v.2
p.3415-3422
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: While there has been considerable academic work over the past decade on
preserving and enhancing digital privacy, little of this scholarship has
influenced practitioners in design or industry. By bringing together leading
privacy academics and commercial stakeholders, this workshop builds on previous
gatherings at ACM conferences and in the broader privacy community. Workshop
attendees will address the 'privacy by design' implementation problem, and will
work together to identify actionable methods and design heuristics for closing
the gap between academic research and industry solutions for protecting user
privacy in the design of systems, digital products and services.
Does the Sharing Economy do any Good?
Panels
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Dillahunt, Tawanna
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Lampinen, Airi
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O'Neill, Jacki
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Terveen, Loren
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Kendrick, Cory
Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2016 Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work and Social Computing
2016-02-27
v.2
p.197-200
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: Despite the benefits offered by sharing economy, researchers have identified
several challenges preventing disadvantaged groups (e.g. low socioeconomic
status, un(der)employed and/or users from emerging regions) from receiving the
same level of benefits as those from advantaged populations. This panel brings
researchers from the sharing economy and mobile crowdsourcing space whose
research has identified unique challenges for underserved populations. We
consider the opportunities offered by these platforms to disadvantaged
communities and examine to what extent these platforms instead may recreate
disadvantage, as well as the workarounds communities employ to make these
platforms work for them. We examine the opportunities for the CSCW community to
address these challenges going forward.
CSCW and theSharing Economy: The Future of Platforms as Sites of Work
Collaboration and Trust
Workshops
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Lampinen, Airi
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Bellotti, Victoria
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Cheshire, Coye
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Gray, Mary
Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2016 Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work and Social Computing
2016-02-27
v.2
p.491-497
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: Networked platforms for peer-to-peer exchange and on-demand labor, along
with the practices that they foster, are attracting increasing attention from
CSCW scholars. This workshop seeks to bring the emerging community together to
explore how the new domain of "sharing economy" research could help shift
forward broader conceptual and theoretical efforts within CSCW, and how, on the
other hand, we might utilize prior work more effectively to inform our research
agenda and efforts in this emerging sub-area of the field. In particular, the
workshop focuses on the future of platforms as sites of work, collaboration and
trust. The workshop approaches sharing and the "sharing economy" phenomenon
inclusively, adopting a "big tent" approach to invite broad participation. The
one-day event will consist of diverse activities, with an emphasis on in-depth
conversations, community building, and support for establishing new
collaborations.
Studying the "Sharing Economy": Perspectives to Peer-to-Peer Exchange
Panels
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Lampinen, Airi
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Bellotti, Victoria
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Monroy-Hernández, Andrés
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Cheshire, Coye
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Samuel, Alexandra
Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2015 Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work and Social Computing
2015-03-14
v.2
p.117-121
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: A number of technological platforms, that have come to be known as the
"sharing economy" or "collaborative consumption," are disrupting established
industries with new decentralized peer-to-peer marketplaces. While peer-to-peer
exchange and co-use practices are a relatively new research area, they are
rapidly developing in both commercial and nonprofit variants. In this session,
we bring together people from different disciplines to explore these issues,
and to present future directions for research on sharing economies in the CSCW
community. Our aim is to widen the "sharing economy" debate in CSCW. In order
to better situate this stream of work within CSCW, we will connect "sharing
economy" research to broader topical issues and concerns, such as networked
coordination of peer-to-peer activities and the future of work and labor.
The Future of Networked Privacy: Challenges and Opportunities
Workshops
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Vitak, Jessica
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Wisniewski, Pamela
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Page, Xinru
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Lampinen, Airi
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Litt, Eden
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De Wolf, Ralf
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Kelley, Patrick Gage
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Sleeper, Manya
Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2015 Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work and Social Computing
2015-03-14
v.2
p.267-272
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: Building on recent work in privacy management and disclosure in networked
spaces, this two-day workshop examines networked privacy challenges from a
broader perspective by (1) identifying the most important issues researchers
will need to address in the next decade and (2) working to create actionable
solutions for these privacy issues. This workshop comes at a critical time for
organizations, researchers, and consumers, as content-sharing applications soar
in popularity and more privacy and security vulnerabilities emerge. Workshop
participants and organizers will work together to develop a guiding framework
for the community that highlights the future challenges and opportunities of
networked privacy.
Monetizing Network Hospitality: Hospitality and Sociability in the Context
of Airbnb
Location, Location, Location
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Ikkala, Tapio
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Lampinen, Airi
Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2015 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work and Social Computing
2015-02-28
v.1
p.1033-1044
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: We present a qualitative study of hospitality exchange processes that take
place via the online peer-to-peer platform Airbnb. We explore 1) what motivates
individuals to monetize network hospitality and 2) how the presence of money
ties in with the social interaction related to network hospitality. We approach
the topic from the perspective of hosts -- that is, Airbnb users who
participate by offering accommodation for other members in exchange for
monetary compensation. We found that participants were motivated to monetize
network hospitality for both financial and social reasons. Our analysis
indicates that the presence of money can provide a helpful frame for network
hospitality, supporting hosts in their efforts to accomplish desired
sociability, select guests consistent with their preferences, and control the
volume and type of demand. We conclude the paper with a critical discussion of
the implications of our findings for network hospitality and, more broadly, for
the so-called sharing economy.
Account sharing in the context of networked hospitality exchange
Family
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Lampinen, Airi M. I.
Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2014 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work and Social Computing
2014-02-15
v.1
p.499-504
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: This paper examines account sharing in the context of networked hospitality
exchange. I discuss the dynamics of account sharing based on a qualitative
interview study with multi-person households who offer to host visitors via
Couchsurfing.org. Findings reveal that multi-person households that engage in
account sharing face several challenges, including presenting multiple people
in one profile, coordinating negotiations over access to domestic space, and
representing in a fair way the reputation hosts have accumulated together over
time. Amidst the rising rhetoric of a 'reputation economy', this paper calls
for engaging the inclusions, exclusions, and inequalities that reputation
metrics may renew or create, especially if they fail to acknowledge people's
account sharing practices. Furthermore, this paper encourages adopting a design
focus beyond individuals in order to support maintaining shared accounts and
interacting with others through them. The findings have implications for a
variety of hospitality exchange services and other online systems.
Defining the price of hospitality: networked hospitality exchange via Airbnb
Posters
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Ikkala, Tapio
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Lampinen, Airi
Companion Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2014 Conference on Computer-Supported
Cooperative Work and Social Computing
2014-02-15
v.2
p.173-176
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: This study examines how money mediates and structures social exchange in a
hospitality exchange service, and how social and economic factors guiding
exchange get intertwined in this context. We present a qualitative study on the
experiences of people who offer to rent out their homes, or parts of them, via
the online peer-to-peer renting service Airbnb. Our study suggests that the
frame monetary transactions set to exchange relationships contributes to the
hosts' sense of control and ease in the exchange. We identified two behavioral
patterns that highlight the importance of reputation and trust: (1) hosts
divert their accumulated reputational capital into the rental price and (2)
they may price their property below "the market price", so that they can choose
their exchange partners form a wider pool of candidates.
Indebtedness, reciprocity, and fairness in local online exchange
Local is where it's at
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Lampinen, Airi
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Lehtinen, Vilma
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Cheshire, Coye
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Suhonen, Emmi
Proceedings of ACM CSCW'13 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
2013-02-23
v.1
p.661-672
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary: Many existing and emerging online systems allow people to share content and
coordinate the exchange of goods and favors in local geographic settings. We
present a qualitative case study of user experiences concerning exchange and
reciprocity in local online exchange. Findings from eleven in-depth interviews
(containing forty-nine separate exchange experiences) reveal an aversion to
indebtedness and several user behaviors that lessen these negative feelings:
(1) offering small tokens of appreciation to exchange partners, (2)
understanding and accepting the indirect nature of generalized exchange, (3)
managing expectations by framing offers and requests carefully, (4) minimizing
efforts needed in exchange processes, and (5) bartering and exchanging for a
third party. The paper contributes to our understanding of emergent behaviors
and norms in local online exchange systems. We discuss design implications from
these empirical insights that can help alleviate the discomfort of indebtedness
and better encourage and sustain participation in systems of indirect
reciprocity.
Measuring networked social privacy
Workshop summaries
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Page, Xinru
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Tang, Karen
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Stutzman, Fred
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Lampinen, Airi
Proceedings of ACM CSCW'13 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
2013-02-23
v.2
p.315-320
© Copyright 2013 ACM
Summary:
Much privacy research focuses on concerns about data protection and has
established metrics, such as privacy scales, for evaluating those concerns.
Recent work recognizes the importance of understanding interpersonal and
interactional privacy concerns in social media, but ways to measure privacy
within these contexts remain unsettled. This workshop aims to cultivate an
understanding of the current landscape for interpersonal privacy framework and
ways to measure social privacy for networked settings. For full details, visit
networkedprivacy2013.wordpress.com/
Privacy: is there an app for that?
Privacy on social network sites
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King, Jennifer
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Lampinen, Airi
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Smolen, Alex
Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
2011-07-20
p.12
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: Users of social networking sites (SNSs) increasingly must learn to negotiate
privacy online with multiple service providers. Facebook's third-party
applications (apps) add an additional layer of complexity and confusion for
users seeking to understand and manage their privacy. We conducted a novel
exploratory survey (conducted on Facebook as a Platform app) to measure how
Facebook app users interact with apps, what they understand about how apps
access and exchange their profile information, and how these factors relate to
their privacy concerns. In our analysis, we paid special attention to our most
knowledgeable respondents: given their expertise, would they differ in
behaviors or attitudes from less knowledgeable respondents? We found that
misunderstandings and confusion abound about how apps function and how they
manage profile data. Against our expectations, knowledge or behavior weren't
consistent predictors of privacy concerns with third-party apps or on SNSs in
general. Instead, whether or not the respondent experienced an adverse privacy
event on a social networking site was a reliable predictor of privacy
attitudes.
We're in it together: interpersonal management of disclosure in social
network services
Privacy
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Lampinen, Airi
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Lehtinen, Vilma
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Lehmuskallio, Asko
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Tamminen, Sakari
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2011-05-07
v.1
p.3217-3226
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: The workload needed for managing privacy and publicness in current social
network services (SNSs) is placed on individuals, yet people have few means to
control what others disclose about them. This paper considers SNS-users'
concerns in relation to online disclosure and the ways in which they cope with
these both individually and collaboratively. While previous work has focused
mainly on individual coping strategies, our findings from a qualitative study
with 27 participants suggest that collaborative strategies in boundary
regulation are of additional importance. We present a framework of strategies
for boundary regulation that informs both theoretical work and design practice
related to management of disclosure in SNSs. The framework considers disclosure
as an interpersonal process of boundary regulation, in which people are
dependent on what others choose to disclose about them. The paper concludes by
proposing design solutions supportive of collaborative and preventive
strategies in boundary regulation that facilitate the management of disclosure
online.
Privacy for a Networked World: bridging theory and design
Workshops
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Lampinen, Airi
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Stutzman, Fred
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Bylund, Markus
Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
2011-05-07
v.2
p.2441-2444
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: As our lives are more commonly mediated by IT, an interactional perspective
of privacy [7] is increasingly applicable to the study of how people find and
construct privacy in socio-technical interactions. This perspective has
received increasing attention within the HCI research community in recent
years. While the interactional perspective has proven effective as a starting
point for theoretical and empirical studies of privacy in relation to everyday
use of IT, there remain important open questions regarding how to translate
results based on this perspective into design practice. Addressing these
questions requires a greater sensitivity to when interactional privacy is
applicable, a better understanding of suitable research methods, and more
effective means for communicating results to the research and practitioner
communities.
"I'll press play, but I won't listen": profile work in a music-focused
social network service
Personalities & profiles
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Silfverberg, Suvi
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Liikkanen, Lassi A.
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Lampinen, Airi
Proceedings of ACM CSCW'11 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
2011-03-19
p.207-216
© Copyright 2011 ACM
Summary: We offer the concept of profile work to illustrate the effort people invest
in their public profiles in social network services (SNSs). In our explorative
study, we investigated profile work in Last.fm, an SNS that automatically
publishes music listening information. We found that, instead of simply not
publishing things they might rather keep private, users tend to change their
music listening behavior in order to control their self-presentation. Four
dimensions of profile work were identified, including detailed mechanisms to
regulate one's profile. We suggest ways to support users' profile work in the
context of automated sharing of behavior information.
Everyday favors: a case study of a local online gift exchange system
Create, donate, collaborate
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Suhonen, Emmi
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Lampinen, Airi
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Cheshire, Coye
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Antin, Judd
GROUP'10: International Conference on Supporting Group Work
2010-11-06
p.11-20
© Copyright 2010 ACM
Summary: This paper focuses on online gift exchange in a setting where online and
offline interactions are tightly intertwined and most of the exchanges require
face-to-face interaction to be completed. We present a local online gift
exchange system, Kassi, and a seven-month case study of its use. Based on
survey material and logs of system usage, we analyze users' motivations to
contribute to the system and the community. While most users held favorable
attitudes towards the system, many reasons for not using the service were
found. We set our findings into perspective by discussing different ways of
defining participation, measuring use, and qualifying different types of
contributions. We argue that when users try to fit a system into their everyday
lives, designers should consider supporting such efforts -- even if user
behavior does not match expectations. Designers who encourage emergent and
unanticipated behaviors can enhance users' sense of participation and encourage
the leap from intention to realized action.
Practices of balancing privacy and publicness in social network services
Poster session II -- doctoral colloquium
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Lampinen, Airi
GROUP'10: International Conference on Supporting Group Work
2010-11-06
p.343-344
© Copyright 2010 ACM
Summary: While social media is all about sharing content with a community, few people
wish to share everything, with everyone, all the time. This means that users
balance between making some things public and keeping other content private.
The presented dissertation research concerns practices of managing privacy and
publicness in social network services (SNS), with a focus on group co-presence,
interdependence and differing levels of use activity. The work aims at gaining
insight into social identities and self-presentation in the era of
technologically mediated social interaction. The findings are expected to
contribute to design solutions that could lighten the privacy and publicness
management burden that users of social media currently bear.
All My People Right Here, Right Now: management of group co-presence on a
social networking site
Collaborative management
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Lampinen, Airi
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Tamminen, Sakari
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Oulasvirta, Antti
GROUP'09: International Conference on Supporting Group Work
2009-05-10
p.281-290
Keywords: computer-mediated communication, group co-presence, groups, social
networking, social networking site
© Copyright 2009 ACM
Summary: A mundane but theoretically interesting and practically relevant situation
presents itself on social networking sites: the co-presence of multiple groups
important to an individual. This primarily qualitative study concentrates on
the point of view of individual SNS users and their perspectives on multiple
group affiliations. After charting the perceived multiplicity of groups on the
social networking site Facebook, we investigated the relevance of multiple
groups to the users and the effect of group co-presence on psychological
identification processes. Users deal with group co-presence by managing the
situation to prevent anticipated conflictive and identity-threatening
situations. Their behavioral strategies consist of dividing the platform into
separate spaces, using suitable channels of communication, and performing
self-censorship. Mental strategies include both the creation of more inclusive
in-group identities and the reciprocity of trusting other users and being
responsible. In addition to giving further evidence of the existence of group
co-presence on SNSs, the study sheds light on the management of the phenomenon.
Management of group co-presence should be supported, since otherwise users may
feel the urge to resort to defensive strategies of social identity protection
such as ceasing to use SNSs altogether or, less dramatically, limit their use
according to "the least common denominator". Hence, the phenomenon merits the
attention of researchers, developers, and designers alike.
