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Metadating: Exploring the Romance and Future of Personal Data Personal informatic Dear Data / Elsden, Chris / Nissen, Bettina / Garbett, Andrew / Chatting, David / Kirk, David / Vines, John Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.685-698
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: We introduce Metadating -- a future-focused research and speed-dating event where single participants were invited to "explore the romance of personal data". Participants created "data profiles" about themselves, and used these to "date" other participants. In the rich context of dating, we study how personal data is used conversationally to communicate and illustrate identity. We note the manner in which participants carefully curated their profiles, expressing ambiguity before detail, illustration before accuracy. Our findings proposition a set of data services and features, each concerned with representing and curating data in new ways, beyond a focus on purely rational or analytic relationships with a quantified self. Through this, we build on emerging interest in "lived informatics" and raise questions about the experience and social reality of a "data-driven life".

Accountable: Exploring the Inadequacies of Transparent Financial Practice in the Non-Profit Sector I want to know my data Democratizing, Opening and Comprehending Data / Marshall, Matthew / Kirk, David S. / Vines, John Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.1620-1631
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Increasingly, governments and organisations publish data on expenditure and finance as 'open' data in order to be more transparent to the public in how funding is spent. Accountable is a web-based tool that visualises and relates open financial data provided by local government and non-profit organisations (NPOs) in the UK. A qualitative study was conducted where Accountable was treated as a technology probe, and used by representatives of NPOs and members of the public who invest their time or effort voluntarily into such organisations. The study highlighted how: current open data sets provided by public bodies are inadequate in their representation of funding structures; the focus on finance and fiscal expenditure in such data makes invisible the in-kind effort of volunteers and the wider beneficiaries of an organisation's work; and problems arising from the interoperability of open data technologies. The paper concludes with implications for the design of future systems, considering the domains of transparency and accountability in relation to the findings.

Ritual Machines I & II: Making Technology at Home Distance Still Matters / Kirk, David S. / Chatting, David / Yurman, Paulina / Bichard, Jo-Anne Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.2474-2486
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Changing patterns of both work-related mobility and domestic arrangements mean that 'mobile workers' face challenges to support and engage in family life whilst travelling for work. Phatic devices offer some potential to provide connection at a distance alongside existing communications infrastructure. Through a bespoke design process, incorporating phases of design ethnography, critical technical practice and provotyping we have developed Ritual Machines I and II as material explorations of mobile workers' lives and practices. In doing this we sought to reflect upon the practices through which families accomplish mobile living, the values they place in technology for doing 'family' at a distance and to draw insights in to the potential roles of digital technology in supporting them. We frame the design of our phatic devices in discussion of processes of bespoke design, offer advice on supporting mobile workers when travelling and articulate the values of making a technology at home when designing for domestic and mobile settings.

It's Just My History Isn't It?: Understanding Smart Journaling Practices Big Data and Local Society / Elsden, Chris / Durrant, Abigail C. / Kirk, David S. Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.2819-2831
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Smart journals are both an emerging class of lifelogging applications and novel digital possessions, which are used to create and curate a personal record of one's life. Through an in-depth interview study of analogue and digital journaling practices, and by drawing on a wide range of research around --technologies of memory?, we address fundamental questions about how people manage and value digital records of the past. Appreciating journaling as deeply idiographic, we map a broad range of user practices and motivations and use this understanding to ground four design considerations: recognizing the motivation to account for one's life; supporting the authoring of a unique perspective and finding a place for passive tracking as a chronicle. Finally, we argue that smart journals signal a maturing orientation to issues of digital archiving.

ResViz: Politics and Design Issues in Visualizing Academic Metrics Visualization Methods and Evaluation / Elsden, Chris / Mellor, Sebastian / Olivier, Patrick / Wheldon, Pete / Kirk, David / Comber, Rob Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.5015-5027
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: The use of data and metrics on a professional and personal level has led to considerable discourse around the performative power and politics of 'big data' and data visualization, with academia being no exception. We have developed a university system, ResViz, which publicly visualizes the externally funded research projects of academics, and their internal collaborations. We present an interview study that engages 20 key stakeholders, academics and administrators who are part of the pilot release for the first version of this system. In doing so, we describe and problematize our design space, considering the implications of making metrics visible and their social use within a large organization. Our findings cut across the way people communicate, review and manage performance with metrics. We raise seven design issues in this space -- practical considerations that expose the tensions in making metrics available for public contestation.

Future of Human-Building Interaction Workshop Summaries / Alavi, Hamed S. / Lalanne, Denis / Nembrini, Julien / Churchill, Elizabeth / Kirk, David / Moncur, Wendy Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.2 p.3408-3414
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: In 2030, we will have a different interactive experience with our built environments, at home, at work, and even in public urban spaces. This is attributed to advancements in sensing and actuation systems that can integrate into the building infrastructures, in symbiosis with the new environmental concerns that call for new life, work, and mobility styles. This change, whether gradual or sudden, evident or seamless, can have a remarkable impact on our everyday experiences, and thus entails efforts to envision possible scenarios and plan for them. We believe that buildings, as they would embody our digital and physical interactive daily experiences, should be designed and nurtured in a dialogue with their users at the individual as well as social levels. This implies a responsibility of the HCI community to intervene and involve the user in the Human-Building Interaction (HBI) design practice. We propose bringing together expertise from the fields of human-computer interaction, building and urban architecture, and social sciences, and provide them with an occasion for collaboratively creating and sharing 'images' of HBI by 2030. The goal is to uncover research opportunities and challenges that will emerge through discussions and multi-faceted debates about the topics proposed.

Diri -- the actuated helium balloon: a study of autonomous behaviour in interfaces Interacting with animals and flying robots / Nowacka, Diana / Hammerla, Nils Y. / Elsden, Chris / Plötz, Thomas / Kirk, David Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing 2015-09-07 p.349-360
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Research on actuated interfaces has shown that people respond in certain socialized ways to interfaces that exhibit autonomous behaviours. We wished to explore the elements of design that drive people to regard an autonomous, interactive system as a social agent. To explore perceptions of autonomous behaviour in interfaces we created Diri -- an autonomous helium balloon, used to document activity in spaces. We implemented two different technological sophistications of Diri, to compare the outcomes of our design decisions. We present our design process, technical details and evaluation workshops, concluding with implications for designing for autonomous behaviour in interfaces.

Designing for family phatic communication: a design critique approach Designing for reflection I / Chatting, David / Kirk, David S. / Yurman, Paulina / Bichard, Jo-Anne Proceedings of the 2015 British Human Computer Interaction Conference 2015-07-13 p.175-183
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Changing patterns of domestic life mean that it is increasingly common for people to work away from home for extended periods. Communications technologies are arguably positioned to help repair ensuing emotional disconnects. We are exploring the use of technology to support re-engagement in the quotidian rituals of family life to foster emotional connectedness whilst away from home. Adopting a design research approach, we develop five sensibilities for productively critiquing and developing design proposals for such domestic technologies. These sensibilities, Temporality, Expression, Connectivity, Reciprocality and Perceivable Volume, are derived from a critical analysis of 68 extant designs, which we illustrate with six exemplars supporting differing levels of ritualistic behaviour. To demonstrate the critical utility of these sensibilities for design processes, we interrogate two early design sketches. We contribute further critical reflections on design research methods and the role of 'design critique' in technology development.

Nature Bot: Experiencing Nature in the Built Environment Posters and Demos Session 1 / McDonald, Sophie / Kirk, David / Bryan-Kinns, Nick Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition 2015-06-22 p.173-176
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Nature Bot is a two-part, interactive art installation that uses technology to facilitate a remote exploration of nature through a remote controlled robot with video link, whilst simultaneously reflecting the exploration through a kinetic reactive sculpture within a local built environment. Attention Restoration Theory (ART) was used to design the system so that it harnesses the beneficial properties of "wild nature." The project presents a unique approach to using technology to mediate a sense of immersive connection to nature, providing the user with agency within an external natural environment. The results of a qualitative user experience study suggest the installation fulfilled the elements of ART necessary for an environment conducive of mental restoration and feelings of well-being, and that it reflected a sense of nature within the built environment.

Beyond Personal Informatics: Designing for Experiences with Data Workshop Summaries / Elsden, Chris / Kirk, David / Selby, Mark / Speed, Chris Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2015-04-18 v.2 p.2341-2344
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: A data-driven life is increasingly possible, yet research and previous workshops have tended to focus on the utility of personal informatics -- especially for behaviour change -- rather than 'lived informatics' as experienced. This workshop proposes to engage participants in conversation, scenario building and conceptual design that deeply and critically examines the multiple roles personal informatics can play in people's everyday lives and map out novel design opportunities and challenges.

Design-Led Inquiry for Mobile Lives Workshop Summaries / Kazakos, Konstantinos / Kirk, David / Durrant, Abigail / Chatting, David / Yurman, Paulina / Bichard, Jo-Anne / Paik, Jaemin Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2015-04-18 v.2 p.2393-2396
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Mobile living and working has become a feature of everyday experience and interaction with others, mediated by digital, Internet-enabled technology. Such patterns of interaction in 'mobile lives' pose new opportunities and challenges for people and societies. We argue that design-led inquiry has a potentially transformative role to play in addressing these opportunities and challenges of mobile living and working, in future HCI research. This workshop aims to bring together design researchers and practitioners in an effort to critically explore the use of design-led inquiry within HCI research on mobile lives, for conceptual and empirical investigation, and for forms of stakeholder and partner engagement.

An emergent framework for digital memorials Digital memory / Moncur, Wendy / Kirk, David Proceedings of DIS'14: Designing Interactive Systems 2014-06-21 v.1 p.965-974
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Memorialization is a ubiquitous human practice, which is increasingly intersecting with our digital lives. It is becoming ever more commonplace to see discussions and examples of digital memorials in research literature, technology shows and art galleries. However, the design space for digital memorials has, to date, been little explored. In this paper, we propose an emergent framework for digital memorials, based around notions of actors, inputs, form and message. The framework is grounded in examples of current memorialization practice, and situated within a contextual understanding of memorials as an emergent digital phenomenon within a networked society. In detailing the framework we highlight features of the design space that can be exploited in the development of bespoke memorial technologies, and identify potential areas of future interest that this framework brings to the fore, such as HCI's engagement with critical concepts of the postself and temporality.

A quantified past: remembering with personal informatics Provocations and work-in-progress (P-WiP) / Elsden, Chris / Kirk, David S. Companion Proceedings of DIS'14: Designing Interactive Systems 2014-06-21 v.2 p.45-48
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper questions how we will interact with our "Quantified Past", the historical record created by our daily use of personal informatics tools. Bringing together HCI research on memory and personal informatics, we introduce an ongoing user-study and several speculations for the long-term design and use of personal informatics tools.

Designing for slowness, anticipation and re-visitation: a long term field study of the photobox Critical design / Odom, William T. / Sellen, Abigail J. / Banks, Richard / Kirk, David S. / Regan, Tim / Selby, Mark / Forlizzi, Jodi L. / Zimmerman, John Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2014-04-26 v.1 p.1961-1970
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: We describe the design, implementation and deployment of Photobox, a domestic technology that prints four or five randomly selected photos from the owner's Flickr collection at random intervals each month. We deployed Photobox in three homes for fourteen months, to explore how the slow pace at which it operates could support experiences of anticipation and re-visitation of the past. Findings reveal changes in attitude toward the device, from frustration to eventual acceptance. Participants drew on the photos to reflect on past life events and reactions indicated a renewed interest for their Flickr collection. Photobox also provoked reflection on technology in and around the home. These findings suggest several opportunities, such as designing for anticipation, better supporting reflection on the past, and, more generally, expanding the slow technology research program within the HCI community.

Human values in curating a human rights media archive CHI for social development / Durrant, Abigail C. / Kirk, David S. / Reeves, Stuart Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2014-04-26 v.1 p.2685-2694
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Cultural institutions, such as museums, often curate politically and ethically sensitive materials. Increasingly, Internet-enabled, digital technology intersects with these curatorial practices offering new opportunities for public and scholarly engagement. We report on a case study of human rights media archiving at a genocide memorial centre in Rwanda, motivated by our interests in ICT support to memorialisation practices. Through an analysis of our discussions with staff about their work, we report on how accounts of the Rwandan Genocide are being captured and curated to support the centre's humanitarian agenda and associated values. We identify transferable curatorial concerns for human rights media communication amongst scholarly networks and public audiences worldwide, elucidating interaction design challenges for supportive ICT and contributing to HCI discourses on Value Sensitive Design and cultural engagement with sensitive materials.

Tangible autonomous interfaces (TAIs): exploring autonomous behaviours in TUIs In focus or not? / Nowacka, Diana / Kirk, David Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction 2014-02-16 p.1-8
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: The use of autonomous behaviour in Tangible User Interfaces can potentially create a compelling and new kind of interaction between humans and computers. We motivate this argument by reviewing related research, which indicates that people are engaged by apparently autonomous behaviours in tangible objects and apply rules of social behaviour towards these smart objects. Our intention is to leverage this effect in support of human-computer interaction. Rather than aiming to improve user performance, we argue that such interfaces can offer a richer and more enjoyable autonomous interface interaction. Herein we present a framework highlighting key concepts and characteristics which are important while designing and implementing Tangible Autonomous Interfaces.

Facilitating TV production using StoryCrate Creativity in the performing arts / Bartindale, Tom / Valentine, Elizabeth / Glancy, Maxine / Kirk, David / Wright, Peter / Olivier, Patrick Proceedings of the 2013 ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition 2013-06-17 p.193-202
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: StoryCrate [2] is a collaborative editing tool developed to drive creative workflow within a location based television production environment. The system was deployed in a real-world context, using professional production staff to produce a short film. In this paper we present an exploration into this deployment using interviews, observations and accounts from the crew. We provide an in-depth analysis of the study and the impact of StoryCrate on the crew's workflow. By providing a narrative of the deployment we describe how it was appropriated in-the-wild, and discuss considerations for designing tools to aid creative professionals in similarly hierarchical domains.

Exploring the diversity of families: designing technologies for the contemporary family life Workshop summaries / Kazakos, Konstantinos / Bales, Elizabeth / Neustaedter, Carman / Yarosh, Svetlana / Kaye, Joseph 'Jofish' / Kirk, David Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.2 p.3255-3258
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: In recent years, the HCI community has expanded its interest to include exploring the role of technology within the domestic domain; particularly in the context of families and technology. Numerous studies have focused on mapping the challenges and opportunities faced in designing technologies that are appropriated to the needs of contemporary families. However, few research lines have focused on supporting families with diverse structures and situations (i.e. divorced, same-sex, dealing with death, work-related periodic separation and reunion). This workshop aims to bring together researchers, practitioners and designers who are interested in exploring the research space of family design and furthering our understanding of what it means to design technologies for diverse family structures. During the workshop we will readdress the meaning of a diverse family, the methods used to conduct family research as well as discuss design and evaluation techniques with a focus on user experience.

ExoBuilding: Physiologically Driven Adaptive Architecture / Schnädelbach, Holger / Irune, Ainojie / Kirk, David / Glover, Kevin / Brundell, Patrick ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2012-12 v.19 n.4 p.25
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Our surroundings are becoming infused with sensors measuring a variety of data streams about the environment, people and objects. Such data can be used to make the spaces that we inhabit responsive and interactive. Personal data in its different forms are one important data stream that such spaces are designed to respond to. In turn, one stream of personal data currently attracting high levels of interest in the HCI community is physiological data (e.g., heart rate, electrodermal activity), but this has seen little consideration in building architecture or the design of responsive environments. In this context, we developed a prototype mapping a single occupant's respiration to its size and form, while it also sonifies their heartbeat. The result is a breathing building prototype, formative trials of which suggested that it triggers behavioral and physiological adaptations in inhabitants without giving them instructions and it is perceived as a relaxing experience. In this paper, we present and discuss the results of a controlled study of this prototype, comparing three conditions: the static prototype, regular movement and sonification and a biofeedback condition, where the occupant's physiological data directly drives the prototype and presents this data back to them. The study confirmed that the biofeedback condition does indeed trigger behavioral changes and changes in participants' physiology, resulting in lower respiration rates as well as higher respiration amplitudes, respiration to heart rate coherence and lower frequency heart rate variability. Self-reported state of relaxation is more dependent on inhabitant preferences, their knowledge of physiological data and whether they found space to 'let go'. We conclude with a discussion of ExoBuilding as an immersive but also sharable biofeedback training interface and the wider potential of this approach to making buildings adapt to their inhabitants.

Tabletop games for photo consumption at theme parks Surfaces in the wild / Anstead, Edward / Durrant, Abigail / Benford, Steve / Kirk, David Proceedings of the 2012 ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces 2012-11-11 p.61-70
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Summary: This paper broadly explores novel tabletop interaction design opportunities for photo-souvenir consumption in a theme park context. We present the design and user evaluation of two tabletop applications for the playful triaging of photo collections within groups from a day trip to a UK theme park. Combining triaging with gameplay, the designs explore two distinct styles of user interaction, requiring either speed and dexterity or thoughtful strategy. Herein we discuss the rationale for the design process and the findings generated from our evaluation. Our study reveals the social impact of gameplay on user engagement with triaging tasks and implications for the deployment of interactive tabletop interfaces within theme parks to support photo consumption as part of the park experience.

Photobox: on the design of a slow technology Engagement with digital artefacts / Odom, William / Selby, Mark / Sellen, Abigail / Kirk, David / Banks, Richard / Regan, Tim Proceedings of DIS'12: Designing Interactive Systems 2012-06-11 p.665-668
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Summary: We describe the design and implementation of Photobox, a device intended to be used over many years, which occasionally prints a randomly selected photo from the owner's Flickr collection inside of a wooden chest. We describe and reflect on how engaging in the design of this slow technology [5] led to some unexpected challenges and provoked us to re-think approaches to making technologies that are intended to be used over long time scales and which might act infrequently. We also reflect on how living with the device during the implementation phase led to unexpected insights. We conclude with implications for research and practice in the slow technology design space.

Slow technology: critical reflection and future directions DIS workshops / Odom, William / Banks, Richard / Durrant, Abigail / Kirk, David / Pierce, James Proceedings of DIS'12: Designing Interactive Systems 2012-06-11 p.816-817
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: Over a decade ago Hallnäs and Redström's seminal article on Slow Technology [6] argued that the increasing availability of technology in environments outside of the workplace requires interaction design to be expanded from creating tools for making people's lives more efficient to creating technology that could be embedded in everyday environments over long periods of time. Since then, the Slow Technology design agenda has expanded to include issues such as (i) designing for slowness, solitude, and mental rest, (ii) designing interactive systems to be used across multiple generations and lifespans, and (iii) designing for slower, less consumptive lifestyles and practices. This workshop aims to advance the Slow Technology design program by exploring the various practical, methodological and theoretical motivations, challenges, and approaches implicated in doing research and design in this growing space.

At home with surface computing? Touch in context / Kirk, David / Izadi, Shahram / Hilliges, Otmar / Banks, Richard / Taylor, Stuart / Sellen, Abigail Proceedings of ACM CHI 2012 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2012-05-05 v.1 p.159-168
ACM Digital Library Link
Summary: This paper describes a field study of an interactive surface deployed in three family homes. The tabletop technology provides a central place where digital content, such as photos, can be easily archived, managed and viewed. The tabletop affords multi-touch input, allowing digital content to be sorted, triaged and interacted with using one or two-handed interactions. A physics-based simulation adds dynamics to digital content, providing users with rich ways of interacting that borrows from the real-world. The field study is one of the first of a surface computer within a domestic environment. Our goal is to uncover people's inter-actions, appropriations, perceptions and experiences with such technologies, exploring the potential barriers to use. Given these devices provide such a revolutionary shift in interaction, will people be able to engage with them in everyday life in the ways we intend? In answering this question, we hope to deepen our understanding of the design of such systems for home and consumer domains.

Technology heirlooms?: considerations for passing down and inheriting digital materials Immateriality as a design feature / Odom, William / Banks, Richard / Kirk, David / Harper, Richard / Lindley, Siân / Sellen, Abigail Proceedings of ACM CHI 2012 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2012-05-05 v.1 p.337-346
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Summary: Material artifacts are passed down as a way of sustaining relationships and family history. However, new issues are emerging as families are increasingly left with the digital remains of their loved ones. We designed three devices to investigate how digital materials might be passed down, lived with and inherited in the future. We conducted in-home interviews with 8 families using the devices to provoke discussion about how technology might support (or complicate) their existing practices. Sessions revealed families desired to treat their archives in ways not fully supported by technology as well as potential tensions that could emerge. Findings are interpreted to detail design considerations for future work in this emerging space.

In dialogue: methodological insights on doing hci research in Rwanda Case studies / Merritt, Samantha / Durrant, Abigail / Reeves, Stuart / Kirk, David Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'12 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2012-05-05 v.2 p.661-676
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Summary: This paper presents a case study of our recent empirical research on memorialisation in post-genocide Rwanda. It focuses on the pragmatic methodological challenges of working in a 'transnational' and specifically Rwandan context. We first outline our qualitative empirical engagement with representatives from the Kigali Genocide Memorial (KGM) and neighbouring institutions. We then describe our application of Charles L. Briggs' analytic communication framework to our data. In appropriating this framework, we reflect critically on its efficacy in use, for addressing the practical working constraints of our case, and through our findings develop methodological insights with relevance to wider HCI audiences.
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