tocauthor: Gross_T* : Human-Computer Interaction Bibliography Search

Task-Based Focus and AdHoc-Focus-Territory: Novel Concepts for Shared Interactive Surfaces Late-Breaking Works: Collaborative Technologies / Fetter, Mirko / Bimamisa, David / Gross, Tom Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.2 p.1193-1200

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Summary: Shared Interactive Surfaces allow co-located users to collaboratively work on a task. As current technology often is not able to distinguish between different users, there is a potential for concurrent conflicting actions of multiple users, leading to unwanted results and accordingly frustration. With our concepts for Task-Based Focus and AdHoc-Focus-Territory we provide light-weight solutions Integrated in our toolkit TUIOFX -- for designers of multi-user, multi-touch applications. Our solution helps to overcome some of the problems of anonymous touch input, without an immediate need for more heavy-weight mechanisms like user identification.

Exploring Interaction Modalities and Task Allocation for Household Robotic Arms Late-Breaking Works: People and Contexts / Herr, Sascha / Gross, Tom / Gradmann, Michael / Henrich, Dominik Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.2 p.2844-2850

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Summary: Human-robot interaction in private households demands easy and natural interfaces, as well as an understanding of areas of application. Two fundamental issues are multimodal interaction (i.e., multifarious ways of communication with the robot) and task allocation (i.e., division of labour between the user and the robot). We report on an explorative interview study that gathered users' requirements for multimodal interaction and gained understanding for task allocation in private households.

Evaluating Severity Rating Scales for Heuristic Evaluation Late-Breaking Works: Usable, Useful, and Desirable / Herr, Sascha / Baumgartner, Nina / Gross, Tom Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.2 p.3069-3075

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Summary: The heuristic evaluation is a widely applied discount usability evaluation method. Experts use the method to identify usability issues in interfaces and to rate their severity in order to establish a prioritization of resource allocation. However, in practice, there are often large discrepancies between the individual severity ratings of experts, indicating challenges with the rating process and doubtful accuracy of ratings. This paper discusses these challenges by drawing from research on psychometrics, proposes solutions and reports preliminary findings of an empirical online study.

Design and Rapid Evaluation of Interactive Systems in Theory and Practice Tutorials / Denzinger, Jochen / Gross, Tom Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'15: Human-Computer Interaction, Part IV 2015-09-14 v.4 p.640-641

Keywords: User centred design; Design thinking; Usability and user experience; Evaluation; Development processes; Cyber-Physical systems

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Summary: In this half-day tutorial Jochen Denzinger, partner at the design studio ma ma Interactive System Design, and Tom Gross, full professor and chair of the Human-Computer Interaction at the University of Bamberg, present methodologies for understanding users, tasks, and contexts, for designing interactive systems beyond the desktop, and for evaluating them in novel domains.

LiLoLe -- A Framework for Lifelong Learning from Sensor Data Streams for Predictive User Modelling Research Papers / Fetter, Mirko / Gross, Tom Proceedings of IFIP HCSE 2014: International Conference on Human-Centered Software Engineering 2014-09-16 p.126-143

Keywords: Lifelong Learning; User Modelling; Framework

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Summary: Adaptation in context-aware ubiquitous environments and adaptive systems is becoming more and more complex. Adaptations need to take into account information from a plethora of heterogeneous sensors, while the adaptation decisions often imply personalised aspects and individual preferences, which are likely to change over time. We present a novel concept for lifelong learning from sensor data streams for predictive user modelling that is applicable in scenarios where simpler mechanisms that rely on pre-trained general models fall short. With the LiLoLe-Framework, we pursue an approach that allows ubiquitous systems to continuously learn from their users and adapt the system at the same time through stream-based active learning. This Framework can guide the development of context-aware or adaptive systems in form of an overall architecture.

Mental Models of Online Privacy: Structural Properties with Cognitive Maps Work in progress papers / Coopamootoo, Kovila P. L. / Groß, Thomas Proceedings of the 28th BCS International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2014-09-12 p.38

ewic.bcs.org/content/ConWebDoc/54226

Summary: Individuals usually build small-scale representation of reality to help them navigate their environment. Although mental models have been used in HCI before, they mostly occur as analogies and metaphor within the privacy and security research space. The meaning for users, the values associated and reasoning over online privacy have not been investigated before. In our research we explore and depict users' mental models of online privacy through the content, properties and structure of privacy mental models. We believe mental models provide a framework for understanding user cognitive processing and reasoning and consequently privacy decison-making. In this paper we present an on-going study that use Amazon's Mechanical Turk and cognitive mapping technique to elicit and illustrate mental models. We compare the cognitive maps generated for two different questions and analyse their structural properties. We find that while a list of concrete privacy evaluations populate the cognitive maps when asked directly about privacy, the examples are generally scarce if not absent when queried about personal importance of the online environment. We also find that the degree of vertices complemented with the source and sink vertices can help to identify key concepts, triggering links and clusters within the maps.

Engage! Empower! Encourage! -- Supporting Mundane Group Decisions on Tabletops User Experience in Intelligent Environments / Fetter, Mirko / Gross, Tom DAPI 2014: 2nd International Conference on Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions 2014-06-22 p.329-336

Keywords: Group Decision Support; Interactive Tabletop; Multi-touch

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Summary: This paper presents an interaction model to support groups making decisions, aiming to Engage the group in the interaction, Empower all users to put forth their opinion, and Encourage the group to discuss the options. Based on the tabletop application MTEatsplore, we show how the interaction model helps to design a system to structure the decision making process and thus can lead to an effective and efficient yet inclusive support for mundane decisions.

Social Computing -- Bridging the Gap between the Social and the Technical Designing and Evaluating Social Computing and Social Media / Beckmann, Christoph / Gross, Tom SCSM 2014: 6th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media 2014-06-22 p.25-36

Keywords: Social Computing; Software Design; Cooperative Systems; Social Media

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Summary: Developing cooperative systems and social media requires taking complex decisions concerning the social interaction to be supported as well as the technical foundation. In this paper we build on the long and successful tradition of design patterns and the social framework of Erving Goffman. We present design patterns that address both challenges of social interaction and technical foundation -- they provide input for software developers with respect to structuring software and to providing adequate support for the interaction of users with the environment and with each other.

Nudging for Quantitative Access Control Systems Human Behaviour in Cybersecurity / Morisset, Charles / Groß, Thomas / van Moorsel, Aad / Yevseyeva, Iryna HAS 2014: 2nd International Conference on Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy, and Trust 2014-06-22 p.340-351

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Summary: On the one hand, an access control mechanism must make a conclusive decision for a given access request. On the other hand, such a mechanism usually relies on one or several decision making processes, which can return partial decisions, inconclusive ones, or conflicting ones. In some cases, this information might not be sufficient to automatically make a conclusive decision, and the access control mechanism might have to involve a human expert to make the final decision. In this paper, we formalise these decision making processes as quantitative access control systems, which associate each decision with a measure, indicating for instance the level of confidence of the system in the decision. We then propose to explore how nudging, i.e., how modifying the context of the decision making process for that human expert, can be used in this context. We thus formalise when such a delegation is required, when nudging is applicable, and illustrate some examples from the MINDSPACE framework in the context of access control.

Mental Models for Usable Privacy: A Position Paper Privacy Issues / Coopamootoo, Kovila P. L. / Groß, Thomas HAS 2014: 2nd International Conference on Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy, and Trust 2014-06-22 p.410-421

Keywords: Usable privacy; mental models; dual-process; System 1; System 2; deductive; inductive; privacy decision-making

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Summary: In this position paper, we propose a new approach to privacy decision-making that relies on conceptual representations of mental models. We suggest that helping users to construct mental models of privacy will facilitate privacy decisions and hence contribute towards usable privacy. We advance that usable privacy research will benefit from qualitative and quantitative user studies that first elicit users' mental models of privacy and second aim to build a composite model of the concept maps of users' mental models. The links between the concept maps and deductive and inductive reasoning, and System 1 and 2 of the dual-process theory, are thought to potentially provide valuable insights for future usable privacy research. We also propose that the composite model might provide routes to privacy decisions and enable us to develop strategies akin to nudges aimed towards facilitating privacy behaviour.

Human-Computer Interaction Education and Diversity HCI and Design Education / Gross, Tom HCI International 2014: 16th International Conference on HCI, Part I: Theories, Methods, and Tools 2014-06-22 v.1 p.187-198

Keywords: Human-Computer Interaction; Diversity

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Summary: Human-Computer Interaction has evolved into an established field of teaching and research. Its multidisciplinary and cross-continental roots combined with its broad scope and multiplicity of paradigms, methods, tools, and application areas have led to a huge diversity. In the community there are currently debates about the pros and cons of this diversity and some voices claim for unifying theory and practice and standardising teaching curricula. In this paper I discuss HCI education, and analyse the past, present, and future of HCI in order to derive implications for HCI education.

Lightweight support for collaborative web browsing through spreadvector Works-in-progress / Fetter, Mirko / Strobel, Ralf / Gross, Tom Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2014-04-26 v.2 p.1339-1344

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Summary: We present SpreadVector, a prototype providing light-weight support for collaborative Web browsing. While a broad need for co-browsing tools has been repeatedly identified, the rate of mainstream adoption for existing solutions is still marginal. We argue that one reason is the lack of tools that offer lightweight collaborative browsing support. With SpreadVector we provide a concept and prototype for lightweight co-browsing.

MagnetiCode: physical mobile interaction through time-encoded magnetic identification tags Public encounters / Fetter, Mirko / Beckmann, Christoph / Gross, Tom Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction 2014-02-16 p.205-212

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Summary: We present MagnetiCode, a new tagging mechanism that allows for physical mobile interaction. MagnetiCode tags can be captured and decoded by every compass-equipped mobile phone. They rely on a novel approach of transmitting binary IDs in form of a pulsed magnetic field. MagnetiCode therefore is able to substitute static tagging mechanisms like QR codes or RFID tags, in situations where visual tags are not appropriate or the expected number of users with NFC-enabled devices is poor. We confirm the general feasibility of our approach in a study.

Supporting Effortless Coordination: 25 Years of Awareness Research CSCW: The First Quarter Century / Gross, Tom Computer Supported Cooperative Work 2013-08 v.22 n.4/6 p.425-474

Keywords: awareness; coordination; computer-supported cooperative work; survey; history

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Summary: Significant progress has been made in awareness research in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work over the last 25 years. This survey addresses awareness and effortless coordination -- that is, how a mutual understanding in distributed teams can be gained and maintained, while still keeping the team members' coordination efforts to a minimum. I characterise the origins of awareness and its ethnographically-informed and the technology-oriented roots, and discuss the notion of awareness. I review technical solutions for awareness support -- both in applications as seen by users, and in base technology as seen by developers. Design tensions in awareness research and solutions are identified. A discussion contrasts awareness as seen from a users' activity and effort perspective versus awareness as seen from a systems' support and automation perspective.

A software development methodology for sustainable ICTD solutions Case studies: novel settings / Doerflinger, Joerg / Dearden, Andy / Gross, Tom Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.2 p.2371-2374

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Summary: Information and Communication Technology continue to be increasingly used in social development and poverty alleviation projects, known as Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICTD) projects. However, most interventions either fail completely as a result of attempting to use inappropriate software development approaches and technology concepts in the different ICTD context or they only execute small scale prototypes without positive long-term social impact. We present a case study on how we combined and adapted, using an iterative action research refinement approach, established interaction design methods into a software development methodology supporting scalable long-term ICTD software projects: the Technical ICTD Methodology (TIM). Our case study is based on the experiences of a series of ICTD projects executed within a major software corporation over a period of more than five years.

Supporting asynchronous collaboration in visual analytics systems Workshops / Riche, Nathalie Henry / Inkpen, Kori / Stasko, John / Gross, Tom / Czerwinski, Mary Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces 2012-05-22 p.809-811

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Summary: Visual analytics involves complex analytical processes that can often benefit from collaboration. Many researchers have explored co-located synchronous systems to help support collaborative visual analytics; however, the process can often be long and require a series of sessions. Providing support for asynchronous collaboration in visual analytics systems can help divide the problem between several analysts across many sessions to ensure that they can effectively work together toward a solution. Currently, visual analytics systems offer limited support for asynchronous, multi-session work [1]. In this workshop, we seek to bring together researchers from both the CSCW and Visual Analytics communities to discuss avenues for supporting asynchronous collaboration in visual analytics system.

Informing the design of group recommender systems Work-in-progress / Herr, Sascha / Rösch, Andreas / Beckmann, Christoph / Gross, Tom Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'12 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2012-05-05 v.2 p.2507-2512

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Summary: In this paper we present a literature study on social psychological concepts, which informs the design of group recommender process models in group recommender systems. We matched core concepts to well-established factors influencing satisfaction in groups, and obtained three most relevant social psychological concepts: group identification, group norms, and social roles.

VideoPal: Exploring Asynchronous Video-Messaging to Enable Cross-Cultural Friendships / Du, Honglu / Inkpen, Kori / Chorianopoulos, Konstantinos / Czerwinski, Mary / Johns, Paul / Hoff, Aaron / Roseway, Asta / Morlidge, Sarah / Tang, John / Gross, Tom Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2011-09-24 p.273-292

www.ecscw.org/2011/18-%20Du%20et%20Al%20273-292.pdf

Summary: Pen pal programs for connecting students from around the world through letter writing have been popular for generations. However, traditional technologies have several limitations in supporting pen pal activities. In this study, we explored the potential of video-based asynchronous messaging in supporting the development of children's cross-cultural friendships. This paper presents the results of a 2-month study of 30 children from the USA and Greece, exploring their uses of, and experiences with, email and an asynchronous video-based messaging tool we developed called VideoPal. The results from this work highlight the important benefits video provides compared to its text counterpart -- email. We conclude with a discussion of the key factors that video enables to benefit the development of children's long-distance friendships.

Supporting Social Protocols in Tabletop Interaction through Visual Cues Tabletops I / Fetter, Mirko / Gross, Tom / Hucke, Maxi Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'11: Human-Computer Interaction 2011-09-05 v.3 p.435-442

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Summary: Multi-touch tabletops provide new means for co-located people to work together on a task by directly manipulating objects and tools on a single display in unison. Despite their benefits they also entail new challenges. One major concern is how to help users avoid conflicting actions. Previous work discusses if social protocols are sufficient to regulate coordination, and if policies are needed to enforce specific behaviours. Our study on different variants of a tabletop game shows that providing visual cues on ownership can help to follow social protocols and therefore reduce the need for policies.

Predicting Selective Availability for Instant Messaging Ubiquitous and Context-Aware Computing / Fetter, Mirko / Seifert, Julian / Gross, Tom Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'11: Human-Computer Interaction 2011-09-05 v.3 p.503-520

Keywords: Instant Messaging; Context Inference; Sensors; Privacy

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Summary: Instant messaging (IM) systems allow users to spontaneously communicate over distance, yet they bear the risk for disruption of the recipient. In order to reduce disruption, novel approaches for detecting and presenting mutual availability are needed. In this paper we show how fine-grained IM availability predictions can be made for nomadic users solely based on sensors installed on a laptop computer. Our approach provides comparable accuracies to previous work, while it eliminates the need for augmenting the offices or the users with further sensors. We performed a user study to collect sensor data. Alongside with labels collected by means of Experience Sampling, the data allow for creating probabilistic models for predicting selective availability. This way, we demonstrate how the required effort involved in proactively managing one's availability selectively towards a variety of recipients can be reduced by automatic adaptation, and give insights in the lessons learned.

Bottom billion architecture: a generic software architecture for ICTD use case scenarios Posters / Doerflinger, Joerg / Gross, Tom Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services 2011-08-30 p.587-592

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Summary: The ICT for Development (ICTD) research field still lacks a generic architecture approach unifying software development tasks in ICTD research. With a common approach technical ICTD research could evolve from single point solutions narrowed to one specific use case or technology towards a shared approach following the common goal of providing ICT access in ICTD use case scenarios. In this paper we present the replication of the Bottom Billion Architecture (BBA) in a second use case scenario. The BBA was developed and evaluated in a procurement use case in South Africa. The replication takes place in a cashew supply chain in Ghana whose current inefficient paper based organization hampers collaborative business with the established economy. The BBA prototype has been deployed for a five month pilot phase with about 400 participating cashew farmers. With this successful replication of the same architecture in two different use case scenarios we are now able to evaluate its capabilities to serve as a generic architecture for various technical ICTD use case scenarios.

AGReMo: providing ad-hoc groups with on-demand recommendations on mobile devices Collaboration at a distance / Beckmann, Christoph / Gross, Tom Proceedings of the 2011 Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2011-08-24 p.179-182

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Summary: Recommender systems provide users with suggestions of artefacts or other users. Group recommender systems facilitate decision making in groups of users who need to make a choice together. In this paper we introduce a novel approach providing ad-hoc groups of users who want to watch a movie together with shared on-demand recommendations on mobile devices. We present the AGReMo system and report on a user study.

CAESSA: visual authoring of context-aware experience sampling studies Works-in-progress / Fetter, Mirko / Schirmer, Maximilian / Gross, Tom Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.2 p.2341-2346

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Summary: In this paper we present a toolkit that enables HCI practitioners to visually author and setup Context-Aware Experience Sampling studies -- CAESSA (Context-Aware Experience Sampling Study Authoring).

PRIMIExperience: experience sampling via instant messaging Interactive presentations / Fetter, Mirko / Gross, Tom Proceedings of ACM CSCW'11 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2011-03-19 p.629-632

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Summary: In this paper we present the PRIMIExperience system, proposing the use of instant messaging as a mean for carrying out cost-effective Experience Sampling studies with a minimised setup effort.
In this paper we present the PRIMIExperience system, proposing the use of instant messaging as a mean for carrying out cost-effective Experience Sampling studies with a minimised setup effort.

Towards a group recommender process model for ad-hoc groups and on-demand recommendations Posters session I / Beckmann, Christoph / Gross, Tom GROUP'10: International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2010-11-06 p.329-330

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Summary: Movie recommender systems simplify the movie selection by providing movie suggestions based on the respective user's personal taste. Most of the current systems address individual users, support stationary use, and require pre-configuration. In this paper we present an approach for group recommendations for movies based on a novel group recommender process model for ad-hoc groups with on-demand recommendations.