Continuing the Dialogue: Bringing Research Accounts Back into the Field
(Re)understanding Makin? A Critical Broadening of Maker Cultures
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Fox, Sarah
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Rosner, Daniela K.
Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems
2016-05-07
v.1
p.1426-1430
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: This paper examines the work to bring HCI research back to the people and
sites under study. We draw on our ongoing collaboration with members of
feminist hackerspaces in Northern California where we conducted fieldwork over
eighteen months in 2014 and 2015. Together we created and distributed a zine --
a self-published magazine produced with a photocopier -- that knit together
content of a published paper with local histories of feminist print production.
By tracing the efforts involved in this collaboration and its effects on our
research project, our research community, and ourselves, we extend HCI's
efforts to foster continued dialogue with our sites of study. We end by
outlining strategies for bolstering this mission both within and beyond HCI.
Exploring Social Justice, Design, and HCI
Workshop Summaries
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Fox, Sarah
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Asad, Mariam
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Lo, Katherine
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Dimond, Jill P.
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Dombrowski, Lynn S.
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Bardzell, Shaowen
Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems
2016-05-07
v.2
p.3293-3300
© Copyright 2016 ACM
Summary: The aim of this one-day workshop is to share existing research, discuss
common practices, and to develop new strategies and tools for designing for
social justice in HCI. This workshop will bring together a set of HCI scholars,
designers, and community members to discuss social justice perspectives on
interaction design and technology. We will explore theoretical and
methodological approaches in and around HCI that can help us generatively
consider issues of power, privilege, and access in their complexity. We will
discuss the challenges associated with taking a justice approach in HCI,
looking toward existing practices we find both productive and problematic. This
workshop will bridge current gaps in research and practice by developing
concrete strategies for both designing and evaluating social change oriented
work in HCI, where agendas are made clear and researchers are held accountable
for the outcomes of their work by members of their field site and the research
community.
Feminist Hackerspaces as Sites for Feminist Design
Graduate Student Symposium (14 papers)
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Fox, Sarah
Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition
2015-06-22
p.341-342
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: This paper describes the work I have conducted with colleagues in and around
feminist hackerspaces -- workspaces that support the creative and professional
pursuits of women. Through action research, interviews, and participant
observation, I have explored the motivations, activities, and ideals of people
organizing feminist hackerspaces. Additionally, I have begun to investigate
what feminist design of technology might look like through the facilitation of
a series of design workshops in two of these spaces. Through this work, I
examine the feminist ideals that develop in these spaces as both discursive and
material phenomena that shed new light on what counts as hacking, technology
and collaboration.
Hacking Culture, Not Devices: Access and Recognition in Feminist
Hackerspaces
Hacking and Making
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Fox, Sarah
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Ulgado, Rachel Rose
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Rosner, Daniela
Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2015 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work and Social Computing
2015-02-28
v.1
p.56-68
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: This paper examines the motivations, activities, and ideals of people
organizing feminist hackerspaces: collaborative workspaces developed to support
women's creative and professional pursuits. Drawing on interviews, participant
observation and archival data collected across the Pacific Northwest over nine
months, we show how members of these spaces use small-scale collaborative
design and acts of making to work out their place in society in ways that
contest widely accepted understandings of hacking, technology, and
collaboration. In designing how the space should look, feel, and run, members
reframe activities seldom associated with technical work (e.g., weaving,
identity workshops) as forms of hacking. In so doing, they shift concerns for
women in technology from questions of access (who is included) to questions of
recognition (who is visible) while grappling with productive ambiguities in
between. We describe lessons these tension present for examining women's
relations with technology in CSCW.
Strangers at the Gate: Gaining Access, Building Rapport, and Co-Constructing
Community-Based Research
Community-Based Participatory Research
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Dantec, Christopher A. Le
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Fox, Sarah
Proceedings of ACM CSCW 2015 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative
Work and Social Computing
2015-02-28
v.1
p.1348-1358
© Copyright 2015 ACM
Summary: This paper is about the work we do to create productive partnerships in
community settings: developing relationships, demonstrating commitments, and
overcoming personal and institutional barriers to community-based design
research. Through an ethnographic account of the elements of community-based
research normally elided from reports of design process, we explore how the
impact of institutional histories and personal relationships went beyond simply
identifying potential partners, but fundamentally guided the research questions
and approach. We examine the different roles researchers play -- researcher,
confidant, advocate, interloper, invader, and collaborator -- and how those
roles create particular relations in the field. The contribution of this work
is the development of a reflective account of the research in order to evaluate
knowledge production, rigor, and advance methods for engaging in
community-based research.
Community historians: scaffolding community engagement through culture and
heritage
Communities
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Fox, Sarah
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Dantec, Christopher Le
Proceedings of DIS'14: Designing Interactive Systems
2014-06-21
v.1
p.785-794
© Copyright 2014 ACM
Summary: This paper describes the Community Historians project, which was a series of
public, participatory workshops focused on conceptualizing and enacting forms
of citizen engagement through technology. The goal of the project was to
provide the space and resources to discover, discuss, and document inherent
communal values and tangible resources present in a low-income community. The
result of the first workshop was an interactive, alternative asset map of the
area. The second workshop involved residents building their own digital cameras
from component parts. The purpose of these activities was to reinforce critical
thought about how technology affected the lives of residents and to empower
adaptation of technology as a tool for communal development.
The semantics of clustering: analysis of user-generated spatializations of
text documents
Visual analytics
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Endert, Alex
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Fox, Seth
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Maiti, Dipayan
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Leman, Scotland
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North, Chris
Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Advanced Visual
Interfaces
2012-05-22
p.555-562
© Copyright 2012 ACM
Summary: Analyzing complex textual datasets consists of identifying connections and
relationships within the data based on users' intuition and domain expertise.
In a spatial workspace, users can do so implicitly by spatially arranging
documents into clusters to convey similarity or relationships. Algorithms exist
that spatialize and cluster such information mathematically based on similarity
metrics. However, analysts often find inconsistencies in these generated
clusters based on their expertise. Therefore, to support sensemaking, layouts
must be co-created by the user and the model. In this paper, we present the
results of a study observing individual users performing a sensemaking task in
a spatial workspace. We examine the users' interactions during their analytic
process, and also the clusters the users manually created. We found that
specific interactions can act as valuable indicators of important structure
within a dataset. Further, we analyze and characterize the structure of the
user-generated clusters to identify useful metrics to guide future algorithms.
Through a deeper understanding of how users spatially cluster information, we
can inform the design of interactive algorithms to generate more meaningful
spatializations for text analysis tasks, to better respond to user interactions
during the analytics process, and ultimately to allow analysts to more rapidly
gain insight.
Motivating and supporting faculty use of educational digital libraries: an
example from the geosciences
Posters
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Manduca, Cathy A.
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Iverson, Ellen R.
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Fox, Sean
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McMartin, Flora
JCDL'05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital
Libraries
2005-06-07
p.389
© Copyright 2005 ACM
Evaluating implicit measures to improve web search
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Fox, Steve
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Karnawat, Kuldeep
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Mydland, Mark
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Dumais, Susan
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White, Thomas
ACM Transactions on Information Systems
2005
v.23
n.2
p.147-168
© Copyright 2005 ACM
Summary: In this article we describe an evaluation of relevance feedback (RF)
algorithms using searcher simulations. Since these algorithms select additional
terms for query modification based on inferences made from searcher
interaction, not on relevance information searchers explicitly provide (as in
traditional RF), we refer to them as implicit feedback models. We introduce six
different models that base their decisions on the interactions of searchers and
use different approaches to rank query modification terms. The aim of this
article is to determine which of these models should be used to assist
searchers in the systems we develop. To evaluate these models we used searcher
simulations that afforded us more control over the experimental conditions than
experiments with human subjects and allowed complex interaction to be modeled
without the need for costly human experimentation. The simulation-based
evaluation methodology measures how well the models learn the distribution of
terms across relevant documents (i.e., learn what information is relevant) and
how well they improve search effectiveness (i.e., create effective search
queries). Our findings show that an implicit feedback model based on Jeffrey's
rule of conditioning outperformed other models under investigation.
INTERNET
Older Americans and the Internet: Adapting Government Websites for an Older
Audience
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Fox, Susannah
2004-07-19
Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project
Summary: Most Americans age 65+ live lives far removed from the Internet, know few
people who use email or surf the Web, and cannot imagine why they would spend
money and time learning how to use a computer. Just one in five seniors goes
online and many live with disabilities that make it difficult to navigate the
Web. This presentation provides new demographic data, not contained in recent
reports, plus specific tips for government Web site managers who want to design
senior-friendly sites.
INTERNET
Older Americans and the Internet
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Fox, Susannah
2004-03-28
Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project
Displaying resources in context: using digital libraries to support changes
in undergraduate education
Posters
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Manduca, Cathryn A.
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Fox, Sean
JCDL'03: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital
Libraries
2003-05-27
p.391
Summary: Education digital libraries strive to foster major improvements in education
by supporting adoption of more effective teaching methods. We present initial
efforts to assist faculty in changing teaching practice by displaying digital
library resources in portals that address a specific educational issue and
provide the full spectrum of resources needed to both motivate and implement a
change in practice.
Social desirability and controllability in computerized and paper-and-pencil
personality questionnaires
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Fox, Shaul
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Schwartz, David
Computers in Human Behavior
2002-07
v.18
n.4
p.389-410
© Copyright 2002 Elsevier Ltd.
Effects of Aging on Working Memory and Workload
AGING: Age-Related Differences in Cognitive Functioning [Lecture]
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Fox, Starr Lynn
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Eggemeier, F. T.
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Biers, David W.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting
1995-10-09
v.1
p.139-142
© Copyright 1995 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
WARNING: THE ABSTRACT OF THIS ENTRY HAS NOT BEEN VALIDATED
Summary: The current study investigated the effects of aging on working memory and
mental workload. Subjects performed a Brown-Peterson memory task using
simulated air traffic controller/pilot communications. Perceived mental
workload was measured using the NASA-TLX rating scale. Results revealed no
significant recall performance differences between younger and older
individuals. However, workload ratings indicated that older individuals
experienced higher perceived workload than younger individuals. These findings
suggest subjective workload ratings may be sensitive to age-related differences
not demonstrated by performance measures.
Communication between Crews: The Effects of Speech Intelligibility on Team
Performance
GENERAL SESSIONS: Potpourri II
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Whitaker, Leslie A.
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Fox, Starr L.
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Peters, Leslie J.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting
1993-10-11
v.1
p.630-634
© Copyright 1993 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Summary: Speech is a critical method of communication among group members while they
are trying to accomplish a task. The present research program is designed to
determine the impact of speech communication on performing a variety of
communication-intensive tasks. A model describing performance as a function of
auditory workload has guided this research. This model states that
transmission, linguistic, and individual factors each contribute to auditory
workload and hence influence task performance. The current study focused on
two transmission factors: speech intelligibility and communication structure.
Previous work in this program has reported the performance of two- or
three-person crews operating alone to accomplish various tasks. The present
study examined the team performance of two crews operating interactively to
accomplish more complex tasks. Speech intelligibility was varied from 100% to
25% and was measured using the Modified Rhymes Test. Twelve crews were tested
at the Closed Combat Test Bed using M1A2 tank simulators. The results of this
study are consistent with those predicted by the auditory workload model;
decrements in task performance occur at higher levels of intelligibility for
more complex tasks than for less complex tasks. In addition to the task
performance measured in this study, verbal protocols taken from recorded
transcripts were coded as evidence of the changes in communication structure
when speech intelligibility is varied. The implications of these findings for
communication using cellular telephones and radio communication are discussed.
Usability Evaluation and Feedback to Designers -- An Experimental Study
2. Design and Evaluation Methods: 2.1 Design and Evaluation Methods
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Novara, F.
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Bertaggia, N.
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Allamanno, N.
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Fox, S.
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Olphert, W.
Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT'87: Human-Computer Interaction
1987-09-01
p.337-340
© Copyright 1987 IFIP
Summary: A major goal of the ESPRIT HUFIT Project is to identify usability criteria
and develop measures of usability which will in themselves be useful to
designers of IT systems. This paper reports an experiment conducted as part of
this Project which aimed to pilot measures of usability. The aim of this
experiment was to assess the usability of a newly developed text processing
package. Twenty six subjects were required to practice with the package to a
given standard, then were asked to perform an experimental task. Various
measures, including time, errors and help requirements were taken, as well as
subjective evaluations of the package. The data from this experiment were then
analysed to identify a number of areas where there were actual or potential
usability problems with the product. In a second phase of the work, the
experimental results were elaborated in a simple format and communicated to the
product designers.
