tocauthor: Chalmers_M* : Human-Computer Interaction Bibliography Search

Personal Tracking of Screen Time on Digital Devices Behavioral Change / Rooksby, John / Asadzadeh, Parvin / Rost, Mattias / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.284-296

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Numerous studies have tracked people's everyday use of digital devices, but without consideration of how such data might be of personal interest to the user. We have developed a personal tracking application that enables users to automatically monitor their 'screen time' on mobile devices (iOS and Android) and computers (Mac and Windows). The application interface enables users to combine screen time data from multiple devices. We trialled the application for 28+ days with 21 users, collecting log data and interviewing each user. We found that there is interest in personal tracking in this area, but that the study participants were less interested in quantifying their overall screen time than in gaining data about their use of specific devices and applications. We found that personal tracking of device use is desirable for goals including: increasing productivity, disciplining device use, and cutting down on use.

Forget-me-not: History-less Mobile Messaging Mobile Behaviors / Rost, Mattias / Kitsos, Christos / Morgan, Alexander / Podlubny, Martin / Romeo, Pietro / Russo, Edoardo / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of the ACM CHI'16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2016-05-07 v.1 p.1904-1908

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Text messaging has long been a popular activity, and today smartphone apps enable users to choose from a plethora of mobile messaging applications. While we know a lot about SMS practices, we know less about practices of messaging applications. In this paper, we take a first step to explore one ubiquitous aspect of mobile messaging -- messaging history. We designed, built, and trialled a mobile messaging application without history named forget-me-not. The two-week trial showed that history-less messaging no longer supports chit-chat as seen in e.g. WhatsApp, but is still considered conversational and more 'engaging'. Participants expressed being lenient and relaxed about what they wrote. Removing the history allowed us to gain insights into what uses history has in other mobile messaging applications, such as planning events, allowing for distractions, and maintaining multiple conversation threads.

Configuring Attention in the Multiscreen Living Room Papers / Rooksby, John / Smith, Timothy E. / Morrison, Alistair / Rost, Mattias / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2015-09-19 p.243-261

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: We have conducted a video study of households in Scotland with cohabiting students and young professionals. In this paper we unpack five examples of how mobile devices are used by people watching television. In the examples we explore how screens are used together (a) in a physical ecology, (b) in an embodied way, (c) in an orderly way, and (d) with respect to others. We point out that mobile devices are routinely used to access media that is unconnected and unrelated to media on television, for example for sending and receiving messages, browsing social media, and browsing websites. We suggest that mobile devices are not used to directly enhance television programmes, but to enhance leisure time. We suggest that it is important, when considering mobile devices as second screens, not just to treat these as a design topic, but to pay attention to how they are interactionally integrated into the living room.

Pass the Ball: Enforced Turn-Taking in Activity Tracking Experience Design for Games / Rooksby, John / Rost, Mattias / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of the ACM CHI'15 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2015-04-18 v.1 p.2417-2426

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: We have developed a mobile application called Pass The Ball that enables users to track, reflect on, and discuss physical activity with others. We followed an iterative design process, trialling a first version of the app with 20 people and a second version with 31. The trials were conducted in the wild, on users' own devices. The second version of the app enforced a turn-taking system that meant only one member of a group of users could track their activity at any one time. This constrained tracking at the individual level, but more successfully led users to communicate and interact with each other. We discuss the second trial with reference to two concepts: social-relatedness and individual-competence. We discuss six key lessons from the trial, and identify two high-level design implications: attend to "practices" of tracking; and look within and beyond "collaboration" and "competition" in the design of activity trackers.

Improving consent in large scale mobile HCI through personalised representations of data / Morrison, Alistair / McMillan, Donald / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2014-10-26 p.471-480

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: In using 'app store'-style software repositories to distribute research applications, substantial ethical challenge exists in gaining informed consent from potential participants. Standard 'terms and conditions' pages are commonly used, but we find they fail to communicate relevant information to users. We suggest interrupting use of an application with a visual representation of collected data, rather than merely providing a description at first launch. Data collected, but not uploaded, before this can be used to create personalised examples of what will be shared. We experiment with different ways of presenting this information and allowing opt-out mechanisms, finding that users are more concerned when presented with a visual, personalised representation, and consequently stop using the application sooner. We observe a particular difference in non-English speakers, suggesting that our proposed approach might be especially appropriate for global trials, where not all users will be able to understand researchers' disclosures of data logging intent.

Personal tracking as lived informatics Quantified self / Rooksby, John / Rost, Mattias / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew Chalmers Proceedings of ACM CHI 2014 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2014-04-26 v.1 p.1163-1172

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: This paper characterises the use of activity trackers as "lived informatics". This characterisation is contrasted with other discussions of personal informatics and the quantified self. The paper reports an interview study with activity tracker users. The study found: people do not logically organise, but interweave various activity trackers, sometimes with ostensibly the same functionality; that tracking is often social and collaborative rather than personal; that there are different styles of tracking, including goal driven tracking and documentary tracking; and that tracking information is often used and interpreted with reference to daily or short term goals and decision making. We suggest there will be difficulties in personal informatics if we ignore the way that personal tracking is enmeshed with everyday life and people's outlook on their future.

Analysing user behaviour through dynamic population models Evaluation and design methods / Higgs, Matthew / Morrison, Alistair / Girolami, Mark / Chalmers, Matthew Extended Abstracts of ACM CHI'13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.2 p.271-276

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: We apply a statistical modelling-based approach to exploring, analysing and predicting behavioural patterns of users of mobile software. The technique employed represents the behaviour of each user through a weighted mixture over data-generating distributions. In the described pilot study, we show how we have modelled the behaviour of over a hundred users of an iOS game. We illustrate how this modelling approach can be used to determine user play strategies and learning rates and show how this affects the length of time users keep returning to play the game. We describe our ongoing work, including feeding results of the modelling into the design process.

Categorised ethical guidelines for large scale mobile HCI Papers: ethics in HCI / McMillan, Donald / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2013 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2013-04-27 v.1 p.1853-1862

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: The recent rise in large scale trials of mobile software using 'app stores' has moved current researcher practice beyond available ethical guidelines. By surveying this recent and growing body of literature, as well as established professional principles adopted in psychology, we propose a set of ethical guidelines for large scale HCI user trials. These guidelines come in two parts: a set of general principles and a framework into which individual app store-based trials can be assessed and ethical concerns exposed. We categorise existing literature using our scheme, and explain how researchers could use our framework to classify their future user trials to determine ethical responsibility, and the steps required to meet these obligations.

A hybrid mass participation approach to mobile software trials The tools of the trade / Morrison, Alistair / McMillan, Donald / Reeves, Stuart / Sherwood, Scott / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2012 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2012-05-05 v.1 p.1311-1320

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: User trials of mobile applications have followed a steady march out of the lab, and progressively further ''into the wild', recently involving ''app store'-style releases of software to the general public. Yet from our experiences on these mass participation systems and a survey of the literature, we identify a number of reported difficulties. We propose a hybrid methodology that aims to address these, by combining a global software release with a concurrent local trial. A phone-based game, created to explore the uptake and use of ad hoc peer-to-peer networking, was evaluated using this new hybrid trial method, combining a small-scale local trial (11 users) with a ''mass participation' trial (over 10,000 users). Our hybrid method offers many benefits, allowing locally observed findings to be verified, patterns in globally collected data to be explained and addresses ethical issues raised by the mass participation approach. We note trends in the local trial that did not appear in the larger scale deployment, and which would therefore have led to misleading results were the application trialed using ''traditional' methods alone. Based on this study and previous experience, we provide a set of guidelines to researchers working in this area.

A Comparison of Distribution Channels for Large-Scale Deployments of iOS Applications / McMillan, Donald / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 2011-10 v.3 n.4 p.1-17

Keywords: iOS, iPhone, Mass Participation, Mobile Applications, Ubicomp

www.igi-global.com/article/comparison-distribution-channels-large-scale/58922

Summary: When conducting mass participation trials on Apple iOS devices researchers are forced to make a choice between using the Apple App Store or third party software repositories. In order to inform this choice, this paper describes a sample application that was released via both methods along with comparison of user demographics and engagement. The contents of these repositories are examined and compared, and statistics are presented highlighting the number of times the application was downloaded and the user retention experienced with each. The results are presented and the relative merits of each distribution method discussed to allow researchers to make a more informed choice. Results include that the application distributed via third party repository received ten times more downloads than the App Store application and that users recruited via the repository consistently used the application more.

SGVis: Analysis of Data From / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 2011-10 v.3 n.4 p.36-54

Keywords: Categorisation, Data Analysis, iOS, iPhone, Mass Participation, Ubicomp, Visualisation

www.igi-global.com/article/sgvis-analysis-data/58924

Summary: The recent rise in popularity of 'app store' markets on a number of different mobile platforms has provided a means for researchers to run worldwide trials of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) applications with very large numbers of users. This opportunity raises challenges, however, as more traditional methods of running trials and gathering data for analysis might be infeasible or fail to scale up to a large, globally-spread user base. SGVis is a data analysis tool designed to aid ubicomp researchers in conducting trials in this manner. This paper discusses the difficulties involved in running large scale trials, explaining how these led to recommendations on what data researchers should log, and to design choices made in SGVis. The authors outline several methods of use and why they help with challenges raised by large scale research. A means of categorising users is also described that could aid in data analysis and management of a trial with very large numbers of participants. SGVis has been used in evaluating several mass-participation trials, involving tens of thousands of users, and several use cases are described that demonstrate its utility.

Designing for peer involvement in weight management Health 2: persuasive systems / Maitland, Julie / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.1 p.315-324

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: The problems of obesity and overweight are commonly cited as the motivation behind recent efforts to develop technology that promotes physical activity. Prompted by the social nature of many of the emerging applications, this paper presents our investigation of the sociality of weight management as experienced by a broad demographic of individuals. Our findings highlight the broad scope of peer involvement, and provide insight into the context and mechanics of related interaction that may prove valuable in informing the next generation of peer-based weight management technology for use in everyday life.

Appropriation and creative use: linking user studies and design Workshops / Salovaara, Antti / Höök, Kristina / Cheverst, Keith / Twidale, Michael / Chalmers, Matthew / Sas, Corina Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.2 p.37-40

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: Appropriation refers to the ways that technologies are ÿadapted and repurposed to new purposes of use by individuals, groups or communities. This workshop brings together researchers interested in appropriation from CSCW and design. Until now, these communities have been working separately, despite their converging interests. The workshop is based on roundtable discussions that bring the participants' qualitative observations and theoretical viewpoints in contact with practical design efforts that support user creativity and appropriation.

Informed consent and users' attitudes to logging in large scale trials Works-in-progress / Morrison, Alistair / Brown, Owain / McMillan, Donald / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.2 p.1501-1506

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: The HCI community has begun to use 'app store'-style software repositories as a distribution channel for research applications. A number of ethical challenges present themselves in this setting, not least that of gaining informed consent from potential participants before logging data on their use of the software. We note that standard 'terms and conditions' pages have proved unsuccessful in communicating relevant information to users, and explore further means of conveying researchers' intent and allowing opt-out mechanisms. We test the hypothesis that revealing collected information to users will affect their level of concern at being recorded and find that users are more concerned when presented with a personalised representation of recorded data, and consequently stop using the application sooner. Also described is a means of allowing between-groups experiments in such mass participation trials.

Ethics, logs and videotape: ethics in large scale user trials and user generated content Workshops / Chalmers, Matthew / McMillan, Donald / Morrison, Alistair / Cramer, Henriette / Rost, Mattias / Mackay, Wendy Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011-05-07 v.2 p.2421-2424

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: As new technologies are appropriated by researchers, the community must come to terms with the evolving ethical responsibilities we have towards participants. This workshop brings together researchers to discuss the ethical issues of running large-scale user trials, and to provide guidance for future research. Trials of the scale of 10s or 100s of thousands of participants offer great potential benefits in terms of attracting users from vastly different geographical and social contexts, but raise significant ethical challenges. The inability to ensure user understanding of the information required to provide informed consent and problems involved in making users aware of the implications of the information being collected all beg the question: how can researchers ethically take advantage of the opportunities these new technologies afford?

Further into the Wild: Running Worldwide Trials of Mobile Systems Studies / McMillan, Donald / Morrison, Alistair / Brown, Owain / Hall, Malcolm / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of Pervasive 2010: International Conference on Pervasive Computing 2010-05-17 p.210-227

Keywords: Evaluation Techniques; Large Scale Deployment; Trial Methods

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: Many studies of ubiquitous computing systems involve deploying a system to a group of users who will be studied through direct observation, interviews and the gathering of system log data. However, such studies are often limited in the number of participants and duration of the trial, particularly if the researchers are providing the participants with hardware. Apple's App Store and similar application repositories have become popular with smartphone users, yet few ubiquitous computing studies have yet utilised these distribution mechanisms. We describe our experiences of running a very large scale trial where such a distribution model is used to recruit thousands of users for a mobile system trial that can be run continuously with no constrained end date. We explain how we conducted such a trial, covering issues such as data logging and interviewing users based in several different continents. Benefits and potential shortcomings of running a trial in this way are discussed and we offer guidance on ways to help manage a large and disparate user-base using in-application feedback measures and web-based social networking applications. We describe how, through these methods, we were able to further the development of a piece of ubiquitous computing software through user-informed design on a mass scale.

INTERNET GIST: Glasgow Interactive Systems Group 2010-04-20 United Kingdom, Scotland, Glasgow University of Glasgow

Keywords: hci-sites:laboratories |

www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/gist/

Multimodal Interaction Group
	+ Brewster, Stephen
Social Ubiquitous Mobile Group
	+ Chalmers, Matthew
Interactive Teaching and Technology
	+ Cutts, Quintin
Technology for Learning and Teaching
	+ Draper, Steve
Software, Technology, Tools and Methods
	+ Gray, Phil
Glasgow Accident Analysis Group
	+ Johnson, Chris
Dynamics and Interaction
	+ Murray-Smith, Rod
Diagram Evaluation
	+ Purchase, Helen
Graphical Authentification and Email Usage
	+ Renaud, Karen

Summary: GIST is an inter-disciplinary Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research group based at the University of Glasgow investigating all aspects of interactive systems focusing on ubiquitous computing, multimodal interaction, visualisation and modelling.
Key areas:

Mobile, wireless and ubiquitous computing
Interactive system architectures
Multimodal interaction (haptics, earcons and 3D sound)
Interfaces for blind, visually impaired people and older people
Home care systems
Collaborative filtering visualisation and information retrieval
Accident analysis and safety critical systems
User modelling and pattern recognition
Theories of information representation
Web authentification, Dynahand, email stress
Electronic Voting Systems, Schools Computing

Self-monitoring, self-awareness, and self-determination in cardiac rehabilitation Caring for ourselves / Maitland, Julie / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2010-04-10 v.1 p.1213-1222

Keywords: cardiac rehabilitation, dietary intake, health-related behavioural change, physical activity, self-monitoring

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: The application of self-monitoring technologies to the problem of promoting health-related behavioural change has been an active area of research for many years. This paper reports on our investigations into health-related behavioural change within the context of a cardiac rehabilitation programme, and considers the role that self-monitoring currently plays and may play in the future. We carried out semi-structured interviews with nineteen cardiac rehabilitation participants. Our main findings relate to distinctions between implicit and conscious change, tensions between cardiac rehabilitation and everyday life, the importance of self-awareness and self-determination, and an overall reluctance towards unnecessary self-monitoring. In view of these findings, we then offer suggestions as to how self-monitoring technologies can be designed to suit this particular context of use.

The Appropriation of Information and Communication Technology: A Cross-Cultural Perspective User Interface Design / Rojas, Jose / Chalmers, Matthew HCI International 2009: 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Part I: New Trends 2009-07-19 v.1 p.687-696

Keywords: Appropriation; ICT; context; infrastructure; layout; marketing; business; domestication; socialisation; peer support; media; triviality; commoditisation; meaning; relevance; space; place; social practices

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: In this paper we explore the process of appropriation attempting to broaden the set of topics considered significant on it. We present a model of appropriation derived from two studies conducted in the UK, Japan, South Korea and China. We describe our model based on a characterisation of elements supportive of appropriation in the context of use (discussed in terms of space/place, social practices and activity) and in the ICT itself (described in terms of meaning, relevance and triviality). We emphasise the pre-eminence of context in achieving the appropriation of ICT.

Adapting ubicomp software and its evaluation Engineering mobile & ubiquitous / Hall, Malcolm / Bell, Marek / Morrison, Alistair / Reeves, Stuart / Sherwood, Scott / Chalmers, Matthew ACM SIGCHI 2009 Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems 2009-07-15 p.143-148

Keywords: adaptive evaluation, contextual software, ubiquitous computing

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: We describe work in progress on tools and infrastructure to support adaptive component-based software for mobile devices 'in our case, Apple iPhones. Our high level aim is 'design for appropriation', i.e. system design for uses and contexts that designers may not be able to fully predict or model in advance. Logs of users' system operation are streamed back in real time to evaluators' data visualisation tools, so that they can assess design problems and opportunities. Evaluators and developers can then create new software components that are sent to the mobile devices. These components are either integrated automatically on the fly, or offered as recommendations for users to accept or reject. By connecting developers, users, and evaluators, we aim to quicken the pace of iterative design so as to improve the process of creating and sustaining contextually fitting software.

EyeSpy: supporting navigation through play Navigation / Bell, Marek / Reeves, Stuart / Brown, Barry / Sherwood, Scott / MacMillan, Donny / Ferguson, John / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009-04-04 v.1 p.123-132

Keywords: RF fingerprinting, human computation, mobile multiplayer games, mobile photography, navigation

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: This paper demonstrates how useful content can be generated as a by-product of an enjoyable mobile multiplayer game. In EyeSpy, players tag geographic locations with photos or text. By locating the places in which other players' tags were created and 'confirming' them, players earn points for themselves and verify the tags' locations. As a side effect of game-play, EyeSpy produces a collection of recognisable and findable geographic details, in the form of photographs and text tags, that can be repurposed to support navigation tasks. Two user trials of the game successfully produced an archive of geo-located photographs and tags, and in a follow-up experiment we compared performance in a navigation task using photographs from the game, with geo-referenced photos collected from the Flickr website. Our experiences with EyeSpy support reflection upon the design challenges presented by 'human computation' and the production of usable by-products through mobile game-play.

Adapting Evaluation to Study Behaviour in Context / Sherwood, Scott / Reeves, Stuart / Maitland, Julie / Morrison, Alistair / Chalmers, Matthew International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 2009 v.1 n.2 p.37-55

www.igi-global.com/Bookstore/Article.aspx

Summary: We present a reflection on a series of studies of ubiquitous computing systems in which the process of evaluation evolved over time to account for the increasing difficulties inherent in assessing systems 'in the wild'. Ubiquitous systems are typically designed to be embedded in users' everyday lives; however, without knowing the ways in which people will appropriate the systems for use, it is often infeasible to identify a predetermined set of evaluation criteria that will capture the process of integration and appropriation. Based on our experiences, which became successively more distributed in time and space, we suggest that evaluation should become adaptive in order to more effectively study the emergent uses of ubiquitous computing systems over time.

From awareness to repartee: sharing location within social groups I am here. Where are you? / Barkhuus, Louise / Brown, Barry / Bell, Marek / Sherwood, Scott / Hall, Malcolm / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2008-04-05 v.1 p.497-506

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: This paper investigates emergent practices around 'microblogging', changing and sharing status within a social group. We present results from a trial of 'Connecto', a phone based status and location sharing application that allows a group to 'tag' areas and have individuals' locations shared automatically on a mobile phone. In use the system moved beyond being an awareness tool to a way of continuing the ongoing 'story' of conversations within the group. Through sharing status and location the system supported each groups' ongoing repartee -- a site for social exchange, enjoyment and friendship.

Finding a balance: social support v. privacy during weight-management Works in progress / Maitland, Julie / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2008-04-05 v.2 p.3015-3020

ACM Digital Library Link

Summary: This work investigates current attitudes towards the involvement of others during weight-management (WM). It is prompted by ongoing attempts to harness social influence within system design so as to promote an increase in physical activity, with obesity often cited as a motivation. Through in-depth interviews, we have found that the complexities of sharing information in existing WM practices are not reflected in current system designs. Initial findings highlight the design tension raised by the need for social support as well as privacy. Preliminary design concepts of selective disclosure and relative comparison are offered to developers of sociocentric systems supporting WM-specific behavioural change.

Using Location, Bearing and Motion Data to Filter Video and System Logs Context and Its Application / Morrison, Alistair / Tennent, Paul / Williamson, John / Chalmers, Matthew Proceedings of Pervasive 2007: International Conference on Pervasive Computing 2007-05-13 p.109-126

Keywords: Video; auto-classification; analysis toolkit; log synchronisation; visualisation

Link to Digital Content at Springer

Summary: In evaluating and analysing a pervasive computing system, it is common to log system use and to create video recordings of users. A lot of data will often be generated, representing potentially long periods of user activity. We present a procedure to identify sections of such data that are salient given the current context of analysis; for example analysing the activity of a particular person among many trial participants recorded by multiple cameras. By augmenting the cameras used to capture a mobile experiment, we are able to establish both a location and heading for each camera, and thus model the field of view for each camera over time. Locations of trial participants are also recorded and compared against camera views, to determine which periods of user activity are likely to have been recorded in detail. Additionally the stability of a camera can be tracked and video can be subsequently filtered to exclude footage of unacceptable quality. These techniques are implemented in an extension to Replayer: a software toolkit for use in the development cycle of mobile applications. A report of initial testing is given, whereby the technique's use is demonstrated on a representative mobile application.