| Usability and MMS uses on mobile phones | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 1-4 | |
| Rachel Demumieux; Farid Habbouche | |||
| This paper presents studies carried out in France Telecom R&D on MMS's
service (multimedia messaging) available on compatible mobile phones since
September 2002. With the MMS, the users can send and receive photos, pictures
and sound. Two user tests enabled us to identify some difficulties of use.
Currently, we carry out a global study (qualitative and quantitative) in order
to understand the uses. The first results show that MMS are especially employed
for private communication. The users send pictures (shooting with camera phone)
and text. The camera phone users, who don't send MMS estimate that the service
is too expensive. Moreover, people around about them have not always a
compatible MMS mobile phone. Keywords: MMS, camera, ergonomics, mobile phone, qualitative study, quantitative
study, usability test | |||
| Observation and capture of multimodal interaction in mobile situations | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 5-8 | |
| Moustapha Zouinar; Marc Relieu; Pascal Salembier; Guillaume Calvet | |||
| This paper describes a method and a data collection infrastructure for
capturing data about the use of a mobile multimodal system in the field, under
realistic conditions. The infrastructure includes instrumentation worn by the
user to capture his perspective while moving, a means of capturing a wider view
of the context and a multimodal data logger. Keywords: interaction data capture, mobility, multimodal systems, observation of
activity | |||
| Towards an evaluation of usages for the integration of nomad devices in the aeronautic maintenance domains | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 9-12 | |
| Claude Reyterou | |||
| Since the last years, several works show that the use of nomad devices is
possible in the aeronautic maintenance due to the improvement of information
(the contain of data and the adaptation of supports can satisfy the needs and
constraints). However, evaluation of usages is necessary to realize a good
integration of technologies. In this paper, we show a first thought on analysis
of usage allowing us to take into account the whole issues regarding to
integration of nomad devices in the aeronautic maintenance activities. Keywords: aircraft, integration, maintenance, nomad devices, usages | |||
| A definition of mobility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 13-16 | |
| Alan Lelah; Karine Grein-Cochard | |||
| This study proposes to give a definition of mobility that can be used as a
reference in the field of telecommunications. It also presents the methodology
which was employed to get to this definition. Keywords: facteurs humanis, sociologie | |||
| AuthenLink: a user-centred authentification system for a secure mobile com | | BIBA | Full-Text | 17-20 | |
| Christina Braz | |||
| We envision an environment where humans communicate directly with computers without additional authentication inputs like passwords, passphrases, PINs (Personal Identification Numbers), biometrics, or other existent authentication systems; and where humans network (intercommunicate) continually with wireless devices. In this paper, we propose a new RFID-based wireless authentication system, not yet implemented, called "AuthenLink" designed for mobile devices, coupled with a new approach to distinguishing characteristics to authenticate people (authentication factor): something you CONVEY. The utmost purpose of this paper is to provide an ease, user-centred and acceptable security authentication system especially against fraud, counterfeit, and theft for the wireless domain (cellular phones and personal digital assistants PDAs). Our authentication system achieves its goal through a microprocessor chip (ChipTag) computer implanted under human skin. This Chip Tag is able to authenticate user's access to systems, connect them wirelessly, through the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology [5], and also enable mobile users to perform mobile transactions. | |||
| Interactivity in large class: state of Art and DRIM-AP project | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 21-24 | |
| B. David; F. Mercier; R. Chalon; O. Delotte; J. P. Berthet | |||
| The aim of this paper is to present how to make teaching in large class
livelier and more participative by using wireless devices. This paper describes
the challenge of teaching in large class, presents the state of the art and
introduces DRIM-AP project (French acronym for Multiple Interactive Radio
Devices and Participative Theaters) at Ecole Centrale of Lyon. Keywords: E-learning, HCI, interactivity, mobility, virtual classroom | |||
| PortaNum: a reading aid for a classroom blackboard | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 25-28 | |
| Marianne Douard; Joseph Colineau; Loïc Goasduff | |||
| Developed by THALES, PortaNum is a reading aid which allows visually
impaired people to read texts (located at a distance) on a classroom blackboard
or slides presented in a meeting. The useful system for distance vision
consists in a camera connected to a laptop and an image digital processing
software. The image processing improves the legibility, corrects the defects of
lighting, increases contrasts, enlarges the image and then offers quality and
optimal visual comfort. Keywords: HCI, PortaNum video magnifier, image processing, low vision, new
technologies, reading aid, visually impaired people | |||
| Providing information to the users of public transportation by combining Wi-Fi network and satellite communications | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 29-35 | |
| Christophe Gransart; Sébastien Ambellouis; Jean Rioult | |||
| In this article, we present the results of a research project aiming at
providing information in real time to the users of public transportation. We
show that new innovating services can be developed and can offer an access,
with a good quality of service (with an average or big bandwidth), to
information, multi-media contents and databases. This project merges innovating
technologies to transmit information: Wi-Fi network inside of the buses and
satellite communications to update on board information. This article describes
the software choices and indicates the future improvements for the system. Keywords: CORBA middleware, Wi-Fi, geo-location, ground surface transports, satellite | |||
| ICARE: a component-based approach for multimodal interaction | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 36-43 | |
| Jullien Bouchet; Laurence Nigay; Didier Balzagette | |||
| Mobile and ubiquitous systems support multiple interaction techniques such
as the synergistic use of active modalities (speech, gesture, etc.) and passive
modalities (gaze, localization of a user, etc.). The flexibility they offer
results in an increased complexity that current software development tools do
not address appropriately. In this paper we describe a component-based
approach, called ICARE, for specifying and developing interfaces combining
active and passive modalities. Our approach relies on two types of components:
(1) elementary components that describe pure modalities (active and passive)
and (2) composition components (Complémentarité, Redundancy and
Equivalence) that enable the designer to specify combined usage of modalities.
The designer graphically assembles the ICARE components and the code of the
multimodal user interface is automatically generated. Although the ICARE
platform is not fully developed, we illustrate the applicability of the
approach with the implementation of three mobiles systems: two GeoNote systems
and one prototype of cockpit commands of Rafale (French military plane). Keywords: HCI, I/O devices, active and passive modalities, interaction languages,
mobility, multimodality, software components, ubiquitous | |||
| Generation of location-aware services for mobile applications | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 44-47 | |
| Gustavo Rossi; Silvia Gordillo; Robert Laurini | |||
| This paper deals with the problem of generating context-aware services for
mobile applications. First, we present a discussion about designing problems
during the development of software product based on location, by means of a
simple scenario, namely a campus. Then a set of design structure is presented,
based on the object-oriented model, allowing the adaptation of the behaviour of
geographic objects for mobile users. Finally, some final remarks are given.
Finalement, quelques remarques finales sont données. Keywords: context-awareness, design, ecolution, mobile applications, mobility,
pervasive applications, spatial context | |||
| Component-based architecture and implicit interactions: wearable computing application | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 48-51 | |
| Daniel Cheung-Foo-Wo; Jean-Yves Tigli; Michel Riveill | |||
| This study of software architecture for wearables aims at showing that
component-based architecture can be well suited for component reusability and
rapid prototyping in constraint resource environments. But some component
assembly might produces side effects inside the resulting application. Indeed,
drawbacks can be limited by using an architecture based on the decomposition of
components into behavioural structures and implicit interaction between
components. This approach is validated by a wearable application for visual
disabled. Keywords: component, software architecture, wearable computer | |||
| An adaptative mechanism for communicating with mobile objects | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 52-59 | |
| Denis Caromel; Fabrice Huet | |||
| As middlewares are more and more spanning over larger networks, towards
world-wide grid computing, communicating with mobile objects in a scalable and
reliable manner becomes an important and difficult issue. This paper proposes a
parametric protocol for such communications. Based on Time To Live (TTL)
forwarders, and Time To Update (TTU) mobile objects, it allows to get the best
of those two well-known techniques (forwarders, servers). As a parametric
protocol, it can be adapted to various network conditions. Keywords: TTL, TTU, adaptation, communication, middleware, mobilité, objets
mobiles | |||
| User interface development environment based on components: assets for mobility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 60-65 | |
| Anne-Marie Dery-Pinna; Jérémy Fierstone | |||
| In this paper we present our UI development environment based on components.
The UI is considered as a technical service of a business component just like
security or persistence. The dialog between UI and business components is
managed by an interaction/coordination service that allows the reconfiguration
of components without modifying them. A UI component merging service handles
dynamic assembly of corresponding UI components. Keywords: abstract view, assembly, component, composition, concrete view, interaction,
merging, semantic | |||
| A design notation for mobile collaborative mixed systems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 66-73 | |
| Philippe Renevier; Laurence Nigay | |||
| Real needs of mobile users working in groups can be addressed by Mobile
Collaborative Mixed Systems. But the design of such systems is a complex task
due to the variety of design parameters. For example the characterization of
the usage context is difficult because of the mobility of the users as well as
the different types of collaboration amongst them. In this paper we present a
characterization space and a notation as useful tools for the design of Mobile
Collaborative Mixed Systems. Our two contributions are placed within a scenario
based design process. Keywords: CSCW, design, mixed system, mobility, scenario | |||
| GUIDE-ME: graphical user interface for the design of mixed interactive environment based on the ASUR notation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 74-77 | |
| Joël Viala; Emmanuel Dubois; Philip D. Gray | |||
| In this paper we present GUIDE-ME, Graphical User Interface for the DEsign
of Mixed interactive Environment, a graphical tool to the design and the
description of mixed systems also called ubiquitous systems. Based on the ASUR
notation, that supports the description and the reasoning of mixed systems
during the design phase, GUIDE-ME offers graphical editing capabilities for the
manipulation of this notation. GUIDE-ME opens up new perspectives in terms of
combinations of this notation with other HCI design methods and tools. To
illustrate this, we present the links we established between GUIDE-ME and
ASURSim, a platform supporting the simulation of the interaction of a mobile
user in mixed 3D environment. Keywords: augmented reality, augmented virtuality, design method, mixed systems, tool
support for ASUR | |||
| MADA, a mobile application development approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 78-85 | |
| Nabil Kouici; Nawel Sabri; Denis Conan; Guy Bernard | |||
| Despite the rapid evolution of computers in mobile environments, current
middleware are inadequate in mobile environments where resources can vary a lot
and even disappear. Most of research works dealing with disconnection
management do not provide a design model for applications. In this article, we
present MADA, an approach to design distributed applications for disconnections
thats follows the Model Driven Architecture approach [23]: the software
architecture is modelled using the design pattern "Façade" [10] and with
4+1 views [17], and then projected over a platform, here the CCM (CORBA
Component Model) platform [25], with a UML (Unified Modelling Language)
profile. Keywords: adaptation, component, disconnection, mobility | |||
| Transaction commit protocols for mobile environment: a first study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 86-89 | |
| Christophe Bobineau; Cyril Labbé; Claudia Roncancio; Patricia Serrano-Alvarado | |||
| We present first results on the comparison of transactional commit protocols
for mobile context (2PC, UCM and CO2PC). Keywords: performance measurement | |||
| Failure, connectivity and disconnection detectors | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 90-97 | |
| Lynda Temal; Denis Conan | |||
| In mobile environments, mobile terminals are subject to disconnections, for
instance, when moving out of the range of a base station. In addition, users
execute distributed applications that fail when a single crash occurs. These
two extra-functionalities (disconnection management and fault tolerance) are
supported by detection mechanisms (of connectivity and disconnection, and of
failure). In this paper, we define the concepts of connectivity detector and
disconnection detector, by comparison with unreliable failure detectors. These
three types of detectors are then mixed for extending disconnection management
and leveraging fault tolerance. Keywords: disconnections, mobility, unreliable failure detectors | |||
| A safe and generic model for synchronizing divergent data | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 98-106 | |
| Gérald Oster; Pascal Molli; Hala Skaf-Molli; Abdessamad Imine | |||
| La réconciliation de données divergentes est un des
problèmes clefs de l'informatique mobile, ainsi que des systèmes
de gestion de configuration. Malgré le nombre important de
synchroniseurs et d'outils de fusion qui traitent ce problème, aucun
critère de correction d'un processus de synchronisation n'existe.
Dans cet article, nous proposons d'utiliser le modèle des transformées opérationnelles pour raisonner sur la synchronisation de données divergentes. Nous présentons un algorithme et des fonctions de transformation qui réalisent la réconciliation d'un système de fichiers. Contrairement aux autres synchroniseurs, notre système garantit des propriétés bien définies telles que la convergence et le respect de la causalité. Il est également extensible à d'autres types de données. Keywords: divergence, synchronisation, transformées opérationnelles | |||
| Reconciliation service for copies synchronisation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 107-114 | |
| Lydialle Chateigner; Sophie Chabridon; Nawel Sabri; Guy Bernard | |||
| The concept of multi-synchronous interaction has become popular in the
context of collaborative work [7]. This cooperation mode allows the
participants of a virtual team to alternate periods of work in coupled mode
collaborating with the other team members with isolated work in uncoupled mode.
As divergence may then occur, a reconciliation mechanism is required for team
members to synchronize their work.
This article deals with collaborative work among mobile users who manipulate component-based applications. We present the architecture of a reconciliation service that can be seen as an extra-fonctional service supported by the components container. More precisely we propose to extend a component-based middleware by the integration of a synchronisation service implementing the SOCT4. ("Sérialisation des opérations concurrentes par transposition") algorithm [23, 24] based on operation transforms technology. Keywords: collaborative work, component-based applications, copies reconciliation,
extensible container, mobility | |||
| Location-dependent queries evaluation in mobile networks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 115-122 | |
| Marie Thilliez; Thierry Delot | |||
| The recent emergence of handheld devices and wireless networks implies an
exponential increase in the number of terminals users. Given this increase,
today's service providers have to propose new location-aware applications based
on users mobility. We particularly focus on applications based on communication
areas. These areas are formed by juxtaposition of several wireless and/or
mobile networks and allow the users of handheld devices, physically close to
each other, to communicate and exchange data. In this mobile and dynamic
environment, the current localization services are not well suited, thus, we
have proposed ISLANDS. The localization service ISLANDS provides an evaluation
model which allows, in particular, the evaluation of location dependent queries
such as "which is the closest theater to me?". In this paper, we describe the
proposed solutions to allow the expression and the evaluation of this type of
queries. And, we detail more particularly the evaluation of these solutions. Keywords: localization service, location dependent queries query evaluation, mobile
environment | |||
| Context-awareness, privacy and mobile access: a web semantic and multiagent approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 123-130 | |
| Fabien L. Gandon; Norman M. Sadeh | |||
| We give an overview of the work achieved in myCampus, an open environment
relying on context-awareness to assist mobile accesses to services available on
the intranet of a campus, while enforcing privacy preferences of the users. Keywords: agents, context, mobility, privacy, semantic web | |||
| Contextor: capture and dynamic distribution of contextual information | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 131-138 | |
| Gaëtan Rey; Joëlle Coutaz | |||
| Without the support of adequate software infrastructures, the implementation
of context sensitive interactive systems is hard to achieve in a sound way. In
this article, we propose the notion of contextor, a software abstraction that
supports the operational deployment of interaction contexts. We show how
contextors are organized into levels of abstraction, and how these levels fit
within the Arch architecture reference model for interactive systems. Based on
the P2P paradigm, the contextor infrastructure is intended to support both
mobility and ubiquity. Similar in spirit to the Context Toolkit, we make the
differences explicit. Keywords: context modeling, human computer interaction, interaction context, software
architecture, ubiquitous computing | |||
| Interacting with trust in ambient intelligence | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 139-142 | |
| Jean-Marc Seigneur | |||
| This short paper presents the use of computational trust engines in ambient
intelligent environments. Beyond the technical challenge of building
trust-based security frameworks, our initial investigations and prototypes have
shown that the human interfaces of these frameworks are also challenging and
need to be studied. Keywords: auto-configuration, computational trust, human interface, ubiquitous
computing | |||
| A personalized recommender system for travel information | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 143-150 | |
| Sergiu Chelcea; George Gallais; Brigitte Trousse | |||
| This article concerns an emerging research field related to mobility from
the transport point of view, linked to the travel information retrieval. To
facilitate such a retrieval, we propose the use of recommender systems in a
mobility context: these systems facilitate information retrieval, and help
prepare the user's trip ("pre-trip": choice of the transport mode, schedule,
route, time of the trip, ...) and carry it out ("on-trip": interactive
guidance, way visualization, destination planning). This double impact is
rarely exploited today and we propose, after a description of the used
technologies, to illustrate the benefits of this new approach on a traditional
tourist visit example. The originality of this approach lies in 1) its
capacities to adapt the recommendations to the user's behavior during his
information retrieval correlated to his own movement and 2) the on-line
learning capabilities of such a system supporting information retrieval. Keywords: adaptive interfaces, case-based reasoning, collaborative filtering, filtrage
collaboratif, information retrieval, information yoyageur, mobility, on-trip,
pre-trip, raisonnement à partir de cas, recommender systems,
systèmes de recommandations, tourism, tourisme, transport, traveler
information | |||
| Design and integration of a handwritten character recognition system into mobile phones | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 151-157 | |
| Eric Anquetil; François Bouteruche | |||
| In this paper, we present the conception and the integration of the
handwritten character recognition system (RESIFCar) into mobile devices:
smartphone and personal digital assistant. Through an industrial collaboration,
RESIFCar has been successfully integrated into mobile devices. These mobile
phones are today commercialized in Europe. The experience coming from this
industrialization shows us the important part of the input interface in the
efficiency of the application. More recent works are presented in the last part
of this paper. These works focus on the design of a new pen input interface
dedicated to the mobile devices. Keywords: ergonomics, handwriting recognition system, pen-based interface, smart phone | |||
| Mobile devices: soft keyboard text-entry enhanced by Visual Cues | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 158-165 | |
| Laurent Magnien; Jean Leon Bouraoui; Nadine Vigouroux | |||
| Soft keyboards usually depict a minimal representation of standard desk
keyboard. To optimize these devices, some researchers have proposed
non-standard keyboard layouts (letters arrangement of the keys). This would
theoretically allow to reach greater performances. However these soft keyboards
do not meet a wide audience. A probable explanation is the difficulty to become
familiar with an unknown layout. In order to facilitate this process, we
propose to use visual clues: keys likely to be selected are predicted and
highlighted. Hence the user has to scan less key to enter a character. We start
to evaluate this method through a user study, by designing a situation where
subject is systematically faced with a novel layout. First results suggest that
visual clues improve text entry rate on unknown soft keyboard layouts. Hence,
according to the letter prediction system, visual clues could be used to
improve immediate user satisfaction with optimized soft keyboard, contributing
to enlarge their audience. Keywords: HCI, PDA, mobility, soft keyboard, text input, touch screens, visual cues | |||
| Physical objects linked to audio sources: phicon+earcon=phearcon | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 166-173 | |
| Sylvain Daudé; Laurence Nigay | |||
| This article introduces a new kind of interface, the Phearcons, which are
physical objects linked to audio sources that are spatialized according to the
objects position and represent information sources. We aim at designing and
developing a platfrom called Phearcons for specifying and running such
interfaces. This article provides design rules as well as a process for the
specification and implementation of such a platform. Keywords: icônes physiques, phearcons, sonification, sources sonores | |||
| Cooperative approach for mobile application adaptability based on MobileJMS | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 174-181 | |
| Mejdi Kaddour; Laurent Pautet | |||
| Application adaptability to context changes has emerged as an absolute
necessary criteria in the design of successful mobile systems. In this context,
we investigate in this paper various factors to be taken into account to reach
this goal. We propose an approach based on the cooperation between applications
and the MobileJMS middleware which we developed previously. First, applications
specify their requirements and constraints in terms of quality of service.
Second, middleware provides primitives which fulfill these requirements and
constraints. This equation is completed by the correlation between the quality
of the service and the execution context of the applications. Keywords: JMS, MOM, adaptability, application, middleware, mobility, policy | |||
| Design of an embedded cost model for mobile queries | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 182-186 | |
| Mohammad Hussein; Franck Morvan; Abdelkader Hameurlain | |||
| In the context of heterogeneous and distributed data sources in large scale,
the traditional optimizers generate execution plans can be sub-optimal because:
the estimations are inaccurate, the unavailability of data and the execution
environment is unstable. To deal with the sub-optimality of an execution plan,
an approach consists to execute each relational operator of an execution plan
by a mobile agent. This one can migrate from a site to the other one to comply.
The information stored in the site, where the agent is situated, can be
insufficient to calculate the site of migration of the agent. In this paper, we
propose integrating into the mobile agent, executing an operator, a cost model.
This last one allows the mobile agent to choose its site of migration the most
appropriate. Keywords: cost model, heterogeneous distributed databases, mobile agents, optimization | |||
| JASON: an open platform for discovering and hosting applications in ad hoc networks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 187-194 | |
| Nicolas Le Sommer; Hervé Roussain | |||
| This paper presents a platform called JASON, which allows owners of mobile
devices to discover software applications that can be made available to them
spontaneously by the other members of their network. It also permits them to
announce the applications they wish to provide to the other people, and
provides them with facilities to download remote applications and to run these
applications locally in a secure environment. Keywords: ad-hoc networks, discovery and accommodations of untrusted applications,
secure deployment environment | |||
| Replica placement in a pervasive environment | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 195-198 | |
| Julien Gossa; Jean-Marc Pierson; Lionel Brunie | |||
| This short paper proposes a replica placement and selection method adapted
to pervasive environment. The described solution, based on Small Worlds and the
k-server algorithm, is dynamic and flexible according to the mobility and
unpredictability of users and networks. Keywords: k-server, pervasive computing, proxy, replication | |||
| Open-service-platform instrumentation: JMX management over OSGI | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 199-202 | |
| Stéphane Frénot; Dan Stefan | |||
| Pervasive computing tries to narrow computer devices to the end-user in
order to simplify access to his services. This trends currently visible in game
online (Xbox live) or with the convergence between phone/internet/numeric
television (freebox) is only made available by independent providers that works
at defining closed platforms.
Opening those “ service platforms ” leads to many problems when considering exploitation of those services by multiple providers. In this article, we will focus on instrumentation and supervision of those open service platforms by providing a standard instrumentation layer above them. Keywords: JMX, OSGi, administration, instrumentation, middleware, open service
platforms | |||
| A generic architecture for adaptable multimedia services provision: illustration by a scenario | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 203-206 | |
| Zakia Kazi-Aoul; Isabelle Demeure; Jean-Claude Moissinac | |||
| This paper introduces a generic architecture for the provision of adaptable
services to mobile terminal users. The architecture involves the use of
component technologies for the service logic and the use of MPEG-7 and MPEG-21
functionalities that enable the description, processing and adaptation of
multimedia flows.
The requirements for adaptable services are motivated by the presentation of an adaptation scenario. The functioning of the architecture is illustrated by the same scenario. Keywords: MPEG21, MPEG7, adaptation, components, multimedia | |||
| Dissemination asynchrone d'information en mode peer-to-peer dans les réseaux ad-hoc | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 207-210 | |
| Hervé Roussain; Frédéric Guidec | |||
| This paper presents a model for peer-to-peer, asynchronous data
dissemination in ad hoc networks. This model relies on a "collective memory"
all stations contribute to implement, according to their capacity. This
approach helps tackle station volatility and network fragmentation. Information
exchange can be performed asynchronously by stations that are not necessarily
active simultaneously in the network. Moreover in a fragmented network a
station roaming between network islands can provide its neighbours with
information it has gathered while visiting another part of the network. Keywords: Ad-hoc networks, mobility, peer-to-peer, software components | |||
| Development of visual communication applications by combining multisource video data | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 211-214 | |
| Phuong H. Nguyen; Jozef Hatala; Gilles Privat; Pascal Sicard | |||
| In this paper, we present an ambiance sharing application based on
multimedia streams. The functionalities toward an ambient communication are
studied. We described also the architecture of our application and give the
results of its experimentations in various contexts. From these works, we
define a new application' architecture based on a flexible, adaptive and
distributed multimedia framework. Keywords: X3D, ambient sharing, multimedia framework, panorama vision | |||