| Gender and Personality in Media Rich Interfaces: Do Birds of a Feather Flock Together? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 22-26 | |
| Traci J. Hess; Mark A. Fuller; John Mathew | |||
| This research explores how user and interface characteristics can interact
to influence decision performance. Specifically, this research examines the
effects of gender, personality similarity, and increased levels of information
cues on user involvement with a computer-based decision aid. In addition, this
research explores the downstream effects of user involvement on decision time,
effort, satisfaction, confidence, and quality. Findings indicate that gender
has a significant influence on user involvement, and that involvement and the
level of information cues provided by the decision aid have a direct influence
on decision performance. Keywords: Gender, Involvement, Decision-Making, Decision Performance, Personality,
Information Cues | |||
| A Test of the Theory of DSS Design for User Calibration: The Effects of Expressiveness and Visibility on User Calibration | | BIBA | Full-Text | 27-31 | |
| Brian M. Ashford; George M. Kasper | |||
| This paper reports a test of the theory of decision support systems design for user calibration that compares the efficiency of the visual computing paradigm with that of the conventional text paradigm over varied levels of problem novelty. Perfect user calibration exists when a user's confidence in a decision equals the quality of the decision. The laboratory study reported here compared the effects on user calibration of problems depicted either using a text paradigm or visual computing paradigm. The results support the theory. When problems are new and novel, visual depiction improves user calibration. As problems became more familiar and problem novelty decreases, no difference was found in user calibration between subjects exposed to visibility diagrams and those exposed to a traditional text paradigm. | |||
| When Information Technology Design Favors Form over Function: Where is the Value-Added "Tipping Point"? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 32-36 | |
| Rita M. Vick; Brent Auernheimer | |||
| Performing usability analysis early in the design process results in lower
overall development, deployment, and maintenance costs. Pre-development user
and task analysis through questionnaires, observation, low-fidelity
prototyping, and usability testing enables productive interactive testing of
subsequent operable system prototypes. This helps assure a positive return on
investment in information technology. When user-centered design assessment is
supplanted by assumptions about user, task, and work environment, the result is
often production of applications embellished with functionality unrelated to
the user's task. Surveys were administered to elicit user perception of system
usability and usefulness and of satisfaction with intra-team interaction. This
was the first step in determining the relationship between form and function
for users of a Synchronous Distributed-Decision Support System (SD-DSS). It was
anticipated that the teamwork process would be most troublesome while the
SD-DSS would be perceived as easy to use and functional. The reverse proved to
be the case. Keywords: Distributed teamwork, decision modeling, usability, cognitive fit, task
analysis | |||
| A Communication Goals Model of Online Persuasion | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 37-41 | |
| E. Vance Wilson; Ying Lu | |||
| Online communication media are being used increasingly for attempts to
persuade message receivers. This paper presents a theoretical model that
predicts outcomes of online persuasion based on the structure of primary and
secondary goals message receivers hold toward the communication. Keywords: Computer-mediated communication; influence goals; uses and gratifications
theory; interpersonal influence | |||
| The "Voice Effect" in Groups | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 42-46 | |
| Tom L. Roberts; Paul Benjamin Lowry | |||
| This study looks at how collaborative technology, proximity choices, and
group size can affect voicing in groups. Results of the study, involving two
experiments with 550 participants, show that collaborative technology can
improve an individual's desire to voice, instrumental motives to voice,
non-instrumental motives to voice, and the opportunity to voice in face-to-face
groups. The results also show that the use of collaborative technology can
lesson individual voice losses as groups increase in size especially in
distributed environments. These findings have important implications in group
interactions using technology. Keywords: Human Computer Interaction, voice effect, collaboration | |||
| An Empirical Investigation of Antecedents of Internet Abuse in the Workplace | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 47-51 | |
| Dennis F. Galletta; Peter Polak | |||
| engage in Internet abuse, and whether any of 15 antecedents predict the
amount of that abuse. Data were collected from 571 Usenet users in an on-line
survey. Aggregating the time for each of the eleven listed methods of Internet
abuse revealed a total of 5.8 hours per week, on average. Most of the
antecedents in two of the three Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) categories
(Attitudes and Subjective Norms), were significant, and none of the antecedents
in the third TPB category (Perceived Behavioral Control) showed significance.
addiction, self-justification, job satisfaction, peer culture, and supervisor
culture were significant predictors of Internet abuse. Exploratory demographic
factors computer experience, gender, and firm revenue also showed predictive
power. Keywords: Cyberloafing, Internet Abuse, Theory of Planned Behavior, Attitudes,
Subjective Norms | |||
| HCI Research Transfer to Practice: Better Together | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 52-54 | |
| Mary Czerwinski; Izak Benbasat; Julie Ratner; Radhika Santhanam; Peter Todd | |||
| Currently, HCI researchers and HCI practitioners work in relatively separate
spheres of influence. Practitioners often question the value of academic HCI
research and desire more practical directions. HCI researchers often wonder if
their research findings are communicated via the optimal channels for
influencing practitioners' process and direction, or whether their results
generalize to the real workaday world of HCI. This panel attempts to outline
what practitioners need from their academic partners, and how they think these
needs can be addressed by academic research. Academics on the panel will state
what they see as interesting future research challenges, and whether or how
they think they can address the practitioner community's interests. The
practitioners on the panel will then state their opinions about the
opportunities for technology transfer from academia to practice. Keywords: Academic HCI research, HCI practitioners, technology transfer, usability,
generalizability, work practice | |||
| A Model Made of Paper: Clinicians Navigate the Electronic Health Record | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 55-59 | |
| Catherine Arnott Smith | |||
| The electronic health record (EHR) is actually an aggregation of individual
clinical documents. Medical records document not only the knowledge domains of
clinical practice, but the work processes and practices that support these
domains. Human-computer interaction is an important factor in EHR system
success: researchers have argued that clinician readers consciously perceive
the context of production, and integrate an understanding of the producer into
their understanding of the data. In support, this paper reports findings of an
information retrieval study using a simulated EHR containing deidentified
clinical documents. Physician subjects verbally demonstrated use of a mental
model of the paper medical record during their navigation of the system.
Clinicians may actively apply a mental representation of their domain of
practice -- and actively refer to this paper-based knowledge base -- when they
access medical data. An understanding of the mental models that clinicians use
would greatly inform our understanding of EHR systems. Keywords: Clinical information systems; medical records; passage retrieval; mental
models | |||
| Effect of Presentation Flaws on Users' Perception of Quality of On-Line Stores' Web Sites: Is it Perception that Really Counts? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 60-64 | |
| Andrea Everard; Dennis F. Galletta | |||
| Presentation flaws are abundant in web sites, but there has been no study to
determine how presentation flaws affect consumers' perceptions of quality of an
on-line store, trust in the store, and ultimately the intention to purchase.
The theoretical foundation stems from various relevant streams of literature:
trust and credibility, impression formation, and impression management. A
laboratory experiment examined three main factors, incompleteness, error, and
poor style, and used 160 student subjects in a completely balanced, fully
factorial design (2x2x2). It was found that error, incompleteness, and poor
style affected consumers' perceived quality of the web site. Furthermore, it
was found that the relationship between the factors and perceived quality was
mediated by the perception of the flaws. The perception of flaws rather than
the actual flaws influenced users' perception of quality. Keywords: Presentation flaws, perception, web site quality, trust, intention to
purchase | |||
| Exploring Website Evaluation Criteria using the Repertory Grid Technique: A Web Designers' Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 65-69 | |
| Felix B. Tan; Lai Lai Tung | |||
| This study aims to investigate web designers' perceptions of an "effective"
website. Twenty web designers were interviewed using Kelly's Repertory Grid
Technique in order to elicit factors that they consider important when
designing or developing B2C websites. Using grounded theory approach, these
elicited data were then classified into 14 meta-categories. The intensive
nature of the interviews eventually gave rise to a comprehensive framework that
broadens the base of existing web evaluation literature. This framework is
based on an adapted Technology Acceptance Model with the 4 dimensions of
Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Playfulness and
Attractiveness. Keywords: Website evaluation, repertory grid, human-computer interaction | |||
| Usability and Efficacy Reactions to Object-Orientation: The Impact of Prior Knowledge | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 70-74 | |
| Liping Liu | |||
| In this paper, we examine how prior knowledge impacts usability and efficacy
reactions to object-oriented techniques. We develop research hypotheses based
on the multiconstraint theory of analogical reasoning. We empirically test the
hypotheses in an open learning setting. We observed a significant interaction
effect: the subjects with prior knowledge on either data or process modeling
technique perceived greater difficulty and less confidence in learning
object-oriented techniques than novices as well as those who have prior
knowledge on both structured techniques. Prior knowledge explained 19% of the
variance in both usability and efficacy reactions and, as a common cause,
partially explained their correlation. Keywords: Usability, self-efficacy, object-oriented techniques | |||
| Evaluation of the Impacts of Data Model and Query Language on Query Performance | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 75-79 | |
| Hock Chuan Chan; Lian Xiang | |||
| It is important to understand how users can utilize database systems more
effectively to enhance performance. A major research interest is to evaluate
and compare user performance across different data models and query languages.
So far, experiments have tested combinations of model plus language. An
interesting theoretical and practical question is: how much of the performance
difference is caused by the data model itself, and how much by the additional
query language syntax? A cognitive model of query processing suggests
measurement at two stages. The data model has impact at the first stage, and
the model with the query language syntax together has the impact at the second
stage. An experiment that compares the objected-oriented and relational models
and query languages at the two stages provides fresh results. Keywords: Data model, query language, user performance, empirical study, query stage | |||
| End User Query Performance: The Interaction of User Characteristics and Information Request Ambiguity | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 80-84 | |
| Paul L. Bowen; Fiona H. Rohde; Chiu Yueh Alice Wu | |||
| This paper investigates the effects of personality characteristics on
individuals' abilities to resolve ambiguity in an information retrieval
environment. In particular, this research examines the effects on query
performance of the interaction of personality characteristics (as measured
using the NEO PI-R) with information requests that contained extraneous,
syntactic, or both extraneous and syntactic ambiguities. The results indicate
that ambiguity affected performance. The results also show that various
personality dimensions significantly affect end-users' abilities to compose
accurate queries. Neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience, and
conscientiousness affected the number of errors made in the query formulations.
Conscientiousness affected the length of time taken to compose the queries and
neuroticism affected the confidence end users had in the accuracy of their
queries. In addition, the results indicated that, while the personality
dimensions affected performance, there was no interaction between the
personality dimensions and ambiguity. Keywords: Personality, Information Retrieval, NEO PI-R, Ambiguity, Performance | |||
| Development of a Framework for Trust in Mobile Commerce | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 85-89 | |
| Keng Siau; Hong Sheng; Fiona Nah | |||
| Mobile commerce represents a significant development in e-commerce. Despite
the potential of mobile commerce, trust is a major obstacle in its adoption and
development. The focus of this research is to develop a framework to identify
the factors influencing trust in mobile commerce and to explain the development
of such trust using a means-ends objective network. We utilized the
Value-Focused Thinking approach to interview subjects in order to identify
their fundamental and means objectives concerning trust in mobile commerce and
to construct a means-ends objective network. A trust framework is developed
from the means-ends objective network. As one of the first research on trust in
mobile commerce, the framework developed in this study provides valuable
information for researchers and practitioners, and serves as a conceptual
foundation for future research in mobile commerce. Keywords: Trust, mobile commerce, value-focused thinking Note: Best paper award | |||
| A Study of Task Characteristics and User Intention to Use Handheld Devices for Mobile Commerce | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 90-94 | |
| Xiaowen Fang; Susy Chan; Jacek Brzezinski; Shuang Xu | |||
| Interface design and the selection of appropriate tasks for small-screen
mobile applications are issues critical for mobile commerce. Our earlier
research has identified five major task factors that may influence user
intention to use handheld devices for wireless applications. These factors are:
perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived playfulness, perceived
task complexity, and perceived security. We followed up with a
questionnaire-based empirical study to validate the relative impact of these
proposed task factors on user intention to use handheld devices for mobile
commerce. This paper confirms significant correlations between the task factors
and user intention. However, only three of the five factors -- perceived
usefulness, perceived security, and perceived playfulness -- are important to
user intention, explaining 30% of the variations in a multiple regression
model. This study makes a unique contribution to HCI and MIS research by
providing empirical evidence of user perception of task characteristics for
mobile commerce. Keywords: Task characteristics, mobile commerce, wireless handheld devices, usability
study | |||
| Post-Adoption Behavior of Mobile Internet Users: A Model-Based Comparison between Continuers and Discontinuers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 95-99 | |
| Hoyoung Kim; Jinwoo Kim | |||
| Many mobile Internet users are not continuing to use mobile Internet
services after initial use. This study aims to explore how such users
(discontinuers) differ from ongoing users (continuers) in terms of accepting
mobile Internet technology. We propose an adoption model for the mobile
Internet consisting of seven critical factors. An on-line survey was conducted
on the basis of this model to compare continuers and discontinuers. The survey
results show that discontinuers are more sensitive to usefulness and social
influences in using mobile Internet services, while continuers are more
sensitive to ubiquitous connectivity. Keywords: Mobile Internet, Technology Adoption Model | |||
| Finding Common Ground Among HCI Reference Disciplines | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 100-103 | |
| Dennis Galletta; Jonathan Lazar; Judith S. Olson; Dov Te'eni; Marilyn Mantei Tremaine; Jane Webster | |||
| Five panelists provide an interesting set of contrasting points of view of
the HCI field from four distinct disciplines: Business, Computer Science,
Information Science, and Psychology. Panelists are asked to respond to six
questions in their presentations that address what their particular field
offers that is unique, what seems to be quite similar, the effects of the
overlaps, and advice for the future. Many of the panelists represent multiple
fields, providing a unique opportunity to address the issues of overlap. Keywords: HCI Field, Research, Business, Computer Science, Information Science,
Psychology | |||
| Is Relevance Relevant? Investigating Coherence in Knowledge Sharing Environments | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 104-108 | |
| Andrew Gemino; Drew Parker; Adrienne Olnick Kutzschan | |||
| This paper focuses on the impact of relevant backgrounds on
computer-mediated knowledge sharing and individual knowledge acquisition. An
experiment is described based on the coherence principle from the Cognitive
Theory of Multi-Media Learning. Results suggest groups using visual chat scored
higher in retention and understanding than individuals working alone. In
addition, participants using visual chat with relevant backgrounds obtained
higher levels of understanding than participants using no relevance or
irrelevant backgrounds. These results support the coherence principle in the
cognitive theory of multimedia learning and suggest new directions in the
design and evaluation of knowledge sharing environments. Keywords: Knowledge sharing, collaborative learning, computer mediated communication,
knowledge acquisition | |||
| Interactivity and Control: The Case of Dynamic Maps for Navigation in Hypertext | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 109-113 | |
| Dov Te'eni; Hadar Ronen | |||
| Rich information environments such as online tutorials and web-books pose
considerable difficulties for users, of which the most notable is being 'lost
in hypertext'. If these environments are to become commonplace, they must be
designed to relieve users of these difficulties. In this paper we study the
effects of dynamic navigational maps on orientation and search performance. We
designed a conceptual map that tracks the user's position vis-à-vis the
content of the web-book and the history of the user's visits. We show how these
maps improve search performance significantly in terms of efficiency (number of
clicks) but only weakly in terms of time or accuracy. We call for more research
on how to enhance user control in complex information environments. Keywords: Web-book, e-book, orientation, disorientation, navigation, dynamic maps,
feedback, search efficiency | |||