| The World is Not a Desktop | | BIBA | 7-8 | |
| Mark Weiser | |||
| What is the metaphor for the computer of the future? The intelligent agent? The television (multimedia)? The 3-D graphics world (virtual reality)? The Star Trek ubiquitous voice computer? The GUI desktop, honed and refined? The machine that magically grants our wishes? The right answer is "none of the above," because all of these concepts share a basic flaw -- they make the computer visible. | |||
| Making It Macintosh: Designing the Message When the Message is Design | | BIBA | PDF | 10-20 | |
| Lauralee Alben; Jim Faris; Harry Saddler | |||
| Alben, Faris and Saddler describe the two-year development process that included graphic and interface designers. | |||
| A WIMP No More: The Maturing of User Interface Engineering | | BIBA | PDF | 22-34 | |
| Bill Curtis; Bill Hefley | |||
| Looking to the past, present and future of interface design, the authors review forces shaping its application and present a vision of emerging engineering practice. | |||
| Twenty-Two Tips for a Happier, Healthier Prototype | | BIBA | PDF | 35-40 | |
| James Rudd; Scott Isensee | |||
| The success of a prototyping effort is often dependent on lessons learned at the School of Hard Knocks. | |||
| Metaphor Mayhem: Mismanaging Expectation and Surprise | | BIBA | PDF | 41-43 | |
| Aaron Marcus | |||
| Metaphors provide the underlying images, terms, and concepts that make communication possible. | |||
| A Conversation with Brenda Laurel | | BIBA | 44-53 | |
| Karen A. Frenkel | |||
| Brenda Laurel, actress, research artist and UI pioneer is well-known for her
innovative and zestfully expressed ideas on UI design, interactive media,
videogames, virtual reality, and how computing and computer networks can touch
our lives. Her influential book, Computers as Theatre (Addison Wesley, 1991)
has just been issued in paperback with a new chapter on hype and virtual
reality.
"I describe myself as a research artist. I do art in the sense that I'm really interested in representing point of view and building representations that allow people to have feelings. I see that as a valid way to drive research." | |||
| A Discipline of Software Architecture | | BIBA | PDF | 55-65 | |
| Peter J. Denning; Pamela A. Dargan | |||
| The authors propose a new skill called "ontological mapping" as the basis of a discipline of software architecture. | |||
| "Sparks of Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction," edited by Ben Shneiderman | | BIBA | PDF | 67-71 | |
| Ben Shneiderman | |||
| Supporting the Process of Innovation: The Maryland Way. Innovation is a mysterious process. As a university community we have been repeatedly, but not consistently, successful in research and practical design. However, I still don't know how to predict when and where innovation will appear. | |||
| Challenges of HCI Design and Implementation | | BIBA | PDF | 73-83 | |
| Brad A. Myers | |||
| Myers reiterates that focusing on a system's user interface is important even though difficult. | |||
| CHI'94: "Celebrating Interdependence" | | BIBA | 85-87 | |
| As user interface design, human factors and enterprise-wide technology planning continue to be increasingly important in the design of products ranging from industrial controls to workstation and PC software, the annual CHI conference continues to provide the premier venue for learning about advances in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field. | |||
| Reflections | | BIBA | 88 | |
| John Rheinfrank; Bill Hefley | |||
| It has been only a decade since the world was told that computing would be made available for the "rest of us." A handful of early explorers -- Vannevar Bush, Doug Engelbart, and Alan Kay to name a few -- had laid the foundations that would enable subsequent generations to continue developing new frontiers. Now that period of quiet exploration has ended and new generations have taken up the challenge of defining the future by thoughtfully building it. | |||
| Designing a Language for Interactions | | BIBA | PDF | 7-9 | |
| Terry Winograd | |||
| Being a university teacher in the area of human-computer interaction can be both exciting and frustrating. There is a problem in trying to gather together appropriate materials in a field not yet mature enough to have produced a tradition of "classics." | |||
| Departments: What's Happening | | BIB | 10-12 | |
| A Conversation with Alan Kay | | BIBA | PDF | 13-22 | |
| Karen A. Frenkel | |||
| "Many five and six year olds have a theory that wind is made by the trees moving their branches. You should never tell a child that is wrong. The real question is: In what setting is that theory really working? Now that theory does not work well out in the physical world. It works just fine as a poetic image, and it works really well in a stage play that has some mystical elements in it, like Snow White." | |||
| Computers and Communication Design: Exploring the Rhetoric of HCI | | BIBA | PDF | 24-35 | |
| Daniel Boyarski; Richard Buchanan | |||
| Boyarski and Buchanan discuss how to convert the current understanding of HCI into products that engage human beings and facilitate their activities. | |||
| Learner-Centered Design: The Challenge for HCI in The 21st Century | | BIBA | PDF | 36-48 | |
| Elliot Soloway; Mark Guzdial; Kenneth E. Hay | |||
| Soloway, Guzdial, and Hay contend that the HCI community must move from user-centered design to learner-centered design. | |||
| New Wave Prototyping: Use and Abuse of Vacuous Prototypes | | BIBA | PDF | 49-54 | |
| Hal Berghel | |||
| The author takes issue with Rudd and Isensee's January 1994 interactions column. Rudd and Isensee respond. | |||
| Why GUI Panic is Good Panic | | BIBA | PDF | 55-58 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| Having to design completely new interfaces often serves as a powerful motivator to learn more about usability and to bring in a small amount of usability expertise. | |||
| Designing Computers with People in Mind | | BIBA | PDF | 60-69 | |
| Anne Garrison; S. Joy Mountford; Greg Thomas | |||
| The authors describe three prototype products from the Apple Interface Design Project. | |||
| VRST'94 | | BIBA | 71-72 | |
| The Conference on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, is a high-quality forum for presenting innovative virtual reality (VR) research and development. This conference, sponsored by ACM SIGCHI and the Institute of Systems Science, Singapore, will be held August 23-26, 1994 in Singapore. | |||
| "Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: Toward the Year 2000," edited and written by Ronald Baecker, Jonathan Grudin, William Buxton, and Saul Greenberg | | BIB | PDF | 73-79 | |
| Departments: Reflections | | BIBA | 80 | |
| John Rheinfrank; Bill Hefley | |||
| There are two kinds of cooks. One kind slaves over recipes. The other has a "feel" for the preparation of food, its presentation, and the experience of eating. | |||
| Departments: What's Happening | | BIB | 7-10 | |
| Holes in History | | BIBA | PDF | 11-16 | |
| Jef Raskin | |||
| A personal perspective on how and why the early history of today's major interface paradigm has been so often misreported. The popular media has a poor track record of accurately presenting the recent history of technology. Regarding the story of the origin of human-computer interfaces, they have been far off the mark. | |||
| If We're a Team, Why Don't We Act Like One? | | BIBA | PDF | 17-20 | |
| Karen Holtzblatt | |||
| The author addresses difficulties in communicating effectively within design teams and outlines creative techniques to overcome these barriers in design conversations. | |||
| Remote Usability Testing | | BIBA | PDF | 21-25 | |
| Monty Hammontree; Paul Weiler; Nandini Nayak | |||
| The authors describe strategies and technological building blocks needed for conducting usability testing with representative users located around the globe. | |||
| Investigating Lake Iluka: Graphic Design for the Interface | | BIBA | PDF | 26-40 | |
| Susan E. Metros | |||
| Metros discusses her experiences as a graphic designer on the interdisciplinary multimedia development team that crafted "Investigating Lake Iluka." | |||
| A Conversation with Bob Galvin | | BIBA | PDF | 43-52 | |
| Karen A. Frenkel | |||
| Robert W. Galvin started his career at Motorola in 1940. He held the senior
officership in the company from 1959 until January 1990, when he became
Chairman of the Executive Committee. Galvin continues to serve as a full-time
officer of Motorola. Here, Galvin discusses how corporations can foster
creativity among employeers, improve the quality of their products, and become
more competitive nationally and internationally. He relates his management
philosophy, as expressed in his book The Idea of Ideas (Motorola University
Press, 1991), to design and the process of team design. In 1989, Motorola was
the first large company-wide winner of the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality
Award.
"If one is oriented towards purposeful, process-driven creativity, one instinctively is always doing it. The person who is instinctively drawn to dynamic processing creativity asks where else does this apply, what could it be combined with, why is it a good idea, why don't they stop it." | |||
| Designing for Demanding Users | | BIBA | PDF | 54-64 | |
| Michael Sellers | |||
| Sellers presents three examples of applying user-centered design processes in developing highly usable interfaces for demanding users -- doctors, lawyers, and learners. | |||
| User-Centered Processes and Evaluation in Product Development | | BIBA | PDF | 65-71 | |
| Karen H. Kvavik; Shifteh Karimi; Allen Cypher; Deborah J. Mayhew | |||
| The authors describe real-life cases illustrating user-centered design processes in different settings with micro-, macro- and global foci. | |||
| ACM SIGGRAPH'94: The Twenty-First International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques | | BIB | 72-75 | |
| ACM Multimedia'94 | | BIBA | 75-76 | |
| Bringing together those working on multimedia and providing them a forum to learn from one another. | |||
| Participatory Design Conference | | BIBA | 77-78 | |
| A conference on methods, experiences, and perspectives on participatory approaches to technology design. | |||
| Innovation and Design: The Emerging Boundary Conditions | | BIBA | 79-80 | |
| John Rheinfrank; Bill Hefley | |||
| All too often design is seen as styling and producing the peripheral effect rather than as primary innovation and the creation of significant, meaningful discontinuity. As designers, especially as interaction designers, we need to remind ourselves that the intent of design is to create wonder-full, meaning-full experiences for people. | |||
| Departments: What's Happening | | BIB | 7-10 | |
| Usability: The Final Frontier | | BIB | PDF | 11-13 | |
| Lon Barfield | |||
| Document Interface | | BIBA | PDF | 15-18 | |
| Rob Haimes | |||
| The author addresses document design, and asks how designing advanced documents relate to interaction design or graphic design (or even system design)? | |||
| As They May Work | | BIBA | PDF | 19-24 | |
| Jakob Nielsen | |||
| The author describes strategies for extending a task analysis to suggest a number of features that users would likely want in a new system. | |||
| Harmony on an Expanding Net | | BIBA | PDF | 26-38 | |
| Barry Fenn; Hermann Mauer | |||
| The authors discuss the growth of the Internet and introduce Harmony, the first Hyper-G client software. | |||
| A Conversation with Fred Brooks | | BIBA | PDF | 39-45 | |
| Karen A. Frenkel | |||
| Fred Brooks is knows for his pioneering work in the visualization of
molecular models. This year, at SIGGRAPH, he received the Allen Newell Award,
which is given for career contributions that have breadth within computer
science, or that bridge computer science and other disciplines. He is also the
author of the widely read book, The Mythical Man-Month (1975, Addison-Wesley).
Here he discusses tools of the present and future for scientific visualization,
remotely held meetings and other applications. Dr. Brooks is Professor of
Computer Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
"In contrast with many engineers who make houses, cars, medicines, clothing for human need and enjoyment, we make things that themselves do not meet human needs, but serve as tools in the meeting of needs. In a word, the computer scientist is a toolsmith -- no more, but no less. It is an honorable calling." | |||
| The Interactions of Alicyn in Cyberland | | BIBA | PDF | 46-57 | |
| Leila J. Johannesen | |||
| This tale illustrates issues in HCI: What are effective paradigms for human-machine interaction? What constitutes good advice? And, what does it mean to understand something? | |||
| Explicitly Modal Interfaces for Business Professionals | | BIBA | PDF | 58-66 | |
| Alan Wexelblat | |||
| Wexelblat describes lessons learned in designing and building a desktop interface targeted at business and professional users. | |||
| Infomedia: Improving Access to Digital Video | | BIBA | PDF | 67-71 | |
| Scott Stevens; Michael Christel; Howard Wactlar | |||
| The authors describe intelligent, automatic mechanisms for full-content search and retrieval from digital video, audio, and text libraries. | |||
| "The McGraw-Hill Multimedia Handbook," edited by Jessica Keyes | | BIBA | 73-74 | |
| Industry experts predict that by 1995, multimedia will explode into a 15 to 20 billion dollar industry. These same pundits forecast that by the year 2000 every computer will be a multimedia machine. The McGraw-Hill Multimedia Handbook, has 50 chapters, 60 contributors, 800 pages and 200 images whose sole goal is to prepare readers to ride a tidal wave of change. | |||
| "Cost-Justifying Usability," edited by Randolph G. Bias and Deborah J. Mayhew | | BIB | 74-75 | |
| "The Cross-GUI Handbook for Multiplatform User Interface Design," by Aaron Marcus, Nick Smilonich, and Lynne Thompson | | BIB | 76 | |
| "Multimedia Systems," by John F. Koegel Buford | | BIB | 76-77 | |
| CSCW'94: ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work | | BIBA | 79-81 | |
| Combining communications and computing technologies to support work and other activities in groups varying in task, size, permanence, and structure. | |||
| UIST'94: ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology | | BIBA | 81-82 | |
| The Seventh Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, is the premier forum on innovative development of the human-computer interface. | |||
| Departments: Reflections | | BIBA | 84 | |
| John Rheinfrank; Bill Hefley | |||
| We have been using the word "community" to describe the webs of connection that are forming around computing and communication networks. Our belief is that these webs are not, in fact, communities, but other forms of social organization. We also believe that enabling the foundation of true communities within the networking domain should be one of our goals over the next five years. | |||