| Development of a Coloration Support Tool for Making Web Page Screens User-Friendly for Color Blind | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-9 | |
| Michiko Anse; Tsutomu Tabe | |||
| Websites are providing more and more information because of their
convenience. Information is often discriminated by color vision ability between
individuals. Some people cannot discriminate information depending on the
coloration. In these cases, information cannot be correctly discerned.
Therefore, the development of a supporting tool for configuring screens is
needed. Keywords: color blind; web page; coloration support tool | |||
| The Persuasive Effects from Web 2.0 Marketing: A Case Study Investigating the Persuasive Effect from an Online Design Competition | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 10-16 | |
| Asle Fagerstrøm; Gheorghita Ghinea | |||
| This case study investigates the effect from a Web 2.0 campaign, an online
design competition, accomplished by a company that produces and marketed
feminine care products (sanitary towels). The target segment for the campaign
was girls in four Nordic countries, in the age between 14 and 25. The main
characteristic for the target segment is that they are not much interested in
the product category. Our interpretation is that the online design competition
had a persuasive effect towards the target segment. By using the internet in an
interactive and social way, companies can achieve brand awareness and create a
positive attitude towards a brand in low-involvement segments. Suggestions for
further research are given. Keywords: Web 2.0; Interactivity; Persuasion; Involvement; Interactive marketing | |||
| Formalizing Design Guidelines of Legibility on Web Pages | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 17-25 | |
| Fong-Ling Fu; Chiu Hung Su | |||
| Screen design of web pages is challenging because web pages contain lot of
icons, consisting not only of texts with various fonts but also graphics with
different sizes and content. The objectives for screen design of a web page can
be either to provide aesthetic beauty, to convey complex information, to
improve legibility, or some combination of the above. This study chooses to
formalize design guidelines of legibility because information is becoming more
and more complicated in web pages and hampering the efficiency of information
searching. This study proposes six measurements of screen legibility: screen
ratio of navigator to content, font size variety, variety of icon types, color
contrast between background and foreground, content density, and number of
alignment points. These six factors were then use to measure the legibility
effectiveness of the startup page on four different yahoo.com sites. Combined
with the results from a survey study, we concluded that all six factors were
validated to be attributes with a significant and measurable impact on web site
legibility. Keywords: Guidelines of Web pages; Web pages design; Screen layout design; Legibility
design; Complexity measurement | |||
| The Assessment of Credibility of e-Government: Users' Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 26-35 | |
| Zhao Huang; Laurence Brooks; Sherry Y. Chen | |||
| Electronic government is increasing worldwide; however there are still some
problems which influence users' interaction with them. One of these problems is
trustworthiness, which appears to be affected by whether e-government websites
demonstrate their credibility. This study uses an empirical approach to
evaluate credibility of e-government websites, especially at the local level in
the UK. The evaluation consists of three steps: free interaction, task-based
interaction and questionnaire. The results indicate that the majority of
credibility problems are related to "site easy use", "site looks professional"
and "site update". The value of the study is that it provides guidance for
designers to improve the credibility of e-government websites. Keywords: e-government website; credibility; web-based online systems | |||
| Auto-complete for Improving Reliability on Semantic Web Service Framework | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 36-44 | |
| Hanmin Jung; Mikyoung Lee; Won-Kyung Sung; Beom-Jong You | |||
| This paper presents two methods for enhancing auto-complete which providing
search keywords that the user wants. The first is to display only search
keywords that can guarantee a successful search result in real time regardless
of document's insertion, deletion, and update. The second is to display search
keywords with their entity types such as person, institution, and topic. To
accomplish them, we introduce an auto-complete table that stores the entities
extracted and indexed from input documents and their document frequency (DF).
An auto-complete manager checks whether each entity in the table can guarantee
a successful search result or not by considering its DF, and provides proper
entities with their types to the user. To verify the effect of the
auto-complete, we are designing a comparative experiment. OntoFrame 2007
without the functions will be compared with OntoFrame 2008 with the functions
for discovering the effect of our auto-complete on the reliability of Semantic
Web services. Keywords: Auto-complete; Semantic Web; Semantic Web Framework; OntoFrame; Reliability;
Document Indexing | |||
| Effects of AJAX Technology on the Usability of Blogs | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 45-54 | |
| Sumonta Kasemvilas; Daniel Firpo | |||
| AJAX can enhance Web applications by updating a part of the Web page instead
of the whole page. This change of technology relates to a usability issue. We
used WordPress 2.3 to create two versions of blogs: non-AJAX and AJAX. Then we
conducted an experiment by giving a task scenario to eight participants. We
collected performance data by recording users' mouse movements during the
experiment and collected preference data by providing a questionnaire after the
tasks. Finally, we conducted post-experiment interviews to gather participants'
experiences. The quantitative results show that AJAX did not improve users'
performances the first time they used it, while qualitative interviews
demonstrate participants' satisfaction with AJAX blogs. Keywords: AJAX; Blog; Ease of Learning; Efficiency of Use; Error Frequency and
Severity; Experiment; Satisfaction; Usability; WordPress | |||
| Usability Evaluation of Dynamic RSVP Interface on Web Page | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 55-64 | |
| Ya-Li Lin; Darcy Lin | |||
| The usability of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) interface was
evaluated using subjective preference questionnaire and performance measurement
methods. Forty-two students voluntarily participated in this study. The results
indicated the shelf interface moving from bottom-left to upper-right along a
linear trajectory with moving speed of 20~30 frame per second (FPS) are most
preferable. The carousel interface following circular trajectory in clockwise
with moving speed of 10~15 FPS are most preferable. "Meets user experience",
"aesthetic and simple design", "effective to use", and "easy to learn" all
conform to the usability goals. In addition, the results based on performance
measurement showed a logistic regression model with RSVP mode and moving speed
are fitted very well. There is the highest probability estimation of correct
recognition for the carousel interface and moving speed of 30 FPS, however, the
shelf interface and 15 FPS has the lowest probability estimation of correct
recognition. Keywords: Dynamic Interface; Subjective Preference; Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
(RSVP); Usability Evaluation | |||
| "Online Legitimacy": Defining Institutional Symbolisms for the Design of Information Artifact in the Web Mediated Information Environment (W-MIE) | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 65-73 | |
| Emma Nuraihan Mior Ibrahim; Nor Laila Md. Noor | |||
| The global nature of the Internet raises questions about variety of ways,
whether and how trust is established that guide people's behavior and beliefs.
This study explores on the understanding of trust from the non technical
perspectives in the context of web mediated information environment (W-MIE);
conceptualized within the notion of online legitimacy [1]. We take up the
problem of how to enhance the trustworthiness of information on the web through
the design deployment that can be rationalized and understood by the ordinary
users. The paper highlights four dimensions of design elements that make up the
Institutional Trust Inducing Features framework [2] which warrants increased
attention. This paper is merely situating our comments in designing information
artifact within a sensitive context that is culturally imbued beyond the
typical security scope but rather the conceptual understanding on how user's
engage with information interactions. Keywords: information artifact; culturally sensitive design; online legitimacy; web
mediated information environment (W-MIE); institutional symbolisms | |||
| Evaluation of Web User Interfaces for the Online Retail of Apparel | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 74-83 | |
| Dominik Rupprecht; Rainer Blum; Karim Khakzar | |||
| In this paper we present intermediate findings of the ongoing research
project SiMaKon. It presents results of user tests, on how to design a
web-based user interface for the online retail of apparel. The aim was to
increase both the usability and the shopping experience. The study focuses on
the manner of the product catalogue navigation and presentation in relation to
different "modalities of needs". The results indicate that not only one
approach for an interface is to be chosen, but that a combination of several
concepts should be combined. Keywords: E-Commerce; Evaluation; Web-Based User Interface; Apparel; Rapid
Prototyping; Modalities of Need | |||
| A Coauthoring Method of Keyword Dictionaries for Knowledge Combination on Corporate Discussion Web Sites | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 84-93 | |
| Shinji Takao; Tadashi Iijima; Akito Sakurai | |||
| This paper states the issues faced, and the role played by keyword
dictionaries with regard to discussion based web sites which aim to achieve a
'collective knowledge' through the voluntary participation of corporate
employees, and proposes a corrective strategy. A keyword dictionary is valuable
in that it helps to integrate fragmented accumulated knowledge with generalized
knowledge. However, this necessitates a method that allows for coauthoring, and
Wiki, BBS and other existing tools are still insufficient in this respect. As
well as offering a method for expanding BBS, this paper shows a method for
assessing use within an actual corporation. Keywords: coauthoring; collective knowledge; wiki; bulletin board system | |||
| An Empirical Study the Effects of Language Factors on Web Site Use Intention | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 94-102 | |
| Hui-Jen Yang; Yun-Long Lay | |||
| Based on the research model, language anxiety, prior non-native language
experience, Internet self-efficacy and language self-efficacy are analyzed for
the intention to use non-native language commercial web sites, respectively.
Prior non-native language experience has affected language anxiety, language
self-efficacy and intention to use non-native language commercial web sites,
respectively. By the same token, whether or not Internet self-efficacy and
language self-efficacy affected by language anxiety is also examined. A valid
sample of 418 undergraduates was tested in this study. Path analysis results
fully supported the model tested. These results suggest that language anxiety,
prior non-native language experience, language self-efficacy and Internet
self-efficacy have an effect on the intention to use non-native language
commercial web sites. Prior non-native language experience has significantly
affected language anxiety, language self-efficacy and the intention to use the
non-native language commercial web sites, respectively. Furthermore, language
anxiety has significantly affected language self-efficacy and Internet
self-efficacy, respectively. Educational research and practitioner implications
are provided at the end of the paper. Keywords: non-native language commercial web site; prior non-native language
experience; language anxiety; language self-efficacy; Internet self-efficacy | |||
| Enhancing Document Clustering through Heuristics and Summary-Based Pre-processing | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 105-113 | |
| Sri Harsha Allamraju; Robert Chun | |||
| Knowledge workers are burdened with information overload. The information
they need might be scattered in many places, buried in a file system, in their
email, or on the web. Traditional Clustering algorithms help in assimilating
these wide sources of information and generating meaningful relationships
amongst them. A typical clustering preprocessing involves tokenization, removal
of stop words, stemming, pruning etc. In this paper, we propose the use of
summary and heuristics of a document as a pre-processing technique. This
technique preserves the formatting of a document and uses this information for
producing better clusters. In addition, only a summary of a document is used as
the basis for clustering instead of the whole document. Clustering algorithms
using the proposed pre-processing technique on formatted documents resulted in
improved and more meaningful clusters. Keywords: document clustering; clustering; summarization; heuristics | |||
| Email Reply Prediction: A Machine Learning Approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 114-123 | |
| Taiwo Ayodele; Shikun Zhou; Rinat Khusainov | |||
| Email has now become the most-used communication tool in the world and has
also become the primary business productivity applications for most
organizations and individuals. With the ever increasing popularity of emails,
email over-load and prioritization becomes a major problem for many email
users. Users spend a lot of time reading, replying and organizing their emails.
To help users organize and prioritize their email messages, we propose a new
framework; email reply prediction with unsupervised learning. The goal is to
provide concise, highly structured and prioritized emails, thus saving the user
from browsing through each email one by one and help to save time. In this
paper, we discuss the features used to differentiate emails, show promising
initial results with unsupervised machine learning model, and outline future
directions for this work. Keywords: Email reply prediction; machine learning; email messages; interrogative
words; need reply; do not need reply; email headers; unsupervised learning | |||
| An End-to-End Proactive TCP Based on Available Bandwidth Estimation with Congestion Level Index | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 124-130 | |
| Sangtae Bae; Doohyung Lee; Chihoon Lee; Jinwook Chung; Jahwan Koo; Suman Banerjee | |||
| Transmission control protocol (TCP) is one of the core communication
protocols of the Internet protocol suite. For this reason, significant
enhancements on TCP have been made in both wired and wireless networks. In this
paper, we propose an end-to-end proactive TCP based on available bandwidth
estimation with congestion level index (CLI), called CLI-based TCP. From the
previous TCP schemes, we have found that the TCP sender does not know how much
the network is congested because network congestion is represented by only two
status, congestion exists or not. Therefore, we define the concept of CLI,
outline the procedure of the CLI algorithm, and describe how to realize the
CLI-based TCP. In addition, we have shown that CLI-based TCP can handle network
congestion more minutely and improve overall TCP performance. Simulation
results show that under 90% traffic load, the CLI-based TCP outperforms TCP New
Jersey by 49.8% improvement in goodput. Keywords: Transmission control protocol; end-to-end proactive approach; available
bandwidth estimation; congestion level index | |||
| Smart Privacy Management in Ubiquitous Computing Environments | | BIBA | Full-Text | 131-139 | |
| Christian Bünnig | |||
| Privacy in ubiquitous computing environments is primarily considered as a problem of protecting personal information from unauthorized access and misuse. Additionally it can also be seen as a process of interpersonal communication where not hiding but selective disclosure of personal information is the central issue, i.e. how users can practice privacy intuitively and dynamically in computerized environments similar to the analog world. In this work we discuss the management of private information concerning interpersonal privacy implications in smart environments. Existing work mostly does not match the intuitive and dynamic aspects of privacy in context of interpersonal communication. As an alternative we suggest an ad hoc approach to privacy management which uses learning techniques for an in situ disclosure assistance and present user interaction models for this disclosure assistance. | |||
| A Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Model for Selecting the Distribution Center Location in China: A Taiwanese Manufacturer's Perspective | | BIBA | Full-Text | 140-148 | |
| Chien-Chang Chou; Pei-Chann Chang | |||
| The purpose of this paper is to propose a fuzzy multiple criteria decision making model for evaluating the distribution center alternative locations in China and selecting the best one for investing distribution center from a Taiwanese manufacturer's perspective. Although a lot of papers focus on the subject of location selection, few discuss the subject of distribution center location selection in China. Thus this paper summarizes the criteria for evaluating the candidate distribution center locations, and then develops a fuzzy multiple criteria decision making model. Finally, the proposed fuzzy multiple criteria decision making model is tested by a Taiwanese manufacturer's case. The results show that the fuzzy multiple criteria decision making model can be used to explain the procedures for distribution center location selection decision making. | |||
| A Hierarchical Data Dissemination Protocol Using Probability-Based Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 149-158 | |
| Moonseong Kim; Matt W. Mutka; Hyunseung Choo | |||
| A major challenge for designing a dissemination protocol for Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs) is energy efficiency. Recently, researchers have studied this
issue, and SPMS, a representative protocol, outperforms the well-known protocol
SPIN. One of the characteristics of SPMS uses the shortest path to minimize
energy consumption. However, since it repeatedly uses the same shortest path,
maximizing network lifetime is impossible, although it reduces the energy
consumption. In this paper, we propose a Hierarchical data dissemination
protocol using Probability-based clustering, called HiProc. It guarantees
energy-efficient data transmission and maximizes network lifetime. HiProc
solves the network lifetime problem by a novel probability function, which is
related to the residual energy and the distance to a neighbor. The simulation
results show that HiProc guarantees energy-efficient transmission and moreover
increases the network lifetime by approximately 78% than that of SPMS. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); Data Dissemination Protocol; Energy
Efficiency; Network Lifetime; SPIN; SPMS | |||
| An OWL-Based Knowledge Model for Combined-Process-and-Location Aware Service | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 159-167 | |
| Gunhee Kim; Manchul Han; Jukyung Park; Hyunchul Park; Se Hyung Park; Laehyun Kim; Sungdo Ha | |||
| This paper presents a knowledge model for spatiotemporal context awareness.
The knowledge model is designed to understand user goals and to guide users who
perform complicated tasks involving several routes, such as tasks at a
hospital. An information system should be able to consider both the location
and process context to provide relevant guidance regarding tasks, their
location, and their process, as location and process information are
collaboratively associated. A service that is both process- and location-aware
is considered, and a knowledge model that represents the semantics of the
proposed process- and- location-aware service is given. Keywords: spatiotemporal context; process; location; knowledge model; OWL (Web
Ontology Language) | |||
| Human-Biometric Sensor Interaction: Impact of Training on Biometric System and User Performance | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 168-177 | |
| Eric P. Kukula; Robert W. Proctor | |||
| Increasingly sophisticated biometric methods are being used for a variety of
applications in which accurate authentication of people is necessary. Because
all biometric methods require humans to interact with a device of some type,
effective implementation requires consideration of human factors issues. One
such issue is the training needed to use a particular device appropriately. In
this paper, we review human factors issues in general that are associated with
biometric devices and focus more specifically on the role of training. Keywords: biometrics; human-biometric sensor interaction (HBSI); human performance;
instruction; training | |||
| Representing Logical Inference Steps with Digital Circuits | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 178-184 | |
| Erika Matsak | |||
| The use of inference steps in natural language reasoning is observed. An
algorithm is presented for representing logically correct inference steps with
digital circuits. New foundations for creating decision making systems are
studied. Keywords: Logical inference steps; logic gates; digital circuits representing logical
inference steps | |||
| An Interactive-Content Technique Based Approach to Generating Personalized Advertisement for Privacy Protection | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 185-191 | |
| Wook-Hee Min; Yun-Gyung Cheong | |||
| Personalized contents have been getting more attention from industry and
academia due to its effective communicative role in product advertisements.
However, there exist potential threats to the customer's privacy in
conventional approaches where a data server containing customer profiles is
employed or the customer profiles is required to be sent over the public
network. To address this, this paper describes a framework that employs a
script-based interactive content technique for privacy protection. We
illustrate our approach by a sample scenario. Keywords: Privacy; Interactive content; Personalized advertising | |||
| Loopo: Integrated Text Miner for FACT-Graph-Based Trend Analysis | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 192-200 | |
| Ryosuke Saga; Hiroshi Tsuji; Kuniaki Tabata | |||
| This paper proposes an integrated tool to analyze trend visualization graph
called "FACT-Graph". FACT-Graph is generated from text data with time stamp and
is useful for trend analysis. However, it faces three key problems: First, it
is difficult to configure parameters (such as analysis span, exceptive keywords
and thresholds) to generate FACT-Graph; Second, a FACT-Graph does not provide
the required information and interface for trend analysis because the process
of generating the FACT-Graph eliminates that information; and third, it cannot
reflect a user's awareness in a FACT-Graph. In order to solve these problems,
the authors have developed a tool called "Loopo". Loopo integrates a term
database, analysis components, and a graph-drawing function and provides users
(i.e., analyzers) with information for trend analysis. Loopo also provides an
interactive GUI for configuring parameters at ease and to reflect a user's
awareness in a FACT-Graph instantly. Keywords: Keyword Visualization; Trend Analysis; Co-occurrence graph; Analysis Tool | |||
| Using Graphical Models for an Intelligent Mixed-Initiative Dialog Management System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 201-209 | |
| Stefan Schwärzler; Günther Ruske; Frank Wallhoff; Gerhard Rigoll | |||
| The main goal of dialog management is to provide all information needed to
perform e. g. a SQL-query, a navigation task, etc. Two principal approaches for
dialog management systems exist: system directed ones and mixed-initiative
ones. In this paper, we combine both approaches mentioned above in a novel way,
and address the problem of natural intuitive dialog management. The objective
of our approach is to provide a natural dialog flow. The whole dialog is
therefore represented in a finite state machine: the information gathered
during the dialog is represented in the states of the finite state machine; the
transitions within the state machine denote the dialog steps into which the
dialog is separated. The information is obtained from each natural spoken
sentence by hierarchical decoding into tags, e. g. the name-tag and the
address-tag. These information tags are gathered during the dialog; either by
human initiative or by distinct questioning by the dialog manager. The models
use information from the semantic information tags, the dialog history, and the
training corpus. From all these integrated parts we achieve the best path to
the end of the dialog by Viterbi decoding through the transition network after
each information step. From the Air Travel Information System (ATIS) database,
we extract all 21650 naturally spoken questions and the SQL-queries as answers
for the trainings phase. The experiments have been realized on 200
automatically generated dialog sentences. The system obtains the semantic
information in all test-sentences and leads the dialogs successfully to the
end. In 66.5% of the sample dialogs we achieve the minimum of the required
dialog steps. Hence, 33.5% of the dialogs have over-length. Keywords: dialog management; learning; knowledge management; intelligent systems | |||
| Input Text Repairing for Multi-lingual Chat System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 210-217 | |
| Kenichi Yoshida; Fumio Hattori | |||
| Even though various communication tools have resulted in a remarkable
increase of global communications, language barriers remain high and complicate
communication across languages. Although the multi-lingual chat system allows
users to chat with each other in different language using machine translation.
the quality of translation is not so high when the input sentence reflects
spoken language. In this paper we propose a method that repairs the input
sentences in spoken language by retrieving similar sentences using keywords. Keywords: Language Grid; multi-lingual chat; cross-cultural communication; machine
translation | |||
| Interactive Object Segmentation System from a Video Sequence | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 221-228 | |
| Guntae Bae; Soo Yeong Kwak; Hyeran Byun | |||
| In this paper, we present an interactive object segmentation system form
video, such as TV products and films, for converting 2D to 3D contents. It is
focused on reducing the processing time for the object segmentation, increasing
the usability. The proposed system is consist of three steps which are trimap
generation based on polygon and object segmentation using Graph Cut algorithm
and refinement by a user interfaces (UI) based on rectangle and local features.
It makes it easy to get object segmentation rapidly. It is also helpful to
create 3D contents. Keywords: Object Segmentation; interactive System; trimap generation; trimap
estimation; Graph Cut | |||
| COBRA -- A Visualization Solution to Monitor and Analyze Consumer Generated Medias | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 229-238 | |
| Amit Behal; Julia Grace; Linda Kato; Ying Chen; Shixia Liu; Weijia Cai; Weihong Qian | |||
| Consumer Generated Medias (CGMs) -- such as blogs, news forums, message
boards, and web pages -- are emerging as locations where consumers trade,
discuss and influence each other's purchasing patterns. Leveraging such CGMs to
provide valuable insight into consumer opinions and trends is becoming
increasingly attractive to corporations. This paper describes COBRA (COrporate
Brand and Reputation Analysis), a visual analytics solution that surfaces the
text mining and statistical analysis capabilities described in our earlier
COBRA papers. Our interaction technique of search, visualization, and monitor
enables detailed analysis of many CGMs without overwhelming the user. A suite
of visualization solutions expose a variety of embedded COBRA visual analytics
capabilities. Real world client engagements and user studies demonstrate the
effectiveness of our approach. Keywords: visual analytics; text mining; semi structured search | |||
| Visual String of Reformulation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 239-248 | |
| Arne Berger; Jens Kürsten; Maximilian Eibl | |||
| An interface for query reformulation based on multimedial search widgets is
proposed. It allows the co-existence of widgets for unambiguous intellectual
metadata and vague, automatically annotated metadata. Keywords: customization; interface; multimodal; query reformulation | |||
| Industrial E-Commerce and Visualization of Products: 3D Rotation versus 2D Metamorphosis | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 249-258 | |
| Francisco V. Cipolla Ficarra; Miguel Cipolla-Ficarra; Daniel Alberto Giulianelli | |||
| In this current work we make a study of communicability in industrial
websites designed for the on-line sale of products, bearing in mind two kinds
of 3D rotational animations, and 2D transformations. A table will be presented
for the assessment of the communicability of the objects within e-commerce, in
particular those which use mobile phones and the Internet. Also presented will
be guidelines for qualitative design that may be employed without the need for
a usability lab. The universe of study consists of 20 websites, randomly chosen
from a total of 200. The contents of these websites is related to electronics,
mechanics and renewable energy. Keywords: Visualization; Rotation; Metamorphosis; Computer Animation; Communicability;
User-Centered Design; Quality; E-commerce | |||
| Evaluating the Effectiveness and the Efficiency of a Vector Image Search Tool | | BIBA | Full-Text | 259-268 | |
| Patrizia Di Marco; Tania Di Mascio; Daniele Frigioni; Massimo Gastaldi | |||
| In this paper we develop VISTO (Vector Images Search TOol), along two directions: (1) we present a new interface for VISTO which is more sophisticated than the original one, since it has been developed having in mind the users and their retrieval requests; (2) we provide a much deeper evaluation of the effectiveness and the efficiency of VISTO in the specific domain of the Blissymbolic images. | |||
| Building and Browsing Tropos Models: The AVI Design | | BIBA | Full-Text | 269-276 | |
| Tania Di Mascio; Anna Perini; Luca Sabatucci; Angelo Susi | |||
| This paper proposes the use of the HCI paradigm and techniques to support software system designers in building and browsing visual models during the development of complex distributed systems. In particular, we adopt Usability Evaluation Methods (UEMs) to analyse the first version of the interface of TAOM4E, the tool supporting the Tropos Agent-Oriented methodology. Using the results of this usability study, we collect different requirements to design an Advanced Visual Interface (AVI) of TAOM4E taking into account requirements of supporting software designers during Tropos models design process browsing. | |||
| A Multiple-Aspects Visualization Tool for Exploring Social Networks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 277-286 | |
| Jie Gao; Kazuo Misue; Jiro Tanaka | |||
| Social network analysis (SNA) has been used to study the relationships
between actors in social networks, revealing their features and patterns. In
most cases, nodes and edges in graph theory are used to represent actors and
relationships, and graph representations are used to visually analyze social
networks. However, many visualization tools using network diagrams tend to
depict most information about social networks by using the properties of nodes,
which result in a visual burden when identifying actors or relationships
according to certain properties. There is a lack of tools to support work by
investigators to provide insights into multiple-aspect networks. We considered
actors, relationships, and communities to be three important elements, and
developed a tool called MixVis that integrates a tagcloud, network diagrams,
and a list to show the elements. Our tool allows users to explore social
networks from elements of interest, and acquire details through links with the
three different viewpoints. Keywords: Social network analysis; visualization; human interface | |||
| Multi-hierarchy Information Visualization Research Based on Three-Dimensional Display of Products System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 287-294 | |
| Hui Zhou; Wenjun Hou | |||
| Currently, the information on the Web is countless, which is throughout tens
of thousands of Web sites all over the world. And the Web site intertwined with
each other through hyperlinks between documents. Regardless of such a big scale
of the Web information, it will continue expanding. How to access to the
information on the Web easily has become a problem needed to be solved
urgently. However, the way of accessing to the information is far from
satisfactory. Information visualization will play an increasingly important
role in helping people understand the structure of the information space,
finding information needed quickly and preventing the lost in the information
ocean effectively. The paper used the Multi-hierarchy information visualization
on a specific e-commerce web site, and established a three-dimensional products
display system. According to the analysis of users on business web site, the
establishment of a representative user model was established. In accordance
with the user model, system function was analyzed and integrated, and task
analysis was hierarchical. Based on the user's demand, the paper confirmed the
content and the way of the showing. Finally the paper designed the system
according to the information structure, interaction and information
visualization. Keywords: user experience; Information architecture; visualization; mapping; Fuzzy
Comprehensive Evaluation Method | |||
| Efficient Annotation Visualization Using Distinctive Features | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 295-303 | |
| Seok Kyoo Kim; Sung Hyun Moon; Jun Park; Sang Yong Han | |||
| Annotation is often used for supplement real objects in Augmented Reality.
Previous researches on the annotation have been focused on optimal label
placement, where annotations are placed close to the objects while avoiding
overlapping. However, optimally placed annotations are still hard to recognize
when the number of annotations is large. Human eyes may easily perceive an
object by seeing its distinctive features. In this paper, we proposed
visualization methods for easily perceivable annotations using distinctive
features. The proposed methods are based on studies of effects of colors,
depth, style, and transparency of the annotations. Keywords: Augmented Reality; Mixed Reality; Annotation; Usability; Human Factors;
Visualization; View Management | |||
| Content Based Image Retrieval Using Adaptive Inverse Pyramid Representation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 304-314 | |
| Mariofanna G. Milanova; Roumen Kountchev; Stuart Harvey Rubin; Vladimir Todorov; Roumiana Kountcheva | |||
| This paper presents a new approach for content-based image retrieval using
cognitive representation with pyramidal decomposition. This approach
corresponds to the hypothesis of the human way for object recognition based on
consecutive approximations with increased resolution for the selected regions
of interest. The method is based on object model creation with Inverse
Difference Pyramid controlled by neural network. The method's basic advantages
are the high flexibility and the ability to create general models for various
views and scaling with relatively low computational complexity. The method is
suitable for great number of applications -- medicine, digital libraries,
electronic galleries, geographic information systems, documents archiving,
digital communication systems, etc. Keywords: content-based image retrieval; multi-layer representation; IDP decomposition | |||
| Event Extraction and Visualization for Obtaining Personal Experiences from Blogs | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 315-324 | |
| Yoko Nishihara; Keita Sato; Wataru Sunayama | |||
| Internet users write blogs related to their personal experience, daily news,
and so on. Though we can obtain blogs about personal experience using search
engines on the Web, the search engines also output blogs about other topics
unrelated to personal experiences. Therefore, we need to take too much time to
read all blogs for obtaining those about personal experiences. This paper
proposes a support system for obtaining blogs about personal experience
efficiently. The system extracts three keywords that denote place, object, and
action from a blog. The three keywords describe an event that leads a person to
write a blog about personal experience. The system expresses the event with
three pictures related to the extracted keywords. The pictures help users to
judge whether personal experiences are written in the blog or not. We
experimented with the system, and verified that it supports users to obtain
personal experiences efficiently. Keywords: personal experience; pictures expressing an event; place keyword; object
keyword; action keyword | |||
| Minato: Integrated Visualization Environment for Embedded Systems Learning | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 325-333 | |
| Yosuke Nishino; Eiichi Hayakawa | |||
| This paper describes the modeling, the development and the evaluation of
embedded system study environment using robot and a note on experiment at
technical high school. This paper discusses about the following points: (1)
visualizing the behavior of embedded system in synchronization with the robot's
behavior, (2) integrating environment from concept based learning to
implementation based learning, and (3) validating the efficiency of the system
through the lecture and the evaluation at technical high school. This report is
a summary of this environment, learning courseware of embedded system and
research result at study of a technical high school. Keywords: Educations; Robot; Programming | |||
| Batik KR Semantic Network: Visualizations of Creative Process and Design Knowledge for the Malaysian Batik Designers' Community | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 334-341 | |
| Ariza Nordin; Nor Laila Md. Noor; Ahmad Zainuddin | |||
| Designing batik, a decorative textile is guided by insights acquired from
the confluence of design and heritage knowledge accompanied by cultural and
aesthetic constraints, resulting in the preservation of the designer's and
regional identity embedded in the design artifact. Insights and inspiration are
gained from stories, non-textual references of images and photographs from
repositories of knowledge such as books and the Web, objects of nature,
environmental phenomena, fashion trend and human events. In addition evaluating
existing products may lead to the possibility of inspired innovation or
repetition of successful design solutions. With surplus on inspirational data
available today, batik designers requires knowledge visualization to gain
insights for designing task. Reporting a qualitative approach, this paper
described our findings as the Batik Knowledge Repository (KR) semantic network
to enable knowledge visualization of creative process (task) and design
(domain) knowledge for batik textile designers' community. Keywords: aesthetic; design knowledge; semantic network; storytelling; creative
process | |||
| A Tool for Analyzing Categorical Data Visually with Granular Representation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 342-351 | |
| Kousuke Shiraishi; Kazuo Misue; Jiro Tanaka | |||
| Categorical data appears in various places, and dealing with it has been a
major concern in analysis fields. However, representing not only global trends
but also local trends of data simultaneously by conventional techniques is
difficult. We propose a visualization method called "granular representation"
for analyzing categorical data visually. Our approach visually represents data
as a set of objects and allows intuitive analysis instead of the traditional
way with tables of numbers. We developed a tool by integrating granular
representation and bar charts. The effectiveness of the tool is demonstrated
using real data about media consumption. Keywords: categorical data; visualization; multi-dimensional analysis | |||
| Understanding Key Attributes in Mobile Service: Kano Model Approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 355-364 | |
| Seung Ik Baek; Seung Kuk Paik; Weon Sang Yoo | |||
| This study investigated how customers perceive currently available 3G mobile
services. More specifically, by using the Kano model, it tried to categorize
them into five quality attributes: Attractive, One-Dimensional, Must-Be,
Indifferent, and Reverse. The results showed that picture messaging, instant
messaging, navigational aid, and mobile internet are considered as
"one-dimensional quality attributes". That is, the higher the level of
fulfillment of these mobile services, the higher the customer's satisfaction,
and vice versa. Keywords: Multimedia Mobile Service; 3G Technology; Kano Model | |||
| Discovering User Interface Requirements of Search Results for Mobile Clients by Contextual Inquiry | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 365-374 | |
| David L. Chan; Robert W. P. Luk; Hong Va Leong; Edward Kei Shiu Ho | |||
| This paper reports our in situ study using contextual inquiry (CI). It
solicits user requirements of hierarchically organized search results for
mobile access. In our experiment, search activities of our subjects are
recorded in the video, and the interviewer solicits the interface requirements,
during and after the experiment. An affinity diagram is built as a summary of
our findings in the experiment, and the major issues are discussed in this
paper. The search behavior of our subjects is summarized into a flow chart. In
this study, we report mobile interface features that are desired by our users
in addition to those found in an earlier survey. Keywords: Hierarchical access; mobile search; interface design | |||
| Evaluation of Pointing Efficiency on Small Screen Touch User Interfaces | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 375-384 | |
| Ryosuke Fujioka; Takayuki Akiba; Hidehiko Okada | |||
| Researchers have been investigating screen designs for small screen touch
user interfaces (UIs), but further research is still required for
smaller-screen devices including current smart phones. This paper reports on
our evaluation of pointing efficiency on devices with touch-by-stylus small
screen UIs. User performances were measured by experiments with three devices:
a mobile phone, a PDA and a tablet PC. The size of pointing targets was
designed so that the target index of difficulty (ID) by Fitts' law ranged in a
consistent interval among the three devices. Users' pointing speed and accuracy
were compared in terms of throughput and error rate respectively. It is found
that the throughput and the error rate for the mobile phone were significantly
smaller than those for the PDA and the tablet PC. It is also found that the
error rate was not significantly larger in the case where users performed tasks
with the mobile phone held by their hands than in the case where they did with
the mobile phone put on desktop, although it was in the case of the PDA. Keywords: usability; touch user interface; small screen; throughput; error rate;
Fitts' law | |||
| An Integrated Approach towards the Homogeneous Provision of Geographically Dispersed Info-Mobility Services to Mobile Users | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 385-394 | |
| Dimitrios Giakoumis; Dimitrios Tzovaras; Dionisis Kehagias; Evangelos Bekiaris; George Hassapis | |||
| In this paper we introduce a mechanism enabling applications to present
information retrieved from different services, thus delivered with different
structure, in a homogeneous and seamless fashion. This mechanism was an outcome
of the research that took place within the European Integrated Project ASK-IT.
The project developed an ambient intelligence framework which supports mobility
impaired people on the move to access context-sensitive information dependant
on user geographic location and the use case under consideration. The
information derives from geographically dispersed web services and is rendered
on mobile devices. The ASK-IT framework enables the presentation of information
that covers a wide variety of domains which belong to the info-mobility scope
(Points of Interest, Route Guidance etc.). Our approach deals with the
integration of information-providing services, in order to facilitate the
homogeneity of the final presentation of the content, through the end-user
application. Keywords: Info-Mobility Services; Service Integration; Information provision; Web
Services; Ontologies | |||
| Legible Character Size on Mobile Terminal Screens: Estimation Using Pinch-in/Out on the iPod Touch Panel | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 395-402 | |
| Satoshi Hasegawa; Masako Omori; Tomoyuki Watanabe; Shohei Matsunuma; Masaru Miyao | |||
| Using a multi-touch display on an iPod touch mobile multimedia player, an
evaluation experiment was conducted to determine the most legible size for
characters displayed on screens of mobile terminals. Subjects enlarged the
characters by pinch-out (pinch opening) and/or reduced them by pinch-in (pinch
closing) on a multi-touch display with more than one finger, and adjusted to
the sizes of alphanumeric or Japanese characters to be the most legible. The
characters were displayed positively (black characters on a white background)
or negatively (white characters on a black background) using graphic text on
the iPod touch. The adjusted sizes of characters and viewing distances were
measured and visual angles were calculated. The influence of the positive or
negative image display mode and the age of subjects on these legibility
parameters is described. Keywords: Readability; Visibility; Small Display; Character; Aging Effects | |||
| Location-Based Mixed-Map Application Development for Mobile Devices | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 403-412 | |
| Hyo-Haeng Lee; Kil-Ram Ha; Kwang-Seok Hong | |||
| This study proposes a Mixed-Map based on a mobile device. The proposed
mobile Mixed-Map is designed to download 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional data
provided by Google maps and Yahoo maps. It then controls the map data
independently. A variety of applications can be implemented. Transferring
geographical data from a web geographical information system can improve
efficiency by reducing response time. It adopts a tile cache method to provide
continuous service when a wireless internet cannot be connected. As an example
of the proposed system, we implemented a real-time location tracking system
application between mobile devices that obtains current location and GPS
information in real-time using GPS. The Mixed-Map can be easily applied to
different technologies as the application does not simply rely on API in the
ubiquitous environment. The study develops and suggests basic technologies
necessary for a ubiquitous geographic information system. Keywords: Mixed-Map; Mobile; GPS; Map | |||
| A Comparison of Artifact Reduction Methods for Real-Time Analysis of fNIRS Data | | BIBA | Full-Text | 413-422 | |
| Takayuki Nozawa; Toshiyuki Kondo | |||
| Due to its convenient, low physical restraint, and electric noise tolerant features, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is expected to be a useful tool in monitoring users' brain activity in HCI. However, fNIRS measurement suffers from various kinds of artifacts, and no standardized method for artifact reduction has been established so far. In this study, we compared high-pass/band-pass filtering, global and local average references, independent component analysis (ICA) based method, and their combinations. Their effectiveness for artifact reduction was evaluated by a cognitive task recognition experiment. The results showed all the methods have artifact reduction capability, but their effectiveness depends on subjects and tasks. This suggests that it can be more practical to try various artifact reduction methods and chose the best one for each task and subject, instead of pursuing a single standardized method. | |||
| Investigation on Relation between Index of Difficulty in Fitts' Law and Device Screen Sizes | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 423-429 | |
| Hidehiko Okada; Takayuki Akiba; Ryosuke Fujioka | |||
| It is well-known as Fitts' law that the time for a user to point a target on
a GUI screen can be modeled as a linear function of "index of difficulty (ID)".
The authors investigate whether the ID formulation is appropriate independently
of device screen sizes. Result of our experiment revealed that the ID
formulation may not consistently capture actual difficulty: users' pointing
performances were not consistent among pointing target variations of which
index of difficulty are consistent. The term A/W may not be appropriate because
the term causes the observed inconsistency. Keywords: usability; Fitts' law; touch user interface; small screen; smart phone;
throughput; error rate | |||
| Influence of Vertical Length of Characters on Readability in Mobile Phones | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 430-438 | |
| Masako Omori; Satoshi Hasegawa; Tomoyuki Watanabe; Shohei Matsunuma; Masaru Miyao | |||
| The visibility of Japanese characters on the liquid crystal displays in
mobile phones was studied by measurements of reading time and visual distance,
and subjective evaluations. Graphic text was used to prepare various samples
with various character heights of 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2 and 2.25 times greater
than the width of the characters. The vertical length of the characters had a
significant effect on the parameters of reading speed and subjective evaluation
of legibility. Characters with a height of between 1.5 and 2 times greater than
the width showed the highest visibility in this experiment. Keywords: readability; character size; cataract cloudiness; mobile phone e-mail and
graphical characters | |||
| Intelligent Photo Management System Enhancing Browsing Experience | | BIBA | Full-Text | 439-447 | |
| Yuki Orii; Takayuki Nozawa; Toshiyuki Kondo | |||
| We developed a web-based intelligent photo management system which enables automatic clustering of unstructured personal digital photo collections. We conducted a user study to assess the usability of the developed photo management system (automatic photo classifier, APC) compared with ones with limited functions. The user task adopted here was finding some of target photographs indicated by an experimenter from the subject's personal or somebody else's photo collections. The results show that APC is better in the case of the personal photographs while it does not have a significant advantage for somebody else's photo collections. It was suggested that the look-and-feel of a photo management system should be considered according to whether the photographs had been taken by the user him/herself or not. | |||
| Freeze TCPv2: An Enhancement of Freeze TCP for Efficient Handoff in Heterogeneous Networks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 448-457 | |
| Minu Park; Jaehyung Lee; Jahwan Koo; Hyunseung Choo | |||
| The advancement of mobile communications for the last few years has
accompanied an increasingly extensive and diverse array of environments for TCP
applications, which has led to a host of wireless TCP approaches that may
provide more stability and ensure higher performance. In a heterogeneous
network, as opposed to conventional wireless networks, a mobile node performs a
handoff to another network cells with a different bandwidth and latency.
Conventional wireless TCP schemes, however, are not capable of properly
addressing sudden changes in round trip time (RTT) and packet loss resulting
from handoffs within a heterogeneous network and do experience such problems as
the waste of available bandwidth and frequent packet loss. As a solution to
these problems, this paper proposes Freeze TCP version 2 (v2), an enhancement
of Freeze TCP designed to dynamically obtain the available bandwidth in a new
network cell. Comprehensive simulation study is conducted by using a network
simulator, ns-2, to compare the proposed scheme to a few other schemes, such as
Freeze TCP, DEMO-Vegas, and TCP Vegas, in a heterogeneous network environment
with vertical handoffs in terms of throughput per speed of the mobile node and
per bit error rate of the wireless link. Keywords: TCP; Congestion control; Heterogeneous Networks; Vertical Handoff | |||
| Expanding SNS Features with CE Devices: Space, Profile, Communication | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 458-467 | |
| Youngho Rhee; Hyunjoo Kang; Yeojin Kim; Juyeon Lee; IlKu Chang | |||
| A social network service (SNS) beginning in online increasingly penetrates
everyday life deeper and represents new business opportunity with expanded
network. Indeed, many SNSs are being served with mobile devices via broadband
network. However, there are enormous challenges that must be overcome to
provide seamless experience on these mobile devices because of context of use.
In the present paper, new definition of SNS is proposed with focus on CE
devices building on general features and definition. Accordingly the novel
concept and scenarios are presented to compensate users' needs and service
& business insights. Keywords: SNS (Social Network Service); Scenarios; CE devices; Context; Profile;
Space; Communication | |||
| Empirical Evaluation of Throwing Method to Move Object for Long Distance in 3D Information Space on Mobile Device | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 468-475 | |
| Yu Shibuya; Keiichiro Nagatomo; Kazuyoshi Murata; Itaru Kuramoto; Yoshihiro Tsujino | |||
| In our previous work, a throwing method to move an object for long distance
in 3D information space on a mobile device was proposed. With the method, as we
throw the object to move it far away in the real world, we can throw the
virtual object in 3D information space. This simple throwing method was
improved by adding following three functions. They were real time adjusting the
direction of moving object, moving viewpoint to follow the thrown object, and
initializing viewpoint after the movement. The purpose of this paper is to
examine the performance of the improved throwing method to move the object for
long distance in 3D information space. From the experiment, it is found that
the improved throwing method is efficient to move the object for long distance
in 3D information space on mobile devices. Keywords: mobile interaction; 3D information space; throwing method; human computer
interaction | |||
| Usefulness of Mobile Information Provision Systems Using Graphic Text -Visibility of Graphic Text on Mobile Phones | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 476-485 | |
| Tomoyuki Watanabe; Masako Omori; Satoshi Hasegawa; Shohei Matsunuma; Masaru Miyao | |||
| Textual information can be sent as graphic images without being coded in the
broadband digital network. By using graphic text, characters or symbols with
unsupported fonts can be displayed. Graphical e-mail systems in mobile phones
for sending digital photographs are useful in sending graphic text. We
researched the visibility of graphic text on the liquid crystal displays in
mobile phones comparing with that of font in the mobile phones, by measuring
the variables of reading time and visual distance. We also recorded the number
of errors, and subjects evaluated the visibility. Graphic text prepared in the
JPEG format had nearly the same visibility of the original font. However, it
must be noted that visibility deteriorates as the character size become
smaller, and as the user become older. We also mention about the possibility of
multilingual disaster information system with mobile phones as an application
of the graphic text. Graphic text enables easy display of multilingual
information by ordinary types of mobile phones which does not support
multilingual characters. Keywords: graphical character; digital photo e-mail; size of character; disaster
information; multilingual text | |||
| The Importance of Information in the Process of Acquisition and Usage of a Medicine for Patient Safety: A Study of the Brazilian Context | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 489-496 | |
| Patricia Lopes Fujita; Carla Galvão Spinillo | |||
| Considering the importance of oral and visual information on acquisition and
use of medication, this paper discusses the outcomes of an analytical study on
the cognitive load in performing the task "take a medicine" during a health
treatment process (acquisition, usage and disposal of medicine) in Brazil. The
task was described in a flowchart according to the steps/actions, decision
points and expected outcomes to a successful performance. This allowed finding
out the task informational structure during the process of taking a medicine.
Then, the cognitive activities in each moment of the process were identified.
The outcomes indicate the highest cognitive load occurs in the acquisition of
information by patients during a health treatment process, what would affect
task performance. The findings ratify the relevance of information on the
process of acquisition and usage of medicines by Brazilian patients. Keywords: Medicines; information; task analysis | |||
| A Proposal of Collection and Analysis System of Near Miss Incident in Nursing Duties | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 497-502 | |
| Akihisa Furukawa; Yusaku Okada | |||
| In this study, we proposed collection and analysis system of near miss
incident (CASN) as a support tool of safe activity at the medical institutions.
CASN is consists of supporting software and reference list which helps risk
managers who don't have special knowledge and skill do factor analysis easily
and nurses write good reports for analysis. CASN accumulates the data of PSF of
near miss incidents and gives the tendency of PSF at each post and analyzer. As
a result, diverse factors are found by the analysis of the risk managers and we
expect the diversity promotes the growth of the risk managers. Keywords: Human error; Accident prevention; Knowledge management | |||
| Effects of Information Displays for Hyperlipidemia | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 503-512 | |
| Yang Gong; Jiajie Zhang | |||
| How information is distributed between internal and external representations
significantly affects information search performance. For a distributed
information search task, data representation and cognitive distribution jointly
affect the user search performance in terms of response time and accuracy.
Guided by UFuRT (User, Function, Representation, Task), a human-centered
framework, we propose a search model and task taxonomy. The model defines its
application in the context of healthcare setting. The taxonomy clarifies the
legitimate operations for each type of search task of relation data. We then
developed experimental prototypes of hyperlipidemia data displays. Based on the
displays, we tested the search tasks performance through two experiments. The
experiments are of a within-subject design with a sample of 24 participants.
The results in general support our hypotheses and validate the prediction of
the model and task taxonomy. Keywords: Relational Data Display; Taxonomy; Hyperlipidemia | |||
| Clinical Usefulness of Human-Computer Interface for Training Targeted Facial Expression: Application to Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 513-521 | |
| Kyoko Ito; Ai Takami; Shumpei Hanibuchi; Shogo Nishida; Masakazu Yagi; Setsuko Uematsu; Naoko Sigenaga; Kenji Takada | |||
| This study is toward introducing a treatment modality into clinical practice
to manage facial expression. In particular, it focused on facial expression
training, which has recently attracted attention. Facial expression training
teaches the patient to move the facial muscles on his or her own initiative.
The experiment was for patients with cleft lip and/or palate and the intent was
to introduce facial expression training into clinical practice in order to
determine the possibility of using the support interface. The study was planned
and conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1 results demonstrated the possibility of
introducing facial expression training using the method proposed in this study.
In the future, by analyzing the results of the Phase 2 experiment, the
usefulness of the support interface for facial expression training proposed in
this study will be further examined. Keywords: Clinical Usefulness; Facial Expression Training; Cleft Lip and/or Palate;
Interface; Medical Practice | |||
| The Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Package Designs for the Elderly People | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 522-528 | |
| Akira Izumiya; Michiko Ohkura; Fumito Tsuchiya | |||
| In recent years, many medical accidents have been caused by the confusing
designs of pharmaceutical packages and displays. For osteoporosis treatment, a
common disorder of elderly females, improving display visibility and
operability is especially important. However, since the osteoporosis drugs to
be taken once a week are sold in various package designs, differences of
viewability, understandability, and operability must be clarified from the
differences of package design. We performed experiments as follows. Keywords: drug labels; drug of osteoporosis; medical accident; package design | |||
| Implications for Developing Information System on Nursing Administration -- Case Study on Nurse Scheduling System -- | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 529-538 | |
| Mitsuhiko Karashima; Naotake Hirasawa | |||
| This research was focused on the nurse scheduling system as the supporting
system for the nursing administration. In this research as a case study, the
nurse scheduling system was developed by applying the human centered design
process. The head nurses claimed that it was a higher workload for them to
rearrange the imperfect roster of the first automated scheduling system than to
make the roster from the beginning because the mathematical solution for the
system cannot always propose the roster which has no violation. The nurse
required the scheduling support system which supported her heuristic scheduling
instead of the automated system. The nurse scheduling support system was
developed and the other nurses were more satisfied with the system than with
the conventional popular automated scheduling system. From the results of this
research, the approach of the development of the supporting system for
administration was discussed. Keywords: nurse scheduling; human centered design; usability; administration system | |||
| Analysis on Descriptions of Dosage Regimens in Package Inserts of Medicines | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 539-548 | |
| Masaomi Kimura; Kazuhiro Okada; Keita Nabeta; Michiko Ohkura; Fumito Tsuchiya | |||
| To prevent medical accidents caused by mix-up, the confirmation of usage
should be the key to determining error. If a computerized order entry system
for medicines shows information concerning therapeutic indications to doctors,
they can subsequently avoid mix-ups of medicines such as the case in question.
To investigate data which can be utilized for a database in such an entry
system, we study the description patterns of the sentences in the dosage
regimen portion of the SGML formatted package inserts data via a method based
on the text mining technique. Based on this result, we also propose the data
structure of dosage regimen information, which will be the basis of a drug
information database to ensure safe usage. Keywords: medical safety; text mining; data structure | |||
| Non-intrusive Human Behavior Monitoring Sensor for Health Care System | | BIBA | Full-Text | 549-558 | |
| Noriyuki Kushiro; Makoto Katsukura; Masanori Nakata; Yoshiaki Ito | |||
| This paper presents a non-intrusive human behavior-monitoring sensor for health care system, especially for elderly person. The sensor detects operation of appliances with thorn like peak of electrical current generated by their working, and identifies patterns of daily residents' behavior based on the correlation of operating appliances. The sensor reduces the system cost by avoiding installation of massive sensors and keeps residents' privacy without intrusion of their private space. The human behavior-monitoring sensor is implemented by utilizing an algorithm with a wavelet transform method and is installed in five real residences for a couple of weeks. Accuracy of detecting operations of appliances and identifying life patterns are estimated through the field test. | |||
| Impact of Healthcare Information Technology Systems on Patient Safety | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 559-565 | |
| Byung Cheol Lee; Vincent G. Duffy | |||
| Even though healthcare information systems have been introduced as a viable
solution for reducing adverse drug events or medical errors, the current
adoption rate is low and impact of system on patient safety and quality of care
is not established well. To solve this problem, a new research framework with
interdisciplinary approaches is suggested. The framework is based on two major
characteristics of a healthcare IT system: effectiveness and efficiency. The
former connects to patient safety and quality of care, and the latter is
related with resources and design of the system. The framework is mainly
grounded in human factors engineering, and includes psychology, systems and
safety engineering, and an information systems approach. Keywords: Healthcare information system; Patient safety; Interdisciplinary approach;
Healthcare Research framework | |||
| Patient Standardization Identification as a Healthcare Issue | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 566-575 | |
| Mario Macedo; Pedro T. Isaías | |||
| Healthcare organizations use information systems with several different
types of data and user interfaces. The lack of standardization means loss of
efficiency and effectiveness. It limits the expected quality of Healthcare
services. Some difficulties for this standardization are known. However there
are models that can respond to the complexity of this area of science and
evolve with the development of knowledge. A problem which is common to several
organizations is the lack of automatic identification of patients. Another one
is how to solve the problem of having information duplicated in different
databases.
The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of the standardization of clinical data and the development of unique models of identification that will enable setting unique access keys and the interconnection between all the clinical data. The empowerment of systems that support clinical decision and the use of workflows for treatment plans that involve more than an organization of Healthcare will only be possible if they use standard models, open technologies and unique patient identification. Keywords: HER; Medical Guidelines; Healthcare Plan Workflow | |||
| A Proposal of a Method to Extract Active Ingredient Names from Package Inserts | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 576-585 | |
| Keita Nabeta; Masaomi Kimura; Michiko Ohkura; Fumito Tsuchiya | |||
| Recently, medical accidents caused by drugs have attracted attention in
Japan. To prevent this from affecting medical experts, it is effective to
improve the 'safety of drug usage' via information systems. Although package
insert information in SGML format is provided by PMDA, it is not easy to
utilize this information for such systems because they lack a suitable
structure to provide direct access to the required information. In this study,
we propose certain methods to extract the active ingredient name from such
unstructured SGML data. Keywords: Medical safety; Package inserts; Keyword extraction; Edit distance | |||
| Examination of Evaluation Method for Appearance Similarity of PTP Sheets | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 586-593 | |
| Yoshitaka Ootsuki; Akira Izumiya; Michiko Ohkura; Fumito Tsuchiya | |||
| In recent years, many accidents concerned with medicine have been caused by
the confusing design of pharmaceutical packages and displays. We concentrate on
the appearance similarity of PTP sheets, which are most commonly used for
wrapping tablets in Japan, to clarify the factors and the degrees of their
effects on appearance similarity. This paper describes our experiments that
examined evaluation methods of the appearance similarity of PTP sheets. Keywords: appearance similarity; evaluation method; medical accident; PTP sheet | |||
| Identifying Latent Similarities among Near-Miss Incident Records Using a Text-Mining Method and a Scenario-Based Approach | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 594-603 | |
| Tetsuo Sawaragi; Kouichi Ito; Yukio Horiguchi; Hiroaki Nakanishi | |||
| This research focuses on supporting an analyst's activity of interpreting
the contents of existing incident reports. During this activity, analysts are
always predicting expected scenarios of the incidents at hand in comparing that
with the actual development of the incidents reported therein. In order to
learn lessons from a particular prior experience, analysts should be aware of
the latent similarities among the incidents and should experience a breakdown
called "expectation-failure" to let that incident be surely printed in their
memory. To let the human analysts experience this breakdown, our system
introduces a theory of Memory Organization Packets (MOPs) as a framework for
explaining the dynamic memory structure of the human. By utilizing this idea as
a basis for scenario-based expectation of human analysts and by integrating
this idea with a text-mining method, a system for supporting an incident
analysis is developed for a domain of medical incidents. Results of the
experiments using our proposing system are presented, where the subjects are
nurses working for a hospital. Based on those results, effectiveness of the
system is discussed from various viewpoints by investigating into the protocols
gathered from the subjects of the experiments. Keywords: Text-mining; knowledge management for safety; learning by failure; knowledge
creation; semiosis | |||
| Patient Safety: Contributions from a Task Analysis Study on Medicine Usage by Brazilians | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 604-608 | |
| Carla Spinillo; Stephania Padovani; Cristine Lanzoni | |||
| Medicine misuse in Brazil is one of the most relevant health issues
affecting millions of people. This paper discusses the results of a study on
usage of five different medicines by 60 adult Brazilians. Problems in task
performance occurred with all medicines, especially those requiring measuring
doses and object manipulation. Deficiencies in the design of the medicine
inserts were also found. The outcomes enable to conclude that improvements in
the design of instructions for patients and of medicine inserts, as well as of
medicine bottles/containers are necessary to facilitate their use by
Brazilians. Keywords: Medicine usage; Medicine inserts; Task analysis; Brazil | |||
| Remote Consultation System Using Hierarchically Structured Agents | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 609-618 | |
| Hiroshi Yajima; Jun Sawamoto; Kazuo Matsuda | |||
| In fields of technological innovation the speed of advance is fast, and
while it is difficult for some people to keep up, there are few experts in new
technologies. Since consultation is focused on a small number of experts,
phenomena such as being unable to obtain sufficient information in a timely
manner occur, and are one of the major reasons for the increasing
social-technological divide. This paper proposes a 2-level hierarchical remote
consultation system using two types of agent. The system possesses the features
that through the responses to consultation made in advance by multiple agents,
experts can focus on only complex questions, and in addition, consultees'
waiting times are reduced. Its effectiveness is demonstrated experimentally. Keywords: remote consultation system; agent; remote communication; expert; TV
conferencing | |||
| How Mobile Interaction Motivates Students in a Class? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 621-631 | |
| Akinobu Ando; Kazunari Morimoto | |||
| The purpose of this study is to show a way that students can become more
active in the classroom. We tried to use a mobile phone as a teaching and
learning tool. A mobile phone is a familiar device to Japanese students. Most
of them have one and use it everyday. They write many e-mails, browse web
pages, take pictures and make calls. This study showed statistically how the
use of mobile phones as a teaching and learning tool affected motivation of
students. As the result, we found that students' communication-charge plan did
not affect the evaluation of this method. The most effective factors were "The
effect on checking attendance" and "Remembering what students learned at the
end of lecture". Thus, it is helps a teacher with two things -- this method
allows better use of lecture time by shortening attendance checking and
allowing students to write comments during the lecture on their mobile phones.
This saves time, as the teacher doesn't have to use lecture time for feedback.
So not only traditional paper and pencil should be regarded as a school tool,
but also a mobile phone. Keywords: mobile phone; motivational model; anonymity; picture and LMS (Learning
Management System) | |||
| Sensation Seeking, Self Forgetfulness, and Computer Game Enjoyment | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 632-641 | |
| Xiaowen Fang; Fan Zhao | |||
| This paper investigates the relationship between enjoyment of computer game
play and two personality traits (sensation seeking and self-forgetfulness).
Hypotheses were proposed based on a review of computer game enjoyment, game
characteristics, personality theories, and effects of computer game play. A
survey is conducted in two US universities. Results and implications are
discussed. Keywords: Sensation seeking; self forgetfulness; personality; computer game; enjoyment | |||
| Development of an Annotation-Based Classroom Activities Support Environment Using Digital Appliance, Mobile Device and PC | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 642-649 | |
| Yoshiaki Hada; Masanori Shinohara | |||
| An annotation-based classroom activities support environment with home
network technology is proposed. The environment includes digital appliances,
mobile devices, and PCs to facilitate a face-to-face class. The resulting
system enables the sharing and playing of learning contents among the teacher
and students in the class. The teacher and students can annotate the learning
contents without file operation to share. In addition, the system operates
devices on a network to support a class and has a user management feature. The
system design and the prototype under development are described. Keywords: ubiquitous learning; home networking; pen-based interface; blended
e-learning; face-to-face class | |||
| An Empirical Investigation on the Effectiveness of Virtual Learning Environment in Supporting Collaborative Learning: A System Design Perspective | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 650-659 | |
| Na Liu; Yingqin Zhong; John Lim | |||
| This study theoretically develops and empirically tests a model that
explains how virtual learning environment (VLE) characteristics can ultimately
influence learning effectiveness by directly affecting leaner's control over
the learning material and leaner's communication and interaction with peers and
instructor. The findings of the empirical study shows that system
accessibility, ease of navigation, system interactivity and system support
serve different roles in achieving effective learning outcomes. This study also
demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating different learning theories into
VLE design and how they would inform different perspective of learning. Keywords: Virtual learning environment (VLE); system characteristics; self-controlled
learning; communication-based learning | |||
| Personalization for Specific Users: Designing Decision Support Systems to Support Stimulating Learning Environments | | BIBA | Full-Text | 660-668 | |
| Laura Maruster; Niels R. Faber; Rob J. F. van Haren | |||
| Creating adaptive systems becomes increasingly attractive in the context of specific groups of users, such as agricultural users. This group of users seems to differ with respect to information processing, knowledge management and learning styles. In this work we aim to offer directions toward increasing decision support systems usability, by tailoring toward user learning styles. The results show that decision support systems need to be redesigned toward providing agricultural users with a more efficient time management and study environment, and facilitating group interaction. | |||
| Construction of Systematic Learning Support System of Business Theory and Method | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 669-678 | |
| Yoshiki Nakamura; Katsuhiro Sakamoto | |||
| Business administration and industrial engineering expect their students to
understand a lot of theories and technique and to be able to utilize their
acquired knowledge in the workplace after entering business. However, the
current educational system prevents these expectations from becoming a reality.
The purpose of this research is designed to develop an educational simulator
that teaches theories and methods and changes the effects and results generated
by business decisions according to the degree of understanding. To confirm the
validity, the developed simulator is tested against students to confirm its
efficiency. Keywords: Supply chain management; educational simulator; business theory and
technique; decision making | |||
| Learning by Design in a Digital World: Students' Attitudes towards a New Pedagogical Model for Online Academic Learning | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 679-688 | |
| Karen Precel; Yoram Eshet-Alkalai; Yael Alberton | |||
| Despite the fact that the blended learning model is considered today the
preferred model for online course design, there is still ambiguity regarding
its implementation in educational systems and regarding the optimal proportions
between online learning and F2F meetings in various learning scenarios. The
present research examined students' perceptions of pedagogical and design
issues of a fully-online course at the Open University of Israel, which offers
a new model for blended online learning. Fifty-eight of the course's students
completed a questionnaire regarding three major aspects of the course's design:
(1) pedagogy, (2) textbook format (print vs. digital) and (3) usability issues
in designing the course's learning environment. Results illustrate the
importance of a particular in-advance pedagogical and visual design of online
learning and the potential of the course's model in creating meaningful
learning, which takes into account the state-of-the-art knowledge on the major
pedagogical considerations in online learning. Keywords: online learning; blended-learning model; usability; pedagogical model | |||
| Promoting a Central Learning Management System by Encouraging Its Use for Other Purposes Than Teaching | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 689-698 | |
| Franz Reichl; Andreas Hruska | |||
| Vienna University of Technology's E-Learning Centre introduced Moodle in
2006 as the university's central learning management system. Custom interfaces
to existing IT infrastructure as well as modules developed and deployed
according to user's needs provide for a seamless digital workflow in the
university's teaching, learning and organisational processes. Encouraging the
use of the LMS as a multi-purpose tool to support all kinds of co-operation and
communication activities in addition to curricular teaching led to a rapid and
significant increase in user numbers and encouraged university teachers to deal
with educational questions and to develop innovative learning and teaching
solutions, based on the LMS. Keywords: e-learning; learning management systems; Moodle; learning communities;
communities of practice; collaborative work; business integration | |||
| Framework for Supporting Decision Making in Learning Management System Selection | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 699-707 | |
| Yuki Terawaki | |||
| When introducing computer systems as well as the e-Learning systems such as
Learning Management System (LMS), requirements analysis is very important. In
recent years, it has been noted that most of the people who introduce
e-Learning systems in Japan are non-professionals of information technology.
Generally, requirements analysis is well known for being very difficult for the
information technology professional, and even more difficult for the
non-professional. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for supporting
decision-making in Learning Management Systems selection for the
non-professional. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Quality Function
Deployment (QFD), this framework recommends a LMS based on the priority of
requirements. Keywords: Requirements Engineering; RE; decision making; Analytic Hierarchy Process;
AHP; Quality Function Deployment; QFD; Learning Management System; LMS | |||
| Statistics-Based Cognitive Human-Robot Interfaces for Board Games -- Let's Play! | | BIBA | Full-Text | 708-715 | |
| Frank Wallhoff; Alexander Bannat; Jürgen Gast; Tobias Rehrl; Moritz Dausinger; Gerhard Rigoll | |||
| The archetype of many novel research activities is called cognition.
Although separate definitions exist to define a technical cognitive system, it
is typically characterized by the (mental) process of knowing, including
aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. This especially
includes the question of how to deal with previously unknown events.
In order to further improve today's human-machine interfaces, which often suffer from deficient flexibilities, we present a cognitive human-robot interface using speech and vision. The advancements against regular rule-based approaches will become obvious by its new interaction strategies that will be explained in the use case of a board-game and a robot manipulator. The motivation behind the use of cognition for human-machine interfaces is to learn from and adapt to the user leading to an increased level of comfort. For our approach, it showed proof that it is effective to separate the entire process into three steps: the perception of external events, the cognition including understanding and the execution of an appropriate action. | |||
| The Design and Development of an Adaptive Web-Based Learning System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 716-725 | |
| Chian Wang | |||
| Currently, most web-based learning systems do not differentiate the content
materials presented to the various types of learners. Content adaptation is a
concept inspired by enabling dynamic presentation generation based on the
learner's preferences, e.g. knowledge level, gender, age, language, or past
visits. The goal of content adaption is to take the heterogeneous and changing
needs of the learners into account and thus to provide the most appropriate
contents and the best learning satisfaction. To handle content adaptation and
dynamic presentation generation, an XML-based content description mechanism
called ADAM is proposed in this paper. ADAM's goal is to enhance learning
effectiveness through providing the most appropriate materials under changing
learners' requirements and preferences while simplifying the process of
presentation composition. Keywords: content description; multimedia; web-based learning; XML | |||
| Human-System Interface (HSI) Challenges in Nuclear Power Plant Control Rooms | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 729-737 | |
| Jo-Ling Chang; Huafei Liao; Liang Zeng | |||
| This study uses factor analysis to examine 30 errors due to human-system
interface (HSI) in nuclear power plant control rooms. The results are used to
validate the factor structure and the Decision-Action Model developed in this
paper. Ten U.S. commercial operating nuclear plants, total of 18 units,
participated in this study at the time this paper was written. The result is a
five-factor structure: Operations Uncertainties, Design Improvements,
Misoperations, Equipment Control, and Human Factors Redesign. The completed
Decision-Action Model provides current operating plants with suggested
corrective actions for each type of potential HSI errors. Keywords: Human error; human-system interface; control room; human performance; factor
analysis; corrective action | |||
| The Impact of Automation Assisted Aircraft Separation on Situation Awareness | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 738-747 | |
| Arik-Quang V. Dao; Summer L. Brandt; Vernol Battiste; Kim-Phuong L. Vu; Thomas Z. Strybel; Walter W. Johnson | |||
| This study compared situation awareness across three flight deck decision
aiding modes. Pilots resolved air traffic conflicts using a click and drag
software tool. In the automated aiding condition, pilots executed all
resolutions generated by the automation. In the interactive condition,
automation suggested a maneuver, but pilots had the choice of accepting or
modifying the provided resolution. In the manual condition pilots generated
resolutions independently. A technique that combines both Situation Global
Assessment Technique and Situation Present Awareness Method was used to assess
situation awareness. Results showed that situation awareness was better in the
Manual and Interactive conditions when compared to the Automated condition. The
finding suggests that pilots are able to maintain greater situation awareness
when they are actively engaged in the conflict resolution process. Keywords: automation; conflict resolution; situation awareness; cockpit display of
traffic information; CDTI; cockpit situation display; CSD | |||
| Separation Assurance and Collision Avoidance Concepts for the Next Generation Air Transportation System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 748-757 | |
| John P. Dwyer; Steven J. Landry | |||
| A review was conducted of separation assurance and collision avoidance
operational concepts for the next generation air transportation system. The
concepts can be distributed along two axes: the degree to which responsibility
for separation assurance and collision avoidance is assigned to the controller
verses the pilot(s), and the degree to which automation augments or replaces
controller and pilot functions. Based on an analysis of the implications of
these concepts from a human factors standpoint, as well as the technological
readiness of the concepts, it appears that some form of supervisory control of
separation by controllers is the most viable concept. Keywords: Air traffic control; separation assurance; automation; roles and
responsibilities | |||
| Analysis of Team Communication and Collaboration in En-Route Air Traffic Control | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 758-765 | |
| Kazuo Furuta; Yusuke Soraji; Taro Kanno; Hisae Aoyama; Daisuke Karikawa; Makoto Takahashi | |||
| Ethnographic field observation was carried out at the Tokyo Air Traffic
Control Center to obtain video, radio communication, verbal conversation, and
journal records. Having analyzed these data based on the cognitive model of a
radar controller of our previous work and a notion of Team Situation Awareness
(TSA), a cognitive model of an ATC team has been established. It was revealed
that instantiation of TSA heavily owes to verbal communication but that role
assignment among team members is implicitly and smoothly determined once TSA
has been established. Team cognitive process of ATC controllers is therefore
well described by TSA development and Naturalistic Decision-Making (NDM). Keywords: Aviation safety; air traffic control; human factors; team cognitive model;
task analysis | |||
| Comparison of Pilot Recovery and Response Times in Two Types of Cockpits | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 766-775 | |
| Vishal Hiremath; Robert W. Proctor; Richard O. Fanjoy; Robert G. Feyen; John P. Young | |||
| According to general aviation manufacturers, all aircraft rolling off the
assembly line are or will be equipped with next-generation electronic flight
instrument cockpits, called 'glass' cockpits. Because most pilots were trained
with older analog displays, it becomes imperative to find out what human
factors issues the pilots will encounter when they transition to glass
displays. A comparative study was carried out in a general aviation aircraft
simulator between instrumentation of the type used in conventional and glass
cockpits for recovery from unusual attitudes. Glass displays showed longer
recovery time than round-dial displays. Low-time pilots judged analog displays
as more usable than glass displays. Suggestions are made to design a hybrid
display of round dial and vertical tapes as well as examine unusual attitude
training methods more closely. Keywords: glass cockpits; displays; digital displays; aviation; analog displays | |||
| Information Requirements and Sharing for NGATS Function Allocation Concepts | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 776-785 | |
| Nhut Tan Ho; Patrick Martin; Joseph Bellissimo; Barry Berson | |||
| To support the evaluation of feasible function allocation concepts for
separation assurance systems, and to develop a better understanding of the
specific information requirements for key tasks (resolving conflicts, avoiding
weather, and merging and spacing), air traffic controllers and commercial
pilots were interviewed for their goals, sub-goals, and the individual and
shared information needed to perform the tasks. The key information
requirements obtained can be used as input to ascertain which information is
most needed for probing when measuring individual and shared situation
awareness. The elicitation also provided insights into the interaction among
the controllers, pilots, and automation, and their perception of the concepts'
feasibility. Keywords: information requirements; NGATS; allocation function; shared situation
awareness; automation interaction | |||
| HILAS: Human Interaction in the Lifecycle of Aviation Systems -- Collaboration, Innovation and Learning | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 786-796 | |
| David Jacobson; Nick McDonald; Bernard Musyck | |||
| The aims of the paper are to describe a particular network in the European
aviation sector, to explain what is innovative about this network and to
describe ways in which the network may evolve in the future. The paper
describes the current state of the literature on human factors in aviation and
shows how HILAS partners collaborate to innovate in the field of human factors.
The paper highlights to what extent the HILAS partnership is novel, and wherein
specifically lies that novelty. The network is sectoral rather than locational.
It is an inter-organisational, cross-national, intra-sectoral, virtual cluster
of actors, brought together for the purpose of a particular innovative project.
The paper is about both the network and the nature of its innovation. Keywords: Innovation; networks; human factors; risk management system | |||
| Redefining Interoperability: Understanding Police Communication Task Environments | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 797-805 | |
| Gyu Hyun Kwon; Tonya L. Smith-Jackson; Charles W. Bostian | |||
| The goal of this research is to understand the concept of police
communication environments related to interoperable issues. Interoperability is
critical to both inter- and intra- organizational communication. Especially in
the emergency operations with multiple groups at the same place, the importance
of interoperability has been much appreciated. This study used semi-structured
interviews to examine the police communication issues and reconceptualize
interoperability in the police communication domain. Based on the interview, we
identified three important concepts to specify interoperable groups. First,
highly distributed decision making processes are problematic for multiple
communication needs. Second, a police team is self-organized at the scene.
Finally, their operational boundaries are tentative based on contextual
information. Based on these main concepts, we provided high-level suggestions
to design a police communication system based on cognitive radio technology. Keywords: Interoperability; Emergency Communication; Police; Cognitive Radio; Public
Safety; Distributed decision making; Self organization; Contextual Information | |||
| Unique Reporting Form: Flight Crew Auditing of Everyday Performance in an Airline Safety Management System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 806-815 | |
| Maria Chiara Leva; Alison Kay; Joan Cahill; Gabriel Losa; Sharon Keating; Diogo Serradas; Nick McDonald | |||
| This paper presents the proposed prototype for a Unique report form, which
will constitute the basis for all operational and safety related reports
completed by Flight Crew. This reporting form provides an opportunity for
operational personnel to audit their own company's processes and procedures and
has been developed in collaboration with a major Spanish Airline as part of the
Human Integration into the Lifecycle of Aviation Systems (HILAS) project. This
research involved extensive fieldwork, including process workshops, task
analysis and collaborative prototyping of new concepts. Traditionally airlines
use performance monitoring tools to evaluate human performance and by
implication their organizational/system safety. Feedback from these tools is
used to direct improvements (re-design procedures, enhance training etc.). The
Line Operation Safety Audit (LOSA) methodology constitutes the current state of
the art in terms of performance monitoring. Building on this concept, end user
requirements elicited were the main focus for the design of this reporting
form. Keywords: Human Factors; performance monitoring; threat & error management; task
support; safety management systems | |||
| Pilot Confidence with ATC Automation Using Cockpit Situation Display Tools in a Distributed Traffic Management Environment | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 816-825 | |
| Sarah V. Ligda; Nancy H. Johnson; Joel Lachter; Walter W. Johnson | |||
| NASA's Flight Deck Display Research Laboratory recently investigated air
traffic automation designed to alleviate groundside workload in high traffic
environments. This paper examines the data from post-experiment debriefings. We
found that pilots are comfortable reviewing automated conflict resolutions, as
well as modifying those resolutions before execution. The pilots were less
comfortable with an automated system that had no pilot or controller
human-in-the-loop review process. This traffic management concept will not be
optimally achieved if pilots do not trust automation without a human review
process in every conflict situation. While initial development of these systems
should focus on ways to effectively enable such reviews of the automation,
confidence can be expected to increase as pilots develop first-hand experience
with the system. Keywords: automation; conflict resolution; cockpit display of traffic information;
CDTI; cockpit situation display; CSD | |||
| A Study of Auditory Warning Signals for the Design Guidelines of Man-Machine Interfaces | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 826-834 | |
| Mie Nakatani; Daisuke Suzuki; Nobuchika Sakata; Shogo Nishida | |||
| This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of respective sound
parameters on human behavior in an emergency. In recent years, there are many
natural disasters. The evacuation procedure is one of the pressing problems.
Some audible alerts are entrenched in our daily life, such as police siren,
ambulance siren, emergency bell, fire alarm and so on. Most people, however,
don't escape by hearing the alert. People have a cry-wolf syndrome. Some
researches have been studied for people to take appropriate action. One is
going in the direction of education or training for people. Another is going in
the direction of improved evacuation call. We have studied about auditory
warning signals to assist the design of the warning systems. In this paper, the
dynamic change of the sound parameters due to a degree of danger is focused.
First, the reference values of parameters are settled by the reaction time
experiment. Then the effect of dynamically change in parameters is subjectively
evaluated. Keywords: auditory warning signal; response time; pitch; frequency; waveform;
psychological experiment | |||
| Computer-Aided Collaborative Work into War Rooms: A New Approach of Collaboration | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 835-844 | |
| Jeremy Ringard; Samuel Degrande; Stéphane Louis Dit Picard; Christophe Chaillou | |||
| This paper presents the realization of a new software and hardware platform
for collocated collaborative work. Our objective is to take the most of the
various competences of the teammates. We have created an architecture named MVT
(model, view, tool) for supporting collaborative interaction in war-room-like
environments. This software distribution offers various interactions
modalities, allowing multi-skilled teams to collaborate using different input
devices, thanks to multiple visualization and interaction channels. Keywords: collocation; collaboration; CVE; war room; teamwork | |||
| Optimizing Online Situation Awareness Probes in Air Traffic Management Tasks | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 845-854 | |
| Thomas Z. Strybel; Katsumi Minakata; Jimmy H. Nguyen; Russell Pierce; Kim-Phuong L. Vu | |||
| We examined the effectiveness of situation awareness probe questions in
predicting sector performance and behavior in a human-in-the-loop simulation
air traffic management (ATM) simulation with low (50%) and high (75%) traffic
densities. Probes were presented online during the performance of the air
traffic management task, and the accuracy and response latencies were measured.
Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the predictive power of each
category type. Response latencies for conflict probe questions predicted
performance metrics associated with separation assurance. Keywords: situation awareness measurement; air traffic management; NextGen | |||
| A Development of Information System for Disaster Victims with Autonomous Wireless Network | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 855-864 | |
| Yuichi Takahashi; Daiji Kobayashi; Sakae Yamamoto | |||
| In times of huge disaster such as earthquake, information needs increase
among victims and rescuers. Social ferment rises within afflicted area and the
damage is spread, if the needs of information are not satisfied. In this
research we developed an information system for disaster victims as a
distributed autonomous system using a wireless network. This system consists of
many sub systems. These sub systems are robust for collecting disaster
information because they are small and simple. An authorized user can register
information using one of the sub systems that is working correctly.
Asynchronously, they search another sub system via wireless network, and then
they communicate to each other in order to exchange information they have. As a
result, the information will be shared within a wide area by those processes
like a bucket brigade. Keywords: earthquake; disaster victims; distributed autonomous system; wireless
network | |||
| Situation Awareness and Performance of Student versus Experienced Air Traffic Controllers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 865-874 | |
| Kim-Phuong L. Vu; Katsumi Minakata; Jimmy H. Nguyen; Joshua M. Kraut; Hamzah Raza; Vernol Battiste; Thomas Z. Strybel | |||
| A human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted to examine performance,
workload, and situation awareness of students and retired air traffic
controllers using an on-line situation awareness probe technique. Performance
of the students did not differ from the controllers on many of the performance
variables examined, a finding attributed to extensive sector-specific
simulation training provided to the students. Both students and controllers
indicated that workload was higher and situation awareness was lower in
scenarios where the traffic density was high. However, the subjective workload
and situation awareness scores indicate that students were more negatively
affected by traffic density. Implications of these findings are discussed. Keywords: situation awareness; air traffic controllers; NextGen | |||