| Information Technology Planning System: Forms and Contexts | | BIBAK | 1021-1025 | |
| Robert W. Zmud; V. Sambamurthy; Terry A. Byrd | |||
| The processes used by organizations to conduct their information technology
(IT) planning activities are widely recognized as an issue of critical
importance (Brancheau and Wetherbe, 1987; Dickson, Leitheiser, Wetherbe, and
Nechis, 1984). However, despite an accumulating IT planning literature
(Synnott and Gruber, 1982; Earl, 1989; Cash, McFarlan, McKenney, and Vitale,
1988), empirical knowledge about the conduct of IT planning remains quite
limited (Boynton and Zmud, 1987). This paper empirically examines a number of
key issues associated with managing the conduct of IT planning within a single
large enterprise. Keywords: IT planning, IT management, Technology management | |||
| Information Management: Combining Computer-Controlled with Human-Controlled Functions in CIM | | BIBA | 1026-1030 | |
| Detlef M. Weber | |||
| Models and architectures have been developed for Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). They focus on organizing the decision making of the automated equipment. The information management and its role for integrating the human decision maker is not considered in these CIM models. | |||
| Autonomous Manufacturing Islands in Chinese Industry | | BIBAK | 1031-1035 | |
| S. Zhang | |||
| This paper presents a new concept of organization in manufacturing called
"Autonomous Manufacturing Island (AMI)". New technology needs new work
organization and personal qualification to match. The philosophy, software
structure and CIM configuration are described. The benefits of AMI are
remarkable. Three pilot installation in Chinese enterprises are introduced. Keywords: Manufacturing cell, Production organization, CIM, Human factor | |||
| Towards the Design of a Translator's Workstation -- Organisational Background and User Implications | | BIBAK | 1036-1040 | |
| Monika Hoge; Edith Kroupa | |||
| In this paper two aspects of multilingual information management are
presented: i) the influence of new technologies on the translation process as
an integral part of the overall documentation process and ii) the translators'
impact on the development of a MAT (Machine Aided Translation) system, i.e.
requirements specification and software evaluation. Keywords: Documentation process, Translation process, Requirements specification,
Acceptance testing, Software evaluation | |||
| Development of an Incident and Accident Management Support System for BWR Nuclear Power Plants | | BIBAK | 1041-1045 | |
| Y. Hattori; Y. Takizawa; T. Hayashi; J. Ikeda | |||
| The Incident and Accident Management Support System was developed to support
the knowledge-based decision making processes for operators under abnormal
plant conditions. This support system deduces guidance according to two kinds
of deep knowledge representing plant functions and structures; i.e., a
multilevel flow model and a physical plant structure model. The Incident and
Accident Management Support System comprises five modules based on the
operators' knowledge-based decision making model. Since the basis of this
support system is the operators' decision making process, it provides useful
information for operators in any abnormal plant status. Keywords: Operator support system, Nuclear power plant, Multilevel flow model,
Physical plant structure model | |||
| A Human-Supervised Control Architecture for a Flexible Manufacturing System | | BIBAK | 1046-1050 | |
| N. Nakamura | |||
| The real-time control problem of an FMS is not the simple task because of
machine failures and other unanticipated events. This paper presents an
architecture for a human-supervised control system in which the human is
considered to be the major component and is integrated with a knowledge-based
system and an intelligent interface that support the human's decision-making.
Through an illustrative example, the feasibility and effectiveness of the
system are evaluated. Keywords: Flexible manufacturing system, Human-supervised control system,
Knowledge-based system, Gantt chart, Human-computer interface | |||
| Diagnosis Strategies of Maintenance Personnel in Flexible Advanced Manufacturing Structures | | BIBAK | 1051-1055 | |
| B. Zimolong; U. Konradt | |||
| A work analysis was carried out to analyze typical functions of operators
and qualification requirements in small and medium sized metal-manufacturing
companies. Heuristics and strategies of skilled maintenance and repair
personnel were recorded with a verbal knowledge acquisition technique.
Examples of how to design a decision support which corresponded with personal
expert troubleshooting strategies were provided. Keywords: Troubleshooting, Decision support system, Computer controlled work system,
Maintenance, Time analysis, Task analysis | |||
| Human and Organizational Factors in IT Uptake Processes: ESPRIT Project 1030: IT-UPTAKE | | BIBAK | 1059-1063 | |
| Gerry Ryan | |||
| This paper reports on the results of ESPRIT Project No 1030: IT-UPTAKE
directly concerned with Human and Organizational factors in the uptake and use
of IT application systems. The IT-UPTAKE project provided a conceptual
framework for the integration of current knowledge concerning Human,
Organizational and Economic factors in IT uptake processes in organizations.
The primary focus was on human and organizational factors. The project
involved the development, and validation through field studies, of a
paper-based methodology addressing Human and Organizational factors in IT
uptake processes. Keywords: Human factors, Organizational factors, IT uptake, ESPRIT, Methodology | |||
| Linked Planning Groups for Implementing CIM | | BIBK | 1064-1069 | |
| R. Bartels; H. Eisel; A.-W. Scheer | |||
Keywords: CIM, Integration, Linked panning groups, Participation, Reorganization | |||
| User Acceptance of Computer Aided Design (CAD) | | BIBAK | 1070-1074 | |
| P. Knauth; J. Joseph; H. G. Gemunden | |||
| In a questionnaire study 362 users of CAD in 71 different companies were
surveyed with respect to the factors which influence the individual acceptance
of CAD. Keywords: User acceptance, New technologies, CAD | |||
| Changes in Mastery of Computer Applications and Endusers' Evaluations of the Implementation Process and Psychological Well-Being: A Follow-Up Study in Financial Firms | | BIBA | 1075-1079 | |
| P. Huuhtanen; J. Seitsamo | |||
| The implementation of new data systems was analyzed as a continuous change process in six financial firms in Finland. The employees (n=690) were classified into four groups according to the changes in their mastery of computer applications in a two-year follow-up. The mastering style was connected with occupation. The four types of mastering styles represented persons who differed in their evaluations of the change process. Also the association between the mastering style and stress at work was analyzed. | |||
| An Empirical Study of Assessing Human Performance in a Computer-Aided Managerial Planning Task | | BIBAK | 1080-1084 | |
| M. Giannacourou; L. Laios | |||
| This paper examines the effectiveness of computer support in unstructured
tasks such as managerial decision making. The effectiveness of a particular
decision support computer system especially developed for managerial planning
tasks is examined comparing aided vs unaided managers' performance in an
executive game. Since results from research so far that have been focus on
improving of final decision have been inconclusive the emphasis in this study
is placed on the evaluation not only of the decision outcome but also on the
comparison of the process that led to the particular decision. The results of
the present study showed that although there were not observed significant
differences in the final outcome a significant improvement in managers'
decision strategy when using the computer system was evident. Keywords: Managerial decision making process, Decision support systems, Evaluation of
DSS effectiveness | |||
| Organisational Design for Secretaries | | BIBAK | 1085-1089 | |
| Barbara Klein | |||
| This contribution presents first results of the research project "Future of
Secretaries, qualification and development of recommendations for work and
organisational design for secretaries". The expected impact of new information
technologies on characteristic profiles of secretaries as well as changes in
secretarial tasks are described. Keywords: Impact of information and communication technologies, Organisational design,
Qualification, Secretary, Task | |||
| Usability, Change, Adaptable Systems and Community Computing | | BIBA | 1093-1097 | |
| John Brooke | |||
| Usability and utility of systems can only be defined and discussed in operational terms, and that in turn means that they cannot be discussed without reference to the context in which the system is used. Systems need to be appropriate to the conjunction of user, task and environment. However this context is not stable, and thus what is appropriate changes all the time. This paper discusses the implications of this for the types of information systems we need to build. The advantages and disadvantages of adaptive and adaptable systems are discussed; it is argued that adaptive systems cannot realistically be built, but that there are inherent difficulties with adaptable systems as well. The DB_Builder project is described, which addresses some of the problems of adaptable systems by placing users in a context of "community computing". | |||
| Advanced Task Allocation in ProMInanD | | BIBAK | 1098-1102 | |
| B. Karbe; N. Ramsperger | |||
| ProMInanD's migration system deals with cooperative office work on different
types of office tasks which consist of steps the performance of which is
allocated to persons playing office roles. This typical kind of cooperation is
supported by Electronic Circulation Folders (ECF). Instantiations of task
related types of ECF's migrate automatically through an office organization
following a migration specification which describes the steps to be performed,
their possible sequences and the roles which have to be played for their
performance. However, in real life offices task allocation has to be more
advanced and to take into account non-deterministic human behavior, exception
handling and changes of the organization. Keywords: Cooperative office tasks, Electronic circulation folder, Exception handling,
Organizational handbook, Work flow specification | |||
| IPSE Technology as a Basis for Implementing CSCW Systems | | BIBAK | 1103-1107 | |
| P. R. White; D. G. Wastell | |||
| The Process Support System (PSS), which was developed under the Alvey IPSE
2.5 project, provides a framework for building cooperative work systems. This
paper discusses the theoretical underpinnings of PSS, in particular the concept
of Process and the nature of Processes as subject to dialectical change. PSS
as it stands provides a basic platform for system building. The challenges
facing PSS designers, and their requirements for tools and design
methodologies, are discussed. Keywords: CSCW, Process, IPSE technology, System design, Office automation | |||
| Corporate Information Management with aDIS -- An Engineering Approach -- | | BIBAK | 1108-1112 | |
| L. Kayalar; K. I. Wilkinson | |||
| An innovative approach based on a new software technology can help companies
to realise evolutionary information management systems with non-programming
staff. The main idea behind it is the control of processes and user
interactions by means of software units (software chips) and graphs. The
experience gained at various customer sites confirms that by use of the
presented approach, reductions of up to 80% in project costs and realization
times can easily be achieved. Keywords: Cost-reduction, Evolution, Productivity, Software-chips, Standard-graph | |||
| Computer Supported Cooperative Work -- State of the Art | | BIBAK | 1113-1117 | |
| Helmut A. O. Krcmar | |||
| The rapid development of the area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work
(CSCW) necessitates an overview to categorize recent research developments.
The article lists a number of terms that are used to depict CSCW research. It
then describes a framework for research in the field which is used to present
past achievements, the state of the art and some assumptions about future
directions. Keywords: Computer supported cooperative work, Group decision support systems | |||
| Broadband Based Cooperative Work | | BIBA | 1118-1122 | |
| Andreas Kindt; Volker Reible; Karl H. Voge | |||
| The integration of broadband and multimedia communication leads to new applications in the field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Application projects in the BERKOM project support the investigation and evaluation of technical solutions, feasibility and user acceptance. | |||
| The Effect of Computer Conferences on Joint Decision Making | | BIBAK | 1123-1127 | |
| B. Freisleben; G. Aschemann; S. Schramme | |||
| In this paper we investigate the effects of two forms of communication,
face-to-face and via computer networks, on the process of solving a problem or
reaching a common decision among a group of people. The work is based on an
experimental study which was jointly conducted by computer scientists and
psychologists and therefore involves both psychological aspects of cooperative
decision making and proposals for the design of software suitable for group
communication. Keywords: Joint decision making, Communication, Computer conferences, Groupware | |||
| Development and Runtime Support for Collaborative Applications | | BIBAK | 1128-1132 | |
| Tom D. Rudebusch | |||
| This paper discusses generic computer support for cooperative work. The
relevance of CSCW for future information systems is motivated and a taxonomic
approach is introduced. Requirements for a generic support system are
presented and the architecture of our Group Interaction Environment GROUPIE is
described, that comprises development and runtime support for collaborative
applications as well as a number of basic collaborative tools. GROUPIE's
relevance to the field of computer aided learning and project NESTOR is
indicated. Keywords: Group work, Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), Human-human
interaction, Distributed applications, Computer aided learning | |||
| Comparison Analysis of Design Methodologies and Reference Frameworks for Information System Design | | BIBAK | 1135-1139 | |
| Vesa Savolainen | |||
| Practitioners encounter many gaps in traditional information system design
(ISD) methodologies, especially in respect with the needs for the design of
user interfaces and other user aspects. When the ISD project leader selects
and tailors a suitable ISD methodology and methods and tools for the project,
it is of great importance to have a comparison framework for the evaluation of
the ISD methodologies. For that purpose, there exist two reference frameworks
for information systems development, viz. HECTOR Framework of Reference and
IFIP 8.1 WG's Framework for Understanding. In this paper we present an
analysis and comparison scheme which has been derived from a profound
definition of the concepts ISD methodology and metamethodology. This scheme is
here applied to the purpose of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the
two reference frameworks, but the project leader can also use it in the same
way as the frameworks themselves, i.e. as a basis for comparing the ISD
methodologies. Keywords: Design, Methodology, Reference framework, Comparison, Evaluation | |||
| Designing Information Systems for Cooperating Agents | | BIBAK | 1140-1144 | |
| V. De Antonellis; B. Pernici; P. Samarati | |||
| The paper presents the object-oriented design framework F-ORM (Functionality
in Object with Roles Model) for building the specification requirements of
office systems in terms of objects and their behavioral rules for communication
and cooperation according to global processes. Keywords: Object-oriented analysis, Office information systems, Requirements
specification | |||
| Development Opportunities for Methods and Tools | | BIBA | 1145-1150 | |
| Edda Pulst; John Hawgood; Joachim Niemeier | |||
| This paper outlines some of the main results of Project 2082 HECTOR
(Harmonized European Concepts and Tools for ORganizational information
systems), a one-year study, within the Business and Office Systems area of
ESPRIT, which ended in May 1990. One of the main aims of this project was to
identify market needs for methods and tools to help people wishing to improve
Organizational Information Systems (OIS).
The basis for the investigation of development opportunities was a "Framework of Reference" on the one hand and market data on the other. The Framework of Reference includes hierarchies of static entities for describing OIS, their environments and methods and tools for improving them, and a process model for all activities involved in improving OIS, from business strategy to the post-evaluation of OIS improvements which have been made. The market data was obtained from the HECTOR market surveys (case studies and postal survey in 7 European countries), from the existing knowledge of the team and other experts consulted, also from published sources and from vendors' literature. | |||
| Selecting Methods and Tools for Information System Improvement Projects | | BIBA | 1151-1159 | |
| J. Niemeier; A. Kieback | |||
| Over the last two decades, formal methods and tools have been introduced into the process of planning, developing, implementing, and managing applications of information technology (IT). For the practical usage existing methods and tools often are seen as incomplete, poorly integrated, often ineffective, and typically insensitive to the application environment. How to make the most of what is available today? Methods and tools to support the newer and more integrated forms of IT applications are still at an early stage of development and are not in common use. A guidance on the selection of methods and tools is needed which shows both what can be achieved now and where developments will come in the future. To a considerable extent the solution of behavioural and organizational design problems are seen as critical. But are methods and tools available for this objective? How to bring together approaches which have so far been pursued along separate paths? What is the most suitable product supporting different environments? The selection and evaluation of appropriate methods and tools for a specific project in a company requires a considerable effort and is itself a difficult and complex task. The purposes of HECTOR project (Harmonized European Concepts and Tools for Organizational Information Systems, ESPRIT project no. 2082) have been to determine what is needed in the marketplace, where opportunities lie to better meet these needs, and to present a framework within which these issues could be studied. The term Organizational Information System (OIS) is used to describe any socio-technical system which supports the work of an organization by facilitating the collection, flow, and analysis of information within or between organizations. One result, described in this paper, is a mean to improve the selection of methods and tools. | |||
| Computer Aided Strategy Audit (CASA) -- Knowledge Based Strategy Consulting | | BIBAK | 1160-1166 | |
| H. Krallmann; M. Muller-Wunsch; A. Woltering | |||
| The goal of strategic management consultants work is a comprehensive
evaluation of the ethical values of the management, the capabilities of the
employees as well as the performance of the administrative system to develop a
well-suited corporate strategy. In order to fulfill all these requirements a
management consultants has to take into consideration several hundred data.
The human information processing capacity allows in such situations only an
intuitive and condensed assessment of the strategic corporate status quo.
The knowledge-based system CASA (Computer Aided Strategy Audit) [1] assists the management consultant during the process of enterprise segmentation to create strategic business units, the analysis of the corporate culture, the assessment of market and competition, and an evaluation of the strategic cost situation. The system CASA is now used since the CeBIT fair 1989, and includes: 5 MB code and help texts, 2000 rules in 44 knowledge bases and 200 pages of automatically generated reports and up to 100 business charts. The use of CASA reduces the costs for the management consultancy to 30% of the original costs, i.e. from $75,000 to $25,000 for a strategy development project. Keywords: Expert system, Knowledge-based system, Consulting, Computer aided
consulting, Strategic management | |||
| Intelligent Support Tools for 'Organisational Learning' about IT Uptake: ESPRIT Project 2144: IT-USE | | BIBAK | 1167-1171 | |
| Gerry Ryan; Annette Aboulafia | |||
| This paper reports on how an intelligent support tool ('IT-USE the Product')
will facilitate 'organisational learning' in the sense that users will be
better able to understand and manage human and organisational factors
associated with the uptake of IT systems in organizations. The notion of
'organizational learning' is briefly outlined and some critical issues and
unresolved problems concerning this concept are discussed. The challenges
posed by continuing failures in IT uptake processes are briefly discussed. An
overview of the ongoing ESPRIT II Project 2144: IT-USE is presented together
with a discussion of the opportunities and constraints presented through the
usage of 'Electronic Books' such as those being developed through this project. Keywords: IT uptake, Human and organizational factors, Interactive videodisc
courseware, Supportware, ESPRIT | |||
| Information Systems Architectures in Business Environments | | BIB | 1175-1190 | |
| Dietrich Seibt | |||
| Barriers to Office Automation and Their Countermeasures: A Case History of Small Car-Dealer Company | | BIBA | 1191-1195 | |
| Lucia Diawati; Yoshio Hayashi | |||
| Office automation, which has been recognized as a promising approach to improve office productivity, is yet attributed to large firms in Indonesia due to the requirement for large investment and skilled labor formation. The market imperfection, which makes resource distribution skewed on large firms' side, limits even further the abilities of small firms to pursue it. This study is a record and an analysis of the computerization process in a small car-dealer firm in Indonesia. Despite the difficult conditions, this case is regarded as an example of successful computerization. The barriers faced during the process and their countermeasures will be disclosed. | |||
| CIM in Switzerland: The Use of Computer Integrated Production Systems | | BIBAK | 1196-1200 | |
| J. K. Kuark; T. Moll; A. Schilling; H. Schupbach; O. Strohm; E. Ulich | |||
| Although the euphoria generated by the prospect of Computer Integrated
Manufacturing (CIM) that prevailed in the early 1980s has considerably abated,
CIM still carries many high expectations for survival in the competitive
markets of the future and continues to be a very current issue. In the Swiss
"CIM Action Program", launched by the federal government, CIM is understood to
be a concept that spans and integrates humans, technology and organizations.
Only through the utilization of human resources and integration in this broader
sense can the advantages of CIM be realized to their fullest extent. Our
research project on the design and use of Computer Aided Integrated Production
Systems provides a valuable database in this context. Selected results from
the mechanical and electrical industrial sector are presented. Although
Switzerland does not appear to be behind in the quantitative realization of
CIM, new organizational options that accompany the introduction of computer
aided technologies are not necessarily being utilized. Keywords: CIM, Work-oriented system design, Advanced manufacturing systems,
Sociotechnical system design, Organizational characteristics | |||
| Information Systems Formation of Island Structures in Manufacturing | | BIB | 1201 | |
| V. Hornung | |||
| Application Model for Designing Human-Computer Interface | | BIBA | 1202-1207 | |
| Tosaku Hattori | |||
| This paper discusses an industrial design procedure of a Human-Computer Interface (HCIF) for the implementation of an ergonomics solution in a banking terminal system. The procedure is intended to provide, in the design stage, a methodology for solving practical ergonomic problems to optimize various configurations of the operator's human factors. The following two factors are taken into consideration in this paper: First, the operator's working posture with the system, and second, biomechanical factors in the operator's working area and field of vision. The final conclusions discuss those procedures, and the factors of the HCIF are evaluated by using a mock-up called Electronic-Mock Up (EMU) to perform graphic modeling by personal computer aided design. | |||
| AI as a Computer Support for the Manager -- An Integrated Concept | | BIBAK | 1208-1211 | |
| R. Marzi | |||
| On the market are a multitude of systems for supporting a manager. These
systems mainly deal with decision-support, (MSS, EIS or generally DSS) and
focus on the integration in the existing business computer systems and on
modelling the impact of certain decisions on the company (investment, gain
a.s.f.).
Here, a concept for the support of managerial work is proposed which integrates different methods from fields of artificial intelligence. The applicability of these methods is investigated. Keywords: AI, Management support, NL processing, Blackboard | |||
| Towards Designing Knowledge Acquisition Tools for Business Planning | | BIBAK | 1212-1216 | |
| G. Valiris; L. Laios | |||
| This paper presents an approach for the design and the validation of a
knowledge acquisition tool in the domain of business planning. KART is a
knowledge acquisition and representation tool which has been developed to
address specific issues of this task. Because of the complexity of business
planning tasks, it is difficult for experts to describe their knowledge in an
appropriate form. The decomposition and simplification techniques employed by
KART, effectively model the decision making behaviour of the experts. The use
of such techniques provides a powerful tool for the construction of a knowledge
base. Keywords: Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge acquisition tools, Planning task, ESs,
Validation of ESs | |||
| The Hard Life of the Unskilled Workers in New Technologies: Data-Entry Clerks in Brazil -- A Case Study | | BIBAK | 1219-1223 | |
| A. Soares | |||
| Behind the image of the "Future Profession" we may find the high tech
unskilled workers: data-entry clerks. This paper investigate the working life,
the sexual division of labour and the occupational health of a data-entry
sector in a public Data Processing Centre (DPC) in Brazil. Keywords: Data-entry clerks, Stress, Repetition strain injuries, Women's work, New
technologies | |||
| Application of Multimedia Systems for Qualification in Business Environments | | BIBA | 1224-1228 | |
| Martina Schafer; Josephine Hofmann | |||
| Multimedia systems offer an adequate technological basis for innovative concepts of recurrent education. Applications like Computer-Based-Training or Business-Television are characterized by specific strengths and costs. This paper discusses their typical system functionalities, costs of use and their usability for different requirement profiles in business environments. | |||
| Causal Reasoning in Learning to Use a Command Device: Discovery Procedural Schemas | | BIBAK | 1229-1235 | |
| Frederic P. Aschehoug | |||
| In order to understand the processes that underlie learning by discovery,
verbalizations and actions were collected from a learning by discovery
situation. The task was to edit a graphical program with a direct manipulation
device. This text presents a detailed analysis of reasoning about the effects
of actions. We introduce the notion of discovery procedural schema. Two types
of schemas are conceptually defined: simple schema and complex schema. The
first concerns reasoning about actions in order to reach a subgoal. The second
concerns reasoning about the goal structure. Instances of each type of schema
are described in the text. The data support the view that two levels of
learning should be differentiated: the subgoal level and the actions level. Keywords: Discovery, Reasoning, Procedural learning, Goal structure, Mental model | |||
| Learning and Authoring on the Basis of an Adaptive System | | BIBAK | 1236-1241 | |
| Anette Knierriem; Jairo A. Cote Munoz | |||
| This paper describes ways of improving methods and techniques used in the
area of computer-based learning. In particular, an adaptive system is
described, and ideas about how to apply it to the field of computer-assisted
instruction. The system provides a model which contains information about the
user's knowledge. On the one hand, the intention is to make the information
about the student's abilities obvious to an instructor who will be able to
support the student by individual instructions and learning facilities
according to the student's knowledge. On the other hand, the system's
adaptability will be used to support the instructor himself in designing
learning sequences with respect to his/her pedagogic and didactic aims. Keywords: Computer-based learning, Intelligent tutoring systems, Adaptive dialogue,
Individual user assistance, Computer graphics | |||
| Integrated Software Solutions for Production Control in Job Shops: A Teaching Project | | BIBAK | 1242-1246 | |
| G. Schmidt; P. Sokolowsky; W. Dilger | |||
| The paper describes the realization of a production control system as far as
it was achieved in the first stage of a teaching project. The aim of the
project was to integrate a database, an electronical control device and an
expert system into a CIM environment for the control of job shop manufacturing
processes. Keywords: Production control, Job shop scheduling, Data- and knowledge-based system
integration, Education | |||
| Information Systems in Cultural Institutions: Lessons for Tomorrow's Business Organizations | | BIBAK | 1249-1254 | |
| D. Te'eni; K. Sengupta | |||
| In comparison with business organizations, the use information systems by
cultural institutions appears to be less sophisticated and regarded by top
management as strategically less critical. Yet, paradoxically, if we examine
why this is the case and what should be done about it, we may learn some
lessons for tomorrow's business organizations which will resemble today's
non-profits in aspects such as coordinating loosely coupled decision-making
units. This paper reports on some first steps in 1) discussing the problems of
using information systems in cultural institutions and 2) defining the
necessary tools for modeling the information requirements to tackle these
problems. Work underway has begun to apply the tools in the development of
such information systems. Keywords: MIS, Information modeling, Cultural organizations, Nonprofit | |||
| Troubleshooting Strategies -- The Constraints Imposed by the Telephone | | BIBAK | 1255-1259 | |
| Egberto Arouca Modesto de Medeiros | |||
| Certain human activities face experts with the task of aiding non-experts in
solving their problems by phone. This collective troubleshooting activity is
constrained by the media -- the telephone. The constraints are mainly related
to the impoverishment of the perceptual environment of the expert. The study
of troubleshooting strategies employed by experts on the phone in helping
non-experts out of their problems can be useful in designing Intelligent
Decision Aid Systems (IDAS). Furthermore these IDAS should be extended so as
to include more features than a traditional Expert System (ES). A special
feature designed to enhance expert's assessment and representation of the
problem can be used once the expert takes over a partially treated problem
after a traditional ES has tried and failed to solve it. Keywords: Intelligent decision systems, Communication, Cognitive engineering,
Simulation, Troubleshooting | |||
| Managing Complex Connectivity Outlines of General Network Management | | BIB | 1260-1264 | |
| Johannes Ehrhardt | |||
| Software Scenario Models for 'Quality of Life' in the 'Information Society': ESPRIT Project 5374: QLIS | | BIBAK | 1265-1269 | |
| Gerry Ryan; Annette Aboulafia | |||
| This paper presents an overview of the key objectives of the ongoing ESPRIT
II Project 5374: Quality of Life in the Information Society, outlines the
approach being adopted for the development of a Generic Reference Framework
(GRF) re Quality of Life in the Information Society with particular reference
to the 'Work' and 'Home' areas of life; and briefly discusses the scientific
and industrial impacts of the Project results. The primary focus of this paper
is upon the GRF. Keywords: Quality of life, Information society, Quality of working life, Home ESPRIT | |||
| Quality of Life Criteria for Assessing Information Technology in the Home Environment | | BIBAK | 1270-1275 | |
| Wolfgang Hesse; Sigrun Goll; Thomas Biedassek; Julie Remmington | |||
| Information technology products and systems are presently penetrating broad
areas of our daily life: we meet them at work, in the public domain, in our
home. Questions on the impact of information technology on our quality of life
become more and more important. The ESPRIT project QLIS aims at developing
models, scenarios and support tools which help to assess new IT applications
under quality of life criteria. This paper presents a first step towards a
typology for classifying and assessing IT products in the home environment. Keywords: Information technology assessment, Quality of life, Scenario support tools,
Home systems, Classification | |||
| Modelling Scenarios for the Impact on Quality of Life | | BIBAK | 1276-1282 | |
| D. Bronisz; D. Cordelle; T. Grossi | |||
| This paper describes an expert system for assessment of Quality of Life in
the working environment. This prototype is based on a Quality of Life Model,
and a Socio-Technical Model of organizations. Keywords: Quality of life, Expert systems, Socio-technical model, Prototype,
Information technology | |||
| M4EVAL: Evaluation of Multi-Medial Multi-Modal Human-Computer Interaction | | BIBA | 1285-1294 | |
| Rolf Haberbeck | |||
| A method and tool for testing, evaluating and improving multi-medial and multi-modal user interfaces is described. Such a method is needed for designing a flexible interface for retail applications to be used by the customer. It is shown that designing this user interface requires an approach based on interaction theory instead on simple task analysis. | |||
| Requirements from the Retail Area for Ergonomic Customer-Computer Interaction | | BIBA | 1295-1303 | |
| Rolf Haberbeck | |||
| The requirements from the retail area for customer-computer interaction are described. A method and tool for evaluating and testing customer-computer interaction, M4-EVAL (EVALuation of Multi-Medial Multi-Modal human computer interaction), and an architecture that allows for flexible design and adaptation of user interfaces, CIF (Communication InterFace), are a prerequisite in order to meet these requirements. | |||
| Ergonomics Evaluation of Multiaccess Computer Systems | | BIBA | 1307-1309 | |
| Leszek Pacholski | |||
| Planing and implementation any technological and managerial solutions in the
VDT-centres cannot occur without taking into account the evaluation of the
man-computer terminal compatibility degree with the ergonomic requirements.
The purpose of this paper is to present a heuristic method of the ergonomicity evaluation of the present-day multiaccess computer systems. Practical application of the above method allows to control the level of working conditions in a complex way during modernization of the VDT-centres. | |||
| Man-Machine Interface and Human-Computer Interaction Trend in Nigeria | | BIBK | 1315 | |
| N. K. Akinmayowa | |||
Keywords: Man-machine, Interface, Compatibility, Ergonomics, Occupational health | |||
| Assessing the Usability of the Active Library on Corrosion CD-ROM Hypermedia System | | BIBK | 1316 | |
| Hans C. Arents; Walter F. L. Bogaerts | |||
Keywords: Hypertext, Hypermedia, Usability, Evaluation, User interface | |||
| Contextual Links: A Formal Approach to the Interaction with Network-Based Databases | | BIB | 1317 | |
| Alessandro D'Atri; Fabrizio Prosperi Porta; Laura Tarantino | |||
| Some Programme Potentialities for a Non-Professional User | | BIB | 1318 | |
| F. I. Balandin | |||
| The Design of Skill-Enhancing Expert Systems: An Oxymoron? | | BIB | 1319 | |
| W. Beuschel | |||
| AMCIRS: An Intelligent Interface to Multimedia Information | | BIB | 1320 | |
| D. Davcev; D. Cakmakov; V. Cabukovski | |||
| A New Mathematical Editor, Using an On-Line Symbol Recognition | | BIBK | 1321 | |
| Yannis A. Dimitriadis; Juan Lopez Coronado | |||
Keywords: Handwritten symbol recognition, On-line mathematical editor, Attribute
grammar | |||
| The Application of Illusory Conjunction and the "Popout Effect" | | BIBK | 1322 | |
| C. K. Hodge; V. A. Lang; B. S. Utesch | |||
Keywords: Visual displays, Display design, Cognitive workload | |||
| An Interactive Computer System Analyzing and Evaluating Incomplete Information | | BIB | 1323 | |
| Haruhiko Horie; Morio Nagata | |||
| Formal Models of Data Representation and Transfer in Intelligent Systems | | BIB | 1324 | |
| A. O. Karpov | |||
| Performance Differences using Analog vs. Digital Formats in RAP COM (Rapid Communication) and Spatial Displays for Visual Monitoring | | BIBK | 1325 | |
| V. A. Lang; D. G. Payne; J. J. Vardaman | |||
Keywords: Display formats, RAPCOM, Cognitive workload, Dynamic displays | |||
| Work Structuring in Production Lines -- The Requirements for Information Technologies | | BIB | 1326 | |
| Cristoph Lenssen | |||
| Open Model for Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction | | BIB | 1327 | |
| Xie Li; Du Xing | |||
| Experimental Evaluation -- Should We Believe the Results? | | BIBK | 1328 | |
| Stuart MacFarlane | |||
Keywords: Evaluation, Controlled experiments | |||
| Full-Content Image-Based Interfaces -- An Integrative Approach for Man-Machine Visual Communication Processes, Part I | | BIB | 1329 | |
| J. C. Mangione | |||
| Full-Content Image-Based Interfaces -- An Integrative Approach for Man-Machine Visual Communication Processes, Part II | | BIB | 1330 | |
| J. C. Mangione | |||
| Optimization of a Human-Computer Interaction on the Base of Quantization Models for Activity and Homeostasis Theory | | BIBK | 1331 | |
| G. G. Manshin; S. V. Kirpich; A. Y. Sharajeva | |||
Keywords: Conflict, Interaction, Quality, System, Quantization | |||
| Long-Term Study of Eye Complaints | | BIBK | 1332 | |
| H. Nibel; H. Krueger | |||
Keywords: Eye complaints, Eye strain, CAD-work | |||
| The KJ Method on a Personal Computer | | BIB | 1333 | |
| Hajime Ohiwa; Kazuhisa Kawai; Masanobu Koyama; Naohiko Takeda | |||
| Expert Systems in Personel Performance Evaluation: An Application in Educational Area | | BIB | 1334 | |
| A. Ozcan; I. Akman | |||
| AURA: Adaptable User Interfaces for Reusable Applications | | BIB | 1335 | |
| Cristine Parker-Jones; Mark Howes; Bodo Arndt | |||
| Screen Design and Evaluation for Computer Based Training | | BIBK | 1336 | |
| G. Patterson; T. J. Anderson; F. C. Monds | |||
Keywords: Graphics, Text, User interface, Computer based training, Interactive systems | |||
| Display Format Factors Affecting Human Problem Solving Performance and Information Processing on CRTs | | BIB | 1337 | |
| Caixia Qian; Kenji Itoh; Takao Enkawa | |||
| Task Analysis in the Evaluation of Human-Computer Interfaces: A Case from an Insurance Company | | BIBK | 1338 | |
| P. Seppala; J. Vitikkala | |||
Keywords: Task analysis, Human-computer interface, User-centered design, Information
systems | |||
| A Speech Activity Adaption System for Improved Human-Machine Dialogues | | BIBK | 1339 | |
| Tomio Watanabe | |||
Keywords: Human interface, Human-computer interaction, Speech output, Speech activity,
Dialogue | |||
| Paper-Like Interface for Graphical Workstations | | BIB | 1340 | |
| Rui Zhao | |||
| Virtual Structures in Hypermedia Resources | | BIBAK | 1343-1351 | |
| P. A. M. Kommers | |||
| An essential assumption by the proponents of hypermedia is that the links
between hotspots and the final pop-up information are defacto based on semantic
relations like equivalence, taxonomy, causality, description etc. The first
order browsing transitions in the presentation sequence can be evaluated by
asking if the resulting passage is a zooming effect of the requested term or
picture part indeed. Longer browsing sequences however may occur as obscure
trails in the perception of a user, though each transition in itself is a
logical one.
The article below proposes a concept mapping technique based on graph theoretical concepts, in order to overcome the lack of macro structuring in hypermedia design and development. Keywords: Hypermedia, Concept network, Concept mapping, Graph computation, Centrality
indices | |||
| Qualification Requirements for the Organized Use of CIM in the Operational Sphere of Personnel Systems | | BIB | 1353-1362 | |
| K. Betzl; K. Kornwachs | |||
| Design and Implementation for Integrated Framework and Human-Computer Interface of Interactive System | | BIBA | 1363-1367 | |
| Jingyun Cheng; Yiquan Ni; Xuexian Gong; Meifang Cao | |||
| This paper presents the feature, structure, implementation technique and application for integrated framework and human-computer interface of the interactive system developed by the authors of this paper. This is based on the user interface generation and management system UIGMS which is also developed by the authors of this paper in recent years [1]. | |||