| The Changing Face of Scientific Computation | | BIBA | 791-795 | |
| S. J. Hague; I. Reid | |||
| This paper discusses the changing needs of the scientific computing community and the associated challenges facing developers in this field. An architecture for developing the required systems is being investigated as part of the work in the ESPRIT 2 Project (no. 2620) -- FOCUS. A very brief description of the work of the project is given, with particular reference to the FOCUS architecture for constructing the required scientific computing environments. | |||
| Knowledge-Based System Requirements | | BIBA | 796-800 | |
| Rachel Jones; Linda Candy; Ernest Edmonds | |||
| This paper describes an approach to the identification of user requirements for Knowledge Based Front Ends (KBFEs) to existing software systems. The work took place as part of the FOCUS Project, the main goal of which is to provide KBFE support to users in scientific and industrial environments. Investigations into end-user requirements that assume the use of existing software are described and a framework for the structuring of user requirements obtained from field investigations is presented. | |||
| How Can Knowledge Based Systems Solve Large Scale Problems -- Decomposition and Distribution of Problem Solving | | BIBA | 801-806 | |
| Setsuo Ohsuga | |||
| The first and direct objective of this paper is to discuss a method of building large models to solve large scale problems in computer systems. In order for a computer to be generic enough and able to support total problem solving by human users, it must be provided with the very general problem solving methods so that human users can use it for his/her problem solving without special knowledge of the computer system. Model based methods of problem solving are very generic and suited to the purpose. But there arises the problem of representing the large scale model building process in the computer. In this paper the author discusses this problem and presents a method. The second and implicit objective is to make the concept of future computers clear through this discussion. In order to realize the generic method of large scale model building, new software technologies becomes necessary. In this paper, an approach to future knowledge processing technology is implied. | |||
| Changing the User Interface is Changing the World | | BIBAK | 807-812 | |
| Henk J. van Zuylen | |||
| Providing a new user interface to an existing program means more than just
bolting some new features on an old system. It will change the way people work
with the program. This change is unpredictable in advance. Various factors
influence this change, for instance the structure of the organization, the
company culture and the people involved. The requirements of the user
interface are difficult to capture, because they do not exist until the user
interface has been specified or even created. The whole process of
requirements capturing has to be considered as an organic process, in which the
attitude of the people changes while they create or discover the requirements.
Often also the organizational circumstances are influenced. Development
methods and tools should be suited for incremental development. Keywords: User interface, Development, Maintenance, Environment, Introduction | |||
| Front-Ends for Scientific Programs | | BIBAK | 813-819 | |
| Henk J. van Zuylen | |||
| The users of scientific programs constitute a very diverse group, ranging
from domain specialists with little knowledge about the program to
users/developers, who know all details of the code, the input, the meaning and
reliability of the output and the applicability of the program. Support for
the use of scientific programs could be given by a knowledge based user
interface. The scope of such a user interface has to be restricted. Some
requirements are given for the structure of the user interface and for the
tools to build them. Keywords: User interface, Computational physics, Requirements, User profile | |||
| How to Revitalize Complex Conventional Programs | | BIBAK | 820-824 | |
| J. Hensgens; Ph. Letanoux | |||
| In this paper we describe a knowledge-based front end for a mathematical
simulation program. This program shows that the lifetime of a computer program
can be very long; it has been developed in the seventies and is still used
today. Looking at this program from a contemporary viewpoint as a cognitive
ergonomist is shocking. Nevertheless a re-implementation, with a good
integrated interface, was out of the question because of the program's
complexity. The best solution was to develop a knowledge-based front end, that
interfaces to the original program to help the user with the data entry. Keywords: Intelligent interfaces, Knowledge based systems, Interface techniques,
Object oriented programming, OSF/Motif | |||
| Using the Focus Architecture for Developing Knowledge-Based Front-Ends: KAFTS -- A KBFE for Forecasting | | BIBA | 825-829 | |
| E. A. Edmonds; R. Southwick; A. Prat; J. M. Catot; J. Lores; P. Fletcher | |||
| Industrial and scientific development environments often involve the use of
software such as statistical packages, optimisation packages, numerical
algorithm libraries, etc. which represent an enormous body of very complex and
valuable knowledge that is becoming increasingly difficult to assess. End
users have to cope simultaneously both with the intricacies of the software and
with the increasing complexity of the application domain problems. For these
systems, knowledge-based front-ends (KBFEs) can provide co-operative assistance
to end users, enabling them to use the systems successfully, whilst preserving
know-how contained in the libraries and packages and extending their working
life.
FOCUS (Front Ends for Open and Closed User Systems) is an ESPRIT-2 project No. 2620 (#) currently in its third of four budgeted years whose goal is to develop generic tools and techniques for constructing and maintaining KBFEs for open user systems (e.g. libraries, reusable software components) and closed user systems (e.g. free standing software, packages) for industrial and scientific applications. The participating partners are drawn from both industrial and academic Institutions providing a wide cross-section of software researchers, producers and users, and the project has taken a pragmatic approach with the industrialisation of products developed playing a prominent role. This paper will describe part of the work undertaken during the first two years of the FOCUS project. It will state the aims of the project, describe a core element of the emerging FOCUS design strategy, namely a separable architecture for knowledge-based front-ends, and describe work done on KAFTS (Knowledge Assisted Forecasting of the Time Series) -- a prototype KBFE built with this architecture. | |||
| MOCAD -- An Intelligent Front End for Design for Assembly | | BIB | 830-833 | |
| J. Warschat | |||
| Multi-Viewpoint Perspective Display Methods: Formulation and Application to Compound Graphs | | BIBAK | 834-838 | |
| Kazuo Misue; Kozo Sugiyama | |||
| This paper focuses on techniques to display effectively the whole and
details of diagrams on screens. First, user requirements for display methods
are analyzed from a cognitive viewpoint. Then, a multi-viewpoint perspective
display method (MVP) is proposed, and three variations are formulated.
Finally, it is shown that one variation of MVP is adaptable for compound
graphs, which are abstractions of diagrams used in idea-organizing methods. Keywords: Whole and details view problem, Multi-viewpoint perspective display method,
Supporting idea-organizing method, Compound graph, Fisheye view | |||
| The Design of an Intelligent Interface to Standard PC Applications which Maximises the Ability of the Disabled User | | BIBAK | 839-843 | |
| J. A. Hewitt; P. G. R. Halford | |||
| This paper reports on work carried out by the Speech and Language Technology
Group at Hatfield Polytechnic into the design of speech interfaces. It
presents a design for a generic user interface management system (UIMS) which
allows the user access to any PC application via both speech and switched
input. This generic UIMS allows an instantiation of an interface which is
tailored to the requirements of a particular individual and which can, if
necessary, be changed over time as his/her condition changes. Keywords: UIMS, Speech, Switch, Object-oriented, Tailorable | |||
| Konex+: An Interactive Design Expert | | BIBAK | 844-848 | |
| Alexander Negele; Christian Rathke | |||
| To investigate the interactive nature of design processes, we have developed
an intelligent design support environment for the design of CNC-machines.
KONEX+ combines a traditional expert system with the interactive interface of a
construction kit. "Design experts" give advice, evaluate and criticize
designs, and take part in the overall design process. They may be communicated
with through forms which allow to inspect and to enter parameters according to
the expert's knowledge. Keywords: Cooperative problem solving, Design environments, Knowledge-based systems,
Mechanical design | |||
| Direct and Indirect Elicitation of Knowledge Engineering Expertise | | BIBAK | 851-855 | |
| Andrew J. Slade | |||
| This paper examines the direct and indirect acquisition of knowledge for
systems designed to aid the diagnosis of faults in complex electro-mechanical
equipment.
We report on current work that is utilising model based reasoning in conjunction with simulation to provide both assistance with fault finding and better understanding of diagnostic strategy. A parallel simulator, running on a number of INMOS transputers, will provide data streams simulating both correct and faulted mode operation of components in complex machines. The latter is characterised by a flow of discrete material through the machine, which processes the material and controls the flow. Distributed, process based, discrete simulation is being used as the development technology. A host machine runs two sub-systems. A hypertext based CBT component provides the user with a demand driven interface to structured information about the simulated machine. The information includes diagnostic strategies, failure modes and correct operation components. A knowledge based system implements a high level model of the machine and provides an active example of the application of the diagnostic strategy. Knowledge elicitation is important at several different levels of abstraction within this approach. There is a level of classical expert knowledge about the behaviour of the machine and at a deeper level we require detailed information about the design of the machine to build accurate models that can be used to simulate real behaviour. Yet another level is that of interpreting the information from all sources. We first discuss the general issues concerning knowledge elicitation then we briefly present some details of the prototype system we are using to explore the ideas. Finally we present our perception of the opportunities for direct and indirect knowledge elicitation for systems of the type discussed here. Keywords: Model, Reasoning, Knowledge education | |||
| Managing the Bottleneck: Knowledge Acquisition under Organizational Aspects | | BIBAK | 856-860 | |
| R. Sandner | |||
| Expert systems have been developed in a quite unstructured way up to now
without regarding aspects of well-known software project management principles
and needs for organizational integration. Thus, most of the systems
implemented as a prototype, have never reached the status of a fully functional
piece of software. This paper describes an integrated methodology for expert
system development under organizational aspects, taking into account different
concepts of classical software engineering as well as experiences in our
projects. Keywords: Methodology for expert system development, Project management, System
design, Organizational integration | |||
| Knowledge Elicitation: A Comparison of Models and of Methods | | BIBA | 861-865 | |
| W. Hacker; Nina Grossmann; Simone Teske | |||
| The paper presents (1.) quasi-experimental comparisons of the GOMS-, the
W-question- and a decision- decomposition model of knowledge description and
(2.) comparisons of a concept-structuring versus a group discussion procedure.
There is a model x domain interaction. Interview structuring aids are highly effective and differ in their qualitative results. | |||
| Using KADS for Generating Explanations in Environmental Impact Assessment | | BIBAK | 866-870 | |
| A. Baumewerd-Ahlmann; P. Jaschek; J. Kalinski; H. Lehmkuhl | |||
| Complex planning tasks like environmental impact assessment require
knowledge-based systems to justify their results by comprehensive explanations.
Model-based knowledge engineering methodologies like KADS developed within the
last few years recommend a knowledge level approach to explanations. Our
model-based approach allows to anticipate a user's questions and to design
answering mechanisms already during the knowledge engineering stage. Several
question types are identified and their semantics is related to the structuring
components of KADS. Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, Explanation, KADS, Knowledge modelling,
Model-based knowledge engineering | |||
| Database Integration with the Knowledge-Based System KUSBER | | BIBAK | 871-875 | |
| Marlies Leppert; Andrea Wolf; Josef Hofer-Alfeis | |||
| The abbreviation KUSBER stands for the German term for "consulting system
for lubricants": Kuhlschmierstoff-Beratungssystem.
The integration of a knowledge-based system with an existent database is demonstrated by means of an application for the selection of cooling lubricants. The chemical ingredients and the environmental characteristics of the lubricants used within the authors' company are stored in a relational database (Oracle). The knowledge-based component was implemented by using the expert system shell Nexpert Object and the corresponding database bridge. This paper states some facts about - the modelling of expert knowledge with Nexpert Object - the functions realized in the system - the database integration facilities using relational databases - the applied user interface. Keywords: Knowledge-based system, Database integration, Information system | |||
| The Graphical Querying Environment of the KIWIS System | | BIBAK | 876-880 | |
| F. Staes; L. Tarantino; A. Tiems | |||
| In this paper we discuss some aspects of a graphical language for querying
object oriented databases. The main features of such a querying tool are its
integration in a browsing environment, facilitating both the query formulation
and the exploration of the answers, and the by-example approach on which the
formulation is based. Keywords: Object-oriented, Knowledge bases, User interfaces, Graphical queries | |||
| Towards Automatic Production of Interview Plans | | BIBAK | 881-885 | |
| A. Bonarini; M. C. Gallo; M. Guida | |||
| Knowledge Acquisition is still an art, only partially supported by
methodologies and computer-based tools. In particular, one of the main
activities not yet fully supported is the design and performance of interviews
to elicit knowledge from experts. We present a model for a knowledge-based
system supporting both the choice of the interview technique and the
performance of the interview in a given phase of the design process. Our model
is based on a set of conceptual primitives to organize the knowledge elicited
at a given time, and on a corpus of problem-independent knowledge. A
computer-based tool implementing the ideas presented here is under development. Keywords: Intelligent systems, Knowledge elicitation, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge
based systems design | |||
| Can Hypermedia Improve the Acceptance of Knowledge-Based Systems? | | BIBAK | 889-893 | |
| Fahri Yetim; Peter Dambon | |||
| This paper is concerned with improving of the acceptance of AI applications.
A discussion is provided how some of the essential risks and problems of AI
applications can partially be avoided through the application of new
opportunities offered by the hypermedia methodology and technology. Keywords: Knowledge-based systems, Hypermedia, Risks, Acceptance, Decision support | |||
| Automatic Reasoning for Creativeness Decision Support: The CIM Case | | BIBAK | 894-898 | |
| Salomon Klaczko-Ryndziun; Martin Goller | |||
| Automatic reasoning is shown as the matching of two or more different
classifications of a problem state through cartesian products in order to
discover hidden inconsistencies or gaps and as the navigation through
hierarchies of inheritances in order to detour forbidden nodes of the system
relationships. Keywords: Automatic reasoning, Inheritance hierarchies, Creativity support, Knowledge
representation, CIM computer integrated manufacturing | |||
| Dialogue Support at the Customer Interface | | BIBAK | 899-904 | |
| T. Houghton; M. Gardner; N. Millard | |||
| This paper describes the human factors approach taken in the development of
integrated expert system dialogues designed to support BT personnel in dealing
with customers. It describes the requirements capture techniques, the
resultant dialogue styles and their evaluation in terms of efficiency gains,
customer satisfaction and user evaluation. Multi-media future requirements are
also outlined. Keywords: Customer facing systems integration interface | |||
| InCome: A System to Navigate through Interactions and Plans | | BIBAK | 905-909 | |
| Th. Fehrle; M. A. Thies | |||
| This paper presents a frontend to an intelligent help system based on plans
called InCome (Interaction Control Manager). It visualizes user actions
previously executed in a specific application as a graph structure and enables
the user to navigate through this structure. A higher level of abstraction on
performed user actions shows the dialog history, the interaction context and
reachable goals. Finally, the user is able to act on the application via
InCome by performing undo mechanisms as well as specifying user goals inferred
already by the help system. Keywords: Intelligent user support, Direct manipulation, Visualization, Supervision of
application, Tutoring | |||
| A Highly Efficient Situation Dependent Natural Language Help System for the Domain of Text Processing | | BIBAK | 910-914 | |
| Gerhard Heyer; Ralf Kese | |||
| The following research note presents the idea of a natural language help
system for text processing systems, and sketches its basic assumptions and
principles. The prototypical implementation of such a system for TA's and
OLIVETTI's text processing system DOCUMENT 1.1 on a 386 DOS-PC under Windows
2.11 is briefly described. Keywords: Natural language processing, Natural language interfaces, Help systems, Text
processing | |||
| Empirical Investigation of Different Explanatory Dialogue Styles | | BIBA | 915-919 | |
| Hilary Johnson; Peter Johnson | |||
| The knowledge that people recruit and acquire during the course of an explanatory dialogue is of significant importance to understanding how these dialogues are successfully carried out and ultimately how explanation and learning occur. In this paper a small-scale study is described which investigated the effects of different explanatory dialogue styles on knowledge acquisition by novices. The two dialogue styles manipulated were "active" giving strong spontaneous guidance and "passive", giving reactive guidance. A trend was found for the students in the active dialogue style to acquire more knowledge than the students in the passive condition. However, the difference between the two groups was small, and providing students with strong guidance was costly in terms of expert resources. | |||
| A Customizable Direct Manipulation User Interface with Automatic Generation of Help Information | | BIBAK | 920-924 | |
| C. Bach | |||
| When developing expert systems the user interface plays a major role for the
acceptance of the whole system. The user's need for flexibility in his working
style and the differences between users make it impossible to provide a rigid
user interface only. We present an adaptable user interface which provides
on-line help taking the actual customized user interface into account. Keywords: Direct manipulation user interfaces, Customization, On-line help | |||
| Explanations in an Intelligent Help System | | BIBAK | 925-929 | |
| Amedeo Cesta; Giovanni Romano | |||
| In this paper we describe the advice-giving and explanation processes of an
intelligent help system for a text processing program. The system is
knowledge-based and uses an extension of traditional planning techniques in
order to build complex explanations. We show the different strategies the
system adopts to present information. Keywords: Help systems, Advice-giving, Explanation, Planning | |||
| Interacting with Hybrid Knowledge Representation Systems | | BIBAK | 930-934 | |
| M. Migliorati; C. Bognasco | |||
| This paper describes BIT, a graphical environment specifically designed to
interact with the BACK hybrid knowledge representation system. Taking into
account difficulties arisen using this language we developed BIT as a set of
integrated graphical tools supporting the Knowledge Engineer during the
development and maintenance of large scale knowledge bases. Keywords: Graphical interfaces, Knowledge engineering, Knowledge representation,
Hybrid systems | |||
| An Automatic Debugging Method of Logic Programs by Using Static and Dynamic Analyses | | BIBAK | 935-939 | |
| Morio Nagata; Tetsuya Mishuku | |||
| Observing human debugging process, we propose an automatic method combining
both static and dynamic analyses of programs. In our method, static analysis
automatically detects suspicious points. Moreover, dynamic analysis compares
the results of their execution with the correct input/output behaviors supplied
by the human programmer to confirm these points. Our prototype system written
in the Prolog language can not only locate errors of programs but also suggest
how to correct these errors. Keywords: Automatic debugging, Logic programming, Static analysis of programs, Dynamic
analysis of programs, Prolog | |||
| A Framework for Modelling Dialogues in Interactive Systems | | BIBAK | 940-945 | |
| Thomas Schwab | |||
| This paper describes the domain independent mechanism MODIA for modelling
dialogues in interactive systems. MODIA provides a language for the system
designer to formulate typical tasks of an application system. Based on these
descriptions a task recognizer infers the tasks the user wants to perform
during the dialogue with the application system. In addition a task completer
provides the possibility to complete partially performed tasks automatically. Keywords: Adaptive systems, Dialogue modelling, Task descriptions, Task recognition,
Task completion | |||
| Knowledge Acquisition in Inductive Learning | | BIBAK | 946-950 | |
| P. Gerensky; V. Lefterov; V. Popov; G. Proykov; E. Tzolov | |||
| Adaptiveness of knowledge acquisition process according to the peculiarities
of the data is presented in the first version of the Knowledge Engineering
Rule-based System KERS. The main task of the system is to achieve highest
classification accuracy in interpreting examples, which can either enter or not
into the set of learning examples. The application of KERS v.1.0. in a
practical domain (a fodder base) is considered and the influence of the
system's adjustable parameters on classification accuracy and volume of the
extracted knowledge is traced. Keywords: Learning, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge models, Expert systems,
Intelligent control | |||
| Computer-Based Learning with Distributed Multimedia Systems | | BIBA | 953-958 | |
| Max Muhlhauser | |||
| This contribution will discuss possible influences of advances in information technology on computer based learning and instruction. A joint project of Universities and Digital Equipment, called Nestor, will be described which takes advantage of such advanced information systems. Emphasis is put on the use of a combined object-oriented / hypermedia approach, on multimedia and cooperative-work extensions, and on process modeling based on hypermedia navigation. | |||
| Multimedia Intelligent Tutoring of Human-Computer Interaction Procedures: An Experimental Evaluation | | BIBAK | 959-963 | |
| P. Brooks; A. Schmeling; P. F. Byerley | |||
| An experimental study examined whether additional media added to a tutoring
system will enhance effectiveness as measured by speed and accuracy of student
performance and opinions on the suitability of the system and its media types.
The examination also considered differences in student population. Students
received a tutorial incorporating either (a) text and graphics, (b) text,
graphics and sound or (c) text, photographs and sound. They were taught and
assessed for a computer-based task, a non-computer based procedure and a
non-procedural task. It was concluded that for training conventional
human-computer interaction skills full multimedia is not warranted for the
student types examined. However, important future technological developments
will be multimedia services and applications which should be accessible to as
wide a range of users as possible. Consequently, the full power of multimedia
tutorials will be necessary. Keywords: Intelligent tutoring system, Computer-based training, Multimedia, Evaluation | |||
| The Effect of Alternative Interface Techniques on the Automated Teaching of Pseudocode | | BIBK | 964-968 | |
| R. C. MacGregor; H. Hasan | |||
Keywords: Pseudocode, Interface, Icon, Menu, Hot-key | |||
| An Explorative Tutoring System Based on a Dynamic Critic-Expert Model | | BIBAK | 969-973 | |
| Alfred Zimmermann | |||
| An explorative tutoring system based on a DCE model is our way to integrate
problem solving activities and different types of tutoring information into a
consistent user interface. The paper describes the basic models and some
design decisions of a prototype. Keywords: Risk adapted problem solving, Guided discovery, Hyper tutoring, DCE (dynamic
critic-expert), Deep tutor informations | |||
| A Tutoring System Architecture to Support the Design Process | | BIBAK | 974-978 | |
| U. Dumslaff; D. Meyerhoff | |||
| The task of designing and implementing teaching software depends strongly on
the type of tutoring system intended and its architecture. The typical
architectures, namely conventional computer aided instruction systems,
hypertext systems, and intelligent tutoring systems, each have characteristic
features from the designers point of view. An alternative tutoring system
architecture will be introduced with the goal being to outline positive effects
on the designers task in comparison to the main approaches. Keywords: Authoring systems, Computer aided instruction, Hypertext, Intelligent
tutoring systems | |||
| Towards a Didactical Computer-Aided Design | | BIBAK | 979-983 | |
| R. Ahmed-Ouamer; P. Prevot | |||
| The courseware design and realization method developed for the elaboration
of an intelligent computer-assisted instruction (I.C.A.I.) system is briefly
described. The development of this system, for the cement factory's process
control training of Lafarge firm, has led us to propose a new courseware
methodology, which provides an integrated rapid prototyping environment,
proposing a set of methods, tools and techniques.
This environment of development called AGEDI (Atelier de GEnie DIdacticiel), is a computer-assisted courseware engineering applied to courseware specifications. Keywords: Knowledge base, Logic programming, Object oriented approach, Rapid
prototyping, Industrial I.C.A.I. | |||
| Computer Based Learning of Working Demands | | BIB | 984-988 | |
| B. Bergmann; B. Werner; J. Wiedemann | |||
| Technology and the Construction of Authoritative Knowledge | | BIBAK | 991-995 | |
| Brigitte Jordan | |||
| Within any particular social situation a multitude of ways of knowing exist,
but some carry more weight than others. Some kinds of knowledge are
discredited and devalued, while others become socially sanctioned,
consequential, "official," and are accepted as grounds for legitimate inference
and action. In this paper I explore the role of technology in the constitution
of such authoritative knowledge by drawing on videotaped data from two complex,
high-technology settings: an American obstetrics ward and an airlines
operations room. These cases are used as a means to illustrate some of the
linguistic, interactional, and artifactually-based mechanisms by which, in
high-technology settings, authoritative knowledge comes to be distributed,
displayed and used in particular ways. An understanding of these mechanisms is
crucial for the design of collaborative working and learning environments that
are conductive to getting necessary business done in an efficient way while, at
the same time, empowering their users. Keywords: Authoritative knowledge, Technology, Collaborative work | |||
| Task-Based Discretionary Security Considerations | | BIBAK | 996-1001 | |
| Gerhard Steinke | |||
| A secure system should provide a user with permission to access only that
information in the system which the user "needs to know". This paper suggests
that tasks should be the focus of this need to know principle. At any point in
time a user should be able to access only that information which is required
for the completion of an assigned task. We provide an example of how
task-based access permission is implemented in the Group Security model for a
knowledge base system. Keywords: Security, Discretionary access control, Knowledge base, Tasks | |||
| GAIN: An Integrated Expert System for Investment Consulting | | BIBA | 1002-1005 | |
| Cinzia Donalisio; Flora Resta; Maria Rita Spada | |||
| An Integrated Expert System for Investment Consulting, developed by Olivetti Systems & Networks, is described. The definition of the best portfolio for a possible client of the bank is investigated like a configuration problem. The main goal obtained by using this system, to support, not to substitute, the bank operators during a session of investment consulting, is analyzed. A brief description of the system architecture, through its four main modules, is given. | |||
| Remote Direct Manipulation: A Case Study of a Telemedicine Workstation | | BIBAK | 1006-1011 | |
| R. Keil-Slawik; C. Plaisant; B. Shneiderman | |||
| This paper describes our experience with the design of a remote
pathologist's workstation. We illustrate how our effort to apply direct
manipulation principles led us to explore remote direct manipulation designs.
The use of computer and communication systems to operate devices remotely
introduces new challenges for users and designers. In addition to the usual
concerns, the activation delays, reduced feedback, and increased potential for
breakdowns mean that designers must be especially careful and creative. The
user interface design is closely linked to the total system design. Keywords: User interface, Direct manipulation, Telemedicine, Remote control | |||
| Functional Allocation in Computerized Citrus Quality Inspection | | BIBAK | 1012-1016 | |
| A. Lidror; I. Prigojin; Z. Eilam | |||
| Allocation of functions concerning humans and computers is a highly relevant
and contradictory issue in human factors engineering. An effective
computerized quality inspection system was developed in which the statistical
inspection decisions were assigned to the computer. This strategy proved to be
very productive, in comparison with the conventional practice of assigning the
fraction of perceptual skill to advanced technologies, involving computers.
An algorithm for the highly complicated statistical sequential sampling procedure was developed, using PC support and easy-to-use, portable, custom-designed terminals. Much effort was expended to encourage user acceptance. A work saving of 26% was achieved and reliability was improved significantly. Keywords: Computerized system, Quality inspection, Functional allocation | |||