| Non-intrusive Haptic Interfaces: State-of-the Art Survey | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 1-9 | |
| Mohamed Yacine Tsalamlal; Nizar Ouarti; Mehdi Ammi | |||
| Haptic rendering technologies are becoming a strategic component of the new
Human-Machines Interfaces. However, many existing devices generally operate
with intrusive mechanical structures that limit rendering and transparency of
haptic interaction. Several studies have addressed these constraints with
different stimulation technologies. According to the nature of contacts between
the device and the user, three main strategies were identified. This paper
proposes to detail them and to highlight their advantages and drawbacks. Keywords: haptic interface; intrusive device; workspace; stimulation strategies | |||
| Thermal Feedback Identification in a Mobile Environment | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 10-19 | |
| Graham Wilson; Stephen Brewster; Martin Halvey; Stephen Hughes | |||
| Audio and vibrotactile feedback are not always suitable or desirable, as
noise and/or movement may mask them, and so thermal feedback may provide a
salient alternative. In this paper, the identification of 'thermal icons'
(structured thermal feedback) was tested as a means of conveying information
when users were sitting and walking in an outdoor location. Overall
identification rate for thermal icons was 64.6%, but identification of
individual parameters was promising, at 94% accuracy for direction of thermal
change (warming/cooling) and 73.1% accuracy for subjective intensity
(moderate/strong). Results showed that walking outdoors did not significantly
worsen icon identification compared to sitting outdoors, but the environmental
temperature had a strong influence. Recommendations are given on how better to
design and adapt thermal feedback for use in outdoor mobile scenarios. Keywords: Thermal feedback; mobile interaction; non-visual feedback | |||
| Cold or Hot? How Thermal Stimuli Are Related to Human Emotional System? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 20-29 | |
| Katri Salminen; Veikko Surakka; Jukka Raisamo; Jani Lylykangas; Roope Raisamo; Kalle Mäkelä; Teemu Ahmaniemi | |||
| The aim was to study emotional responses to thermal stimulation. Stimuli
were varied by increasing or decreasing temperature by 2, 4 or 6°C in
respect to the participants' hand temperature. The stimuli were either dynamic
(i.e. heated or cooled while touching) or pre-adjusted (i.e. heated or cooled
to the target temperature before touching). The results showed, for example,
that 6°C change in temperature was rated as unpleasant, arousing, dominant,
and avoidable especially when the stimulus was warm. 4°C increase was rated
as arousing, dominant, and pleasant. In addition, pre-adjusted 6°C increase
elevated the physiological arousal in terms of skin conductance response. Keywords: Affective haptics; Thermal stimulation; Human emotions | |||
| Potential Tissue Puncture Notification during Telesurgery | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 30-39 | |
| Rachael L'Orsa; Kourosh Zareinia; Liu Shi Gan; Chris Macnab; Garnette Sutherland | |||
| This paper proposes the use of vibrotactile feedback during telesurgery to
notify surgeons of potential tissue puncture. Puncture trials using an
experimental telesurgical apparatus were performed on an artificial membrane to
characterize general force ranges at which punctures occur. The average force
threshold during puncture was established, and human operators then attempted
to apply a maximum force to the membrane without causing a puncture via the
telesurgical apparatus. As the surgical tool-tip approached the pre-established
force threshold, a wrist-mounted haptuator worn by the operators vibrated a
warning. Warnings via different sensory modalities (auditory and tactile) were
compared both with and without force feedback. Results show that the use of a
warning via either sensory modality decreases the maximum force applied by the
operator, thereby decreasing the occurrence of unintentional punctures. The
inclusion of force feedback achieved similar results, though task completion
times were significantly increased. Keywords: haptics; haptuator; keyhole surgery; teleoperation; telesurgery; tissue
puncture | |||
| Visuo-haptic Tool for Collaborative Adjustment of Selections | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 40-49 | |
| Adrien Girard; Yacine Bellik; Malika Auvray; Mehdi Ammi | |||
| Mutual awareness between users working in collaborative virtual environments
is an important factor for efficient collaborations. Several studies have
reported that haptic feedback improves performance in collaborative tasks.
However, few researches have tried to evaluate the influence of haptic feedback
on mutual awareness, and to link the corresponding measures with the
performance and efficiency factors. In the context of collaborative 3D
polygonal modelling, we present a collaborative interaction method that
dynamically adjust the selection area of the different involved partners. The
aim of this interaction method is to improve the efficiency of collaborative
working by improving the partners' mutual awareness. The experimental
evaluation compares the proposed collaborative method of selection with a
standard and individual method of selection used in most polygonal modelling
software. The experimental results show an improvement in working efficiency
and a better work distribution between the partners. Moreover, the analysis of
awareness measure shows that the proposed approach balances self awareness and
mutual awareness. Keywords: Haptic feedback; polygonal modelling; shared situation awareness; selection
adjustment | |||
| Multi-command Tactile Brain Computer Interface: A Feasibility Study | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 50-59 | |
| Hiromu Mori; Yoshihiro Matsumoto; Victor Kryssanov; Eric Cooper; Hitoshi Ogawa; Shoji Makino; Zbigniew R. Struzik; Tomasz M. Rutkowski | |||
| The study presented explores the extent to which tactile stimuli delivered
to the ten digits of a BCI-naive subject can serve as a platform for a brain
computer interface (BCI) that could be used in an interactive application such
as robotic vehicle operation. The ten fingertips are used to evoke
somatosensory brain responses, thus defining a tactile brain computer interface
(tBCI). Experimental results on subjects performing online (real-time) tBCI,
using stimuli with a moderately fast inter-stimulus-interval (ISI), provide a
validation of the tBCI prototype, while the feasibility of the concept is
illuminated through information-transfer rates obtained through the case study. Keywords: tactile BCI; P300; robotic vehicle interface | |||
| Association of Haptic Trajectories to Takete and Maluma | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 60-68 | |
| Federico Fontana | |||
| An experiment has been made, in which participants grasping the stylus of a
robotic arm were physically guided along a jagged or rounded trajectory, and
then were asked to associate either trajectory to the word "takete" or
"maluma". A significant preference (nine out of eleven participants) for
associating the jagged trajectory to "takete" and the rounded trajectory to
"maluma" has been found, indicating the existence of a connectivity between
haptic trajectories and words. This result suggests to interaction designers to
avoid the association of counter-intuitive labels or verbal meanings to (yet
rarely used) structured synthetic kinesthetic messages ("haptons") that are
perceived as jagged or rounded. The experiment complements existing research on
cross-modal associations between stimuli belonging to other sensory channels,
such as vision or taste, and words having demonstrated verbal equivalence to
"takete" and "maluma". Furthermore, it raises interest on currently unanswered
questions about the perceptual importance of temporal aspects in the haptic
recognition of shapes by rectilinear or curvilinear contour patterns, and their
higher-level decoding and connectivity at cortical level. Keywords: takete and maluma; bouba and kiki; kinesthetic-verbal associations | |||
| Comparison of Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Affective Haptic Expressions | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 69-78 | |
| Yoren Gaffary; Victoria Eyharabide; Mohamed Yacine Tsalamlal; Jean-Claude Martin; Mehdi Ammi | |||
| Several studies were conducted to show the relevance of haptics for
conveying emotions to users. These studies usually cover recognition rate of
emotions from haptic expressions. Surprisingly, the analysis of features of
these haptic expressions has been in counterpart often limited to a classical
analysis of variance. This method is limited since it can neither highlight
multiple possible expressions of a given emotion nor compare several emotions
or features simultaneously. This paper presents a methodological approach for
collecting and analyzing haptic expressions of emotions. We compare three
statistical methods, namely analysis of variance, principal component analysis,
and clustering. Over this study we will highlight the advantages and drawbacks
of each method for the analysis of haptic expressions of emotions. Keywords: Emotion; Haptics; Experimental Study; Statistics | |||
| Plucked String Stiffness Affects Loudness Perception | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 79-88 | |
| Mounia Ziat; Ilja Frissen; Gianni Campion; Vincent Hayward; Catherine Guastavino | |||
| A great variety of interactions between senses, and between motor production
and senses, have been reported in previous research. In the present study, we
tested whether the mechanics of a plucked string affected how the sound it
produced was perceived. To test this hypothesis, we simulated the feel of a
plucked string using a high fidelity haptic force-feedback device and
simultaneously simulated its acoustic emission. This way, we could
independently manipulate the two sensory inputs -- how it felt and how it
sounded -- together with physical correct haptic interaction and with accurate
synchronization. This arrangement makes it very plausible that the two sensory
inputs came from a common source. We used a two-interval forced-choice
discrimination procedure to determine the point of subjective equality of the
loudness between a stiff and a soft plucked string. When the stiffness of the
string was low, the sound was perceived to be softer. Interestingly, this
effect was found only when the first string was less stiff than the second
string plucked during a comparison. The results are consistent with the inverse
effectiveness principle of multisensory integration. Keywords: loudness perception; haptic stiffness; auditory-tactile integration | |||
| Perceptual and Technological Issues in the Design of Vibrotactile-Augmented Interfaces for Music Technology and Media | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 89-98 | |
| Marcello Giordano; Marcelo M. Wanderley | |||
| In this paper we present tactile feedback and stimulation design principles
for applications in music technology and media. We discuss features and
limitations of the human sense of touch, in the context of conveying musical
content solely via the tactile sense. These factors should be firmly taken into
account when designing a tactile-augmented interface. Applications of tactile
displays in the field of music and media are then presented using a three-fold
taxonomy of tactile feedback. Keywords: haptics; vibrotactile feedback; vibrotactile stimulation; sensory
substitution; music technology | |||
| jamTable: Can Physical Interfaces Support the Collaboration between Novice and Experienced Musicians? | | BIBA | Full-Text | 99-108 | |
| Augusto Esteves; Filipe Quintal; Ian Oakley | |||
| This paper introduces jamTable, a system that enables the collaboration between users playing a standard musical instrument and users interacting with a tangible musical sequencer. In an introductory study both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from eight participants in two setup conditions: Musician-Musician and Novice-Musician pairs. By comparing the performance of participants in these two groups, this paper gathers relevant insights regarding the ability of a tangible musical application such as the jamTable to support musical collaborations between novice and experienced musicians -- in both learning or performance activities. | |||
| A Film-Type Vibrotactile Actuator for Hand-Held Devices | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 109-116 | |
| Sang-Youn Kim; Ki-baek Kim; Jaehwan Kim; Ki-uk Kyung | |||
| Vibrotactile actuators for small consumer electronic products, such as
mobile devices, have been widely used for conveying haptic sensation to users.
One of the most important things in vibrotactile actuators is to be developed
in the form of thin actuator which can be easily embedded into mobile devices
and to provide vibrotactile signals with wide frequency band to users. Thus,
this paper proposes a thin film type haptic actuator with an aim to convey
vibrotactile information with high frequency bandwidth to users in mobile
devices. To this end, a vibrotactile actuator which creates haptic sensation is
designed and constructed based on cellulose acetate material. A cellulose
acetate material charged with an electric potential can generate vibration
under the AC voltage input. It is found that the motion of the actuator can
have concave or convex shape by controlling a polarity of both charged
membranes and the actuator performance can be modulated by increasing level of
biased electric potential. The experiment clearly shows that the proposed
actuator creates enough output force to stimulate human skin with a large
frequency bandwidth and to simulate various vibrotactile sensations to users. Keywords: Vibrotactile; haptic actuator; transparent actuator; mobile device | |||
| Strike a Pose: Directional Cueing on the Wrist and the Effect of Orientation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 117-126 | |
| Sabrina Panëels; Lucie Brunet; Steven Strachan | |||
| Many wearable haptic devices have been developed for providing passive
directional cues, in the form of belts or back displays but these systems have
so far failed to make an impact in the public domain. One other potential
solution is a light, discrete and aesthetically acceptable vibrotactile
bracelet. However, contrary to these other systems, the wrist is subject to
rotations, therefore a controversial locus for vibrotactile feedback in a
navigational context. This paper presents a set of experiments aimed at both
determining the basic feasibility of using this kind of bracelet and to examine
to what extent the orientation of the user's wrist affects their perception of
directional cues both in static and mobile conditions. It was found that
changes in orientation have little negative effect overall, distraction being
more of a concern. Keywords: Vibrotactile; mobile; wearable; bracelet; haptic; wrist device | |||
| The Time Machine -- An Inclusive Tourist Guide Application Supporting Exploration | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 127-136 | |
| Kirsten Rassmus-Gröhn; Delphine Szymczak; Charlotte Magnusson | |||
| In the present paper we describe an inclusive tourist application, The Time
Machine, that allows users to explore an environment or be guided along a trail
while experiencing virtual sounds and get information (visual and auditory) at
key locations in the environment. We report the application design and
preliminary results from evaluations in a city environment. Results indicate
that the Time Machine is fun, stimulating and usable for a wide range of users. Keywords: mobile; interaction; haptic; audio; augmented reality; navigation; tourism;
user experience | |||