| The Psychology of Multimedia Databases | | BIBAK | PDF | 1-9 | |
| Mark G. L. M. van Doorn; Arjen P. de Vries | |||
| Multimedia information retrieval in digital libraries is a difficult task
for computers in general. Humans on the other hand are experts in perception,
concept representation, knowledge organization and memory retrieval. Cognitive
psychology and science describe how cognition works in humans, but can offer
valuable clues to information retrieval researchers as well. Cognitive
psychologists view the human mind as a general-purpose symbol-processing system
that interacts with the world. A multimedia information retrieval system can
also be regarded as a symbol-processing system that interacts with the
environment. Its underlying information retrieval model can be seen as a
cognitive framework that describes how the describe the design and
implementation of a combined text/image retrieval system (as an example of a
multimedia retrieval system) that is inspired by cognitive theories such as
Paivio's dual coding theory and Marr's theory of perception. User interaction
and an automatically created thesaurus that maps text concepts and internal
image concept representations, generated by various feature extraction
algorithms, improve the query formulation process of the image retrieval
system. Unlike most "multimedia databases" found in literature, this image
retrieval system uses the functionality provided by an extensible multimedia
DBMS that itself is part of an open distributed environment. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1); Information Systems -Database
Management - Database Applications (H.2.8); Information Systems -Models and
Principles - User/Machine Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems -Information
Storage and Retrieval - Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3); Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; Marr's theory of
perception, Paivio's dual coding theory, cognitive psychology and information
retrieval, user and domain knowledge in query formulation | |||
| Browsing the Structure of Multimedia Stories | | BIBAK | PDF | 11-18 | |
| Robert B. Allen; Jane Acheson | |||
| Stories may be analyzed as sequences of causally-related events and
reactions to those events by the characters. We employ a notation of plot
elements, similar to one developed by Lehnert, and we extend that by forming
higher level "story threads"
Stories may be analyzed as sequences of causally-related events and reactions to those events by the characters. We employ a notation of plot elements, similar to one developed by Lehnert, and we extend that by forming higher level "story threads". We apply the browser to Corduroy, a children's short feature which was analyzed in detail. We provide additional illustrations with analysis of Kiss of Death, a Film Noir classic. Effectively, the browser provides a framework for interactive summaries, video of the narrative. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1); Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2): Interaction styles;
Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory;
browsing, hypermedia, multimedia, narratives, plot, structure, summaries | |||
| Effects of Annotations on Student Readers and Writers | | BIBAK | PDF | 19-26 | |
| Joanna L. Wolfe | |||
| Recent research on annotations has focused on how readers annotate texts,
ignoring the question of how reading annotations might affect subsequent
readers of a text. This paper reports on a study of persuasive essays written
by 123 undergraduates receiving primary source materials annotated in various
ways. Findings indicate that annotations improve Findings indicate that
annotations improve recall of emphasized items, influence how specific
arguments in the source materials are perceived, decrease students' tendencies
to unnecessarily summarize. Of particular interest is that students'
perceptions of the annotator appeared to greatly influence how they responded
to the annotated material. Using this study as a basis, I discuss implications
for the design and implementation of digitally annotated materials. Keywords: Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems (H.1.2);
Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Content
Analysis and Indexing (H.3.1); Design, Documentation, Human Factors,
Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory; annotation, annotation systems
design, composition instruction, note-making, paper, reading | |||
| Beyond 2D Images: Effective 3D Imaging for Library Materials | | BIBAK | PDF | 27-36 | |
| Michael S. Brown; W. Brent Seales | |||
| Recent research on annotations has focused on how readers annotate texts,
ignoring the question of how reading annotations might affect subsequent
readers of a text. This paper reports on a study of persuasive essays written
by 123 undergraduates receiving primary source materials annotated in various
ways. Findings indicate that annotations improve recall of emphasized items,
influence how specific arguments in the source materials are perceived,
decrease students' tendencies to unnecessarily summarize. Of particular
interest is that students' perceptions of the annotator appeared to greatly
influence how they responded to the annotated material. Using this study as a
basis, I discuss implications for the design and implementation of digitally
annotated materials. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Library Automation
(H.3.6); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital
Libraries (H.3.7); Computing Methodologies -Document and Text Processing -
Document Capture (I.7.5): Scanning; Computing Methodologies -Image Processing
And Computer Vision - General (I.4.0); Design, Documentation, Human Factors,
Management, Performance, Theory; 3D scanning, acquisition, digital libraries,
digitization, document acquisition, historic preservation, preservation | |||
| Server Selection on the World Wide Web | | BIBAK | PDF | 37-46 | |
| Nick Craswell; Peter Bailey; David Hawking | |||
| Significant efforts are being made to digitize rare and valuable library
materials, with the goal of providing patrons and historians digital facsimiles
that capture the "look and feel" of the original materials. This is often done
by digitally photographing the materials and making high resolution 2D images
available. The underlying assumption is that the objects are flat. However,
older materials may not be flat in practice, being warped and crinkled due to
decay, neglect, accident and the passing of time. In such cases, 2D imaging is
insufficient to capture the "look and feel" of the original. For these
materials, 3D acquisition is necessary to create a realistic facsimile. This
paper outlines a technique for capturing an accurate 3D representation of
library materials which can be integrated directly into current digitization
setups. This will allow digitization efforts to provide patrons with more
realistic digital facsimile of library materials. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Online
Information Services (H.3.5): Web-based services; Information Systems
-Information Interfaces and Presentation - Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): Web-based interaction; Information Systems -Database Management -
Systems (H.2.4): Distributed databases; Information Systems -Information
Storage and Retrieval - Systems and Software (H.3.4): Distributed systems;
Design, Documentation, Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management,
Performance, Theory; World Wide Web, distributed information retrieval,
effectiveness evaluation, server selection | |||
| Compus: Visualization and Analysis of Structured Documents for Understanding Social Life in the 16th Century | | BIBAK | PDF | 47-55 | |
| Jean-Daniel Fekete; Nicole Dufournaud | |||
| This article describes the Compus visualization system that assists in the
exploration and analysis of structured document corpora encoded in XML. Compus
has been developed for and applied to a corpus of 100 French manuscript letters
of the 16th century, transcribed and encoded for scholarly analysis using the
recommendations of the Text Encoding Initiative. By providing a synoptic
visualization of a corpus and allowing for dynamic queries and structural
transformations, Compus assists researchers in finding regularities or
discrepancies, leading to a higher level analysis of historic source. Compus
can be used with other richly encoded text corpora as well. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Computing Methodologies -Document and Text Processing - Document
Preparation (I.7.2); Computer Applications - Arts and Humanities (J.5);
Computing Methodologies -Computer Graphics - Applications (I.3.8); Information
Systems -Database Management - Database Applications (H.2.8): Data mining;
Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Languages, Measurement, Management,
Performance, Reliability, Theory; SGML, TEI, XML, XSL, computers and the
humanities, history, information visualization, structured documents, visual
data mining | |||
| Visualizing Digital Library Search Results with Categorical and Hierarchical Axes | | BIBAK | PDF | 57-66 | |
| Ben Shneiderman; David Feldman; Anne Rose; Xavier Ferre Grau | |||
| Digital library search results are usually shown as a textual list, with
10-20 items per page. Viewing several thousand search results at once on a
two-dimensional display with continuous variables is a promising alternative.
Since these displays can overwhelm some users, we created a simplified
two-dimensional display that uses categorical and hierarchical axes, called
hieraxes. Users appreciate the meaningful and limited number of terms on each
hieraxis. At each grid point of the display we show a cluster of color-coded
dots or a bar chart. Users see the entire result set and can then click on
labels to move down a level in the hierarchy. Handling broad hierarchies and
arranging for imposed hierarchies led to additional design innovations. We
applied hieraxes to a digital video library of science topics used by middle
school teachers, a legal information system, and a technical library using the
ACM Computing Classification System. Feedback from usability testing with 32
subjects revealed strengths and weaknesses. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2): Graphical user interfaces (GUI); Computing Methodologies
-Computer Graphics - Applications (I.3.8); Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2): Interaction styles;
Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory;
categorical axes, digital libraries, graphical user interfaces, hierarchy,
hieraxes, information visualization | |||
| Re-Engineering Structures from Web Documents | | BIBAK | PDF | 67-76 | |
| Chuang-Hue Moh; Ee-Peng Lim; Wee-Keong Ng | |||
| To realize a wide range of applications (including digital libraries) on the
Web, a more structured way of accessing the Web is required and such
requirement can be facilitated by the use of XML standard. In this paper, we
propose a general framework for reverse engineering (or re-engineering) the
underlying structures i.e., the DTD from a collection of similarly structured
XML documents when they share some common but unknown DTDs. The essential data
structures and algorithms for the DTD generation have been developed and
experiments on real Web collections have been conducted to demonstrate their
feasibilty. In addition, we also proposed a method of imposing a constraint on
the repetitiveness on the element in a DTD rule to further simplify the
generated DTD without compromising their correctness. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Online
Information Services (H.3.5): Web-based services; Information Systems
-Information Interfaces and Presentation - Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): Web-based interaction; Software -Software Engineering - Distribution,
Maintenance, and Enhancement (D.2.7): Restructuring, reverse engineering, and
reengineering; Computing Methodologies -Artificial Intelligence - Problem
Solving, Control Methods, and Search (I.2.8): Heuristic methods; Computing
Methodologies -Document and Text Processing - Document Preparation (I.7.2):
XML; Algorithms, Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Languages, Management,
Performance, Theory; Web information discovery, XML | |||
| Knowledge-Based Metadata Extraction from PostScript Files | | BIBAK | PDF | 77-84 | |
| Giovanni Giuffrida; Eddie C. Shek; Jihoon Yang | |||
| The automatic document metadata extraction process is an important task in a
world where thousands of documents are just one "click" away. Thus, powerful
indices are necessary to support effective retrieval. The upcoming XML standard
represents an important step in this direction as its semistructured
representation conveys document metadata together with the text of the
document. For example, retrieval of scientific papers by authors or
affiliations would be a straightforward tasks if papers were stored in XML.
Unfortunately, today, the largest majority of documents on the web are
available in forms that do not carry additional semantics. Converting existing
documents to a semistructured representation is time consuming and no automatic
process can be easily applied. In this paper we discuss a system, based on a
novel spatial/visual knowledge principle, for extracting metadata from
scientific papers stored as PostScript files. Our system embeds the general
knowledge about the graphical layout of a scientific paper to guide the
metadata extraction process. Our system can effectively assist the automatic
index creation for digital libraries. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Software -Programming Languages - Language Classifications (D.3.2):
PostScript; Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval -
Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval models; Information Systems
-Information Storage and Retrieval - Content Analysis and Indexing (H.3.1):
Indexing methods; Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Languages, Measurement,
Management, Performance, Theory | |||
| Snowball: Extracting Relations from Large Plain-Text Collections | | BIBAK | PDF | 85-94 | |
| Eugene Agichtein; Luis Gravano | |||
| Text documents often contain valuable structured data that is hidden in
regular English sentences. This data is best exploited if available as a
relational table that we could use for answering precise queries or running
data mining tasks. We explore a technique for extracting such tables from
document collections that requires only a handful of training examples from
users. These examples are used to generate extraction patterns, that in turn
result in new tuples being extracted from the document collection. We build on
this idea and present our Snowball system. Snowball introduces novel strategies
for generating patterns and extracting tuples from plain-text documents. At
each iteration of the extraction process, Snowball evaluates the quality of
these patterns and tuples without human intervention, and keeps only the most
reliable ones for the next iteration. In this paper we also develop a scalable
evaluation methodology and metrics for our task, and present a thorough
experimental evaluation of Snowball and comparable techniques over a collection
of more than 300,000 newspaper documents. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Information
Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval models; Algorithms, Design,
Documentation, Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management,
Performance, Theory | |||
| Live from the Stacks: User Feedback on Mobile Computers and Wireless Tools for Library Patrons | | BIBAK | PDF | 95-102 | |
| Michael L. W. Jones; Robert H. Rieger; Paul Treadwell; Geri K. Gay | |||
| Digital library research is made more robust and effective when end-user
opinions and viewpoints inform the research, design and development process. A
rich understanding of user tasks and contexts is especially necessary when
investigating the use of mobile computers in traditional and digital library
environments, since the nature and scope of the research questions at hand
remain relatively undefined. This paper outlines findings from a library
technologies user survey and on-site mobile library access prototype testing,
and presents future research directions that can be derived from the results of
these two studies. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2); Computer Systems Organization -Computer System
Implementation - Microcomputers (C.5.3): Portable devices (e.g., laptops,
personal digital assistants); Information Systems -Information Storage and
Retrieval - Library Automation (H.3.6); Design, Documentation, Human Factors,
Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory; DL case studies, evaluation,
human-computer interaction, mobile and ubiquitous computing | |||
| A Study of User Behavior in an Immersive Virtual Environment for Digital Libraries | | BIBAK | PDF | 103-111 | |
| Fernando A. Das Neves; Edward A. Fox | |||
| In this paper we present a 2x3 factorial design study evaluating the limits
and differences on the behavior of 10 users when searching in a virtual reality
representation that mimics the arrangement of a traditional library. The focus
of this study was the effect of clustering techniques and query highlighting on
search strategy users develop in the virtual environment, and whether position
or spatial arrangement influenced user behavior. We found several
particularities that can be attributed to the differences in the VR
environment. This study's results identify: 1) the need of co-designing both
spatial arrangement and interaction method; 2) a difficulty novice users faced
when using clusters to identify common topics; 3) the influence of position and
distance on users' selection of collection items to inspect; and 4) that users
did not search until found the best match, but only until they found a
satisfactory match. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Computing Methodologies -Computer Graphics - Three-Dimensional
Graphics and Realism (I.3.7): Virtual reality; Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1):
Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities; Computing Methodologies -Pattern
Recognition - Clustering (I.5.3); Information Systems -Information Interfaces
and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2); Information Systems -Information
Storage and Retrieval - Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Search
process; Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management,
Performance, Theory; clustering, interaction design, query coloring, virtual
environments | |||
| Greenstone: A Comprehensive Open-Source Digital Library Software System | | BIBAK | PDF | 113-121 | |
| Ian H. Witten; Stefan J. Boddie; David Bainbridge; Rodger J. McNab | |||
| This paper describes the Greenstone digital library software, a
comprehensive, open-source system for the construction and presentation of
information collections. Collections built with Greenstone offer effective
full-text searching and metadata-based browsing facilities that are attractive
and easy to use. Moreover, they are easily maintainable and can be augmented
and rebuilt entirely automatically. The system is extensible: software
"plugins" accommodate different document and metadata types. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2): Interaction styles; Design, Documentation, Human Factors,
Management, Performance, Theory | |||
| A Mediation Infrastructure for Digital Library Services | | BIBAK | PDF | 123-132 | |
| Sergey Melnik; Hector Garcia-Molina; Andreas Paepcke | |||
| Digital library mediators allow interoperation between diverse information
services. In this paper we describe a flexible and dynamic mediator
infrastructure that allows mediators to be composed from a set of modules
("blades"). Each module implements a particular mediation function, such as
protocol translation, query translation, or result merging. All the information
used by the mediator, including the mediator logic itself, is represented by an
RDF graph. We illustrate our approach using a mediation scenario involving a
Dienst and a Z39.50 server, and we discuss the potential advantages and
weaknesses of our framework. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Software -Software Engineering - Interoperability (D.2.12);
Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Systems and Software
(H.3.4); Software -Software Engineering - Requirements/Specifications (D.2.1);
Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Languages, Management, Performance,
Theory; component design, interoperability, mediator, wrapper | |||
| Asynchronous Information Space Analysis Architecture using Content and Structure-Based Service Brokering | | BIBAK | PDF | 133-142 | |
| Ke-Thia Yao; In-Young Ko; Ragy Eleish; Robert Neches | |||
| Our project focuses on rapid formation and utilization of custom collections
of information for groups focused on high-paced tasks. Assembling such
collections, as well as organizing and analyzing the documents within them, is
a complex and sophisticated task. It requires understanding what information
management services and tools are provided by the system, when they appropriate
to use, and how those services can be composed together to perform more complex
analyses. This paper describes the architecture of a prototype implementation
of the information analysis management system that we have developed. The
architecture uses metadata to describe collections of documents both in term of
their content and structure. This metadata allows the system to dynamically and
in a content-sensitive manner to determine the set of appropriate analysis
services. To facilitate the invocation of those services, the architecture also
provides an asynchronous and transparent service access mechanism. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Systems and
Software (H.3.4); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management,
Performance, Theory; asynchronous service access, component architecture,
content and structure, data-driven brokering, information analysis, information
management, metadata | |||
| Developing Services for Open Eprint Archives: Globalisation, Integration and the Impact of Links | | BIBAK | PDF | 143-151 | |
| Steve Hitchcock; Les Carr; Zhuoan Jiao; Donna Bergmark; Wendy Hall; Carl Lagoze; Stevan Harnad | |||
| The rapid growth of scholarly information resources available in electronic
form and their organisation by digital libraries is proving fertile ground for
the development of sophisticated new services, of which citation linking will
be one indispensable example. Many new projects, partnerships and commercial
agreements have been announced to build citation linking applications. This
paper describes the Open Citation (OpCit) project, which will focus on linking
papers held in freely accessible eprint archives such as the Los Alamos physics
archives and other distributed archives, and which will build on the work of
the Open Archives initiative to make the data held in such archives available
to compliant services. The paper emphasises the work of the project in the
context of emerging digital library information environments, explores how a
range of new linking tools might be combined and identifies ways in which
different linking applications might converge. Some early results of linked
pages from the OpCit project are reported. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computing Methodologies -Document and Text Processing - Electronic
Publishing (I.7.4); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval -
Online Information Services (H.3.5): Web-based services; Information Systems
-Information Interfaces and Presentation - Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): Web-based interaction; Information Systems -Information Storage and
Retrieval - Library Automation (H.3.6); Design, Documentation, Human Factors,
Management, Performance, Theory; Open Archives, digital library information
architectures, distributed collections, electronic publishing, eprint archives,
open archives, reference linking | |||
| Patron-Augmented Digital Libraries | | BIBAK | PDF | 153-163 | |
| Dion Goh; John Leggett | |||
| Digital library research is mostly focused on the generation of large
collections of multimedia resources and state-of-the-art tools for their
indexing and retrieval. However, digital libraries should provide more than
advanced collection maintenance and retrieval services since the ultimate goal
of any (academic) library is to serve the scholarly needs of its users. This
paper begins by presenting a case for digital scholarship in which patrons
perform all scholarly work electronically. A proposal is then made for
patron-augmented digital libraries (PADLs), a class of digital libraries that
supports the digital scholarship of its patrons. Finally, a prototype PADL
(called Synchrony) providing access to video segments and associated textual
transcripts is described. Synchrony allows patrons to search the library for
artifacts, create annotations/original compositions, integrate these artifacts
to form synchronized mixed text and video presentations and, after suitable
review, publish these presentations into the digital library if desired. A
study to evaluate the PADL concept and the usability of Synchrony is also
discussed. The study revealed that participants were able to use Synchrony for
the authoring and publishing of presentations and that attitudes toward PADLs
were generally positive. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1); Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2); Computer Applications -
Computers in Other Systems (J.7): Publishing; Design, Documentation, Human
Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; digital scholarship, patron-augmented
digital libraries, publishing, user interfaces | |||
| A Speech Interface for Building Musical Score Collections | | BIBAK | PDF | 165-173 | |
| Lloyd A. Smith; Eline F. Chiu; Brian L. Scott | |||
| Building machine readable collections of musical scores is a tedious and
time consuming task. The most common interface for performing music data entry
is a mouse and toolbar system; using the mouse, the user selects a rhythm (note
shape) from a toolbar, then drags the note to the correct position on the
staff. We compare the usability of a hybrid speech and mouse-driven interface
to a traditional mouse-driven one. The speech-enhanced interface allows users
to enter note rhythms by voice, while still using the mouse to indicate
pitches. While task completion time is nearly the same, users (N=13)
significantly preferred the speech-augmented interface. A second study using
the first two authors of this paper (N=2) indicates that experienced users can
enter music 11% faster with the speech interface. Many users expressed a desire
to enter pitches, as well as rhythms, by speech. A third study, however, shows
that the recognizer is unable to reliably distinguish among A, B, C, D, E, F
and G (N=10). Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computing Methodologies -Artificial Intelligence - Natural Language
Processing (I.2.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and
Presentation - Sound and Music Computing (H.5.5); Information Systems
-Information Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2): Natural
language; Computing Methodologies -Artificial Intelligence - Applications and
Expert Systems (I.2.1): Natural language interfaces; Information Systems
-Information Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2): Interaction
styles; Design, Documentation, Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement,
Management, Performance, Theory; music digital libraries, music notation
editors, speech recognition, user interfaces | |||
| Preserving Digital Information Forever | | BIBAK | PDF | 175-184 | |
| Andrew Waugh; Ross Wilkinson; Brendan Hills; Jon Dell'oro | |||
| Well within our lifetime we can expect to see most information being
created, stored and used digitally. Despite the growing importance of digital
data, the wider community pays almost no attention to the problems of
preserving this digital information for the future. Even within the archival
and library communities most work on digital preservation has been theoretical,
not practical, and highlights the problems rather than giving solutions.
Physical libraries have to preserve information for long periods and this is no
less true of their digital equivalents. This paper describes the preservation
approach adopted in the Victorian Electronic Record Strategy (VERS) which is
currently being trialed within the Victorian government, one of the states of
Australia. We review the various preservation approaches that have been
suggested and describe in detail encapsulation, the approach which underlies
the VERS format. A key difference between the VERS project and previous digital
preservation projects is the focus within VERS on the construction of actual
systems to test and implement the proposed technology. VERS is not a
theoretical study in preservation. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Library
Automation (H.3.6); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management,
Performance, Reliability, Standardization, Theory; archiving, digital
preservation | |||
| Revolutionizing Name Authority Control | | BIBAK | PDF | 185-194 | |
| M. M. M. Snyman; M. Jansen van Rensburg | |||
| A new model has been developed for the standardization of names in
bibliographic databases. This paper describes the model and its implementation
and also compares it with an existing model. The results show that the new
model will revolutionize name authority control and will also improve on the
existing NACO model. A prototype that was developed also indicates the
technical feasibility of the model's implementation. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Database Management - Database Administration
(H.2.7); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management,
Performance, Security, Standardization, Theory, Verification; authority files,
library catalogue management | |||
| Content-Based Book Recommending using Learning for Text Categorization | | BIBAK | PDF | 195-204 | |
| Raymond J. Mooney; Loriene Roy | |||
| Recommender systems improve access to relevant products and information by
making personalized suggestions based on previous examples of a user's likes
and dislikes. Most existing recommender systems use collaborative filtering
methods that base recommendations on other users' preferences. By contrast,
content-based methods use information about an item itself to make suggestions.
This approach has the advantage of being able to recommend previously unrated
items to users with unique interests and to provide explanations for its
recommendations. We describe a content-based book recommending system that
utilizes information extraction and a machine-learning algorithm for text
categorization. Initial experimental results demonstrate that this approach can
produce accurate recommendations. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Information
Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Information filtering; Computing Methodologies
-Artificial Intelligence - Learning (I.2.6); Information Systems -Database
Management - Database Applications (H.2.8); Algorithms, Design, Documentation,
Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory;
information filtering, machine learning, recommender systems, text
categorization | |||
| Acrophile: An Automated Acronym Extractor and Server | | BIBAK | PDF | 205-214 | |
| Leah S. Larkey; Paul Ogilvie; M. Andrew Price; Brenden Tamilio | |||
| We implemented a web server for acronym and abbreviation lookup, containing
a collection of acronyms and their expansions gathered from a large number of
web pages by a heuristic extraction process. Several different extraction
algorithms were evaluated and compared. The corpus resulting from the best
algorithm is comparable to a high-quality hand-crafted site, but has the
potential to be much more inclusive as data from more web pages are processed. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Information
Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval models; Computing Methodologies
-Artificial Intelligence - Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search
(I.2.8): Heuristic methods; Information Systems -Information Storage and
Retrieval - Content Analysis and Indexing (H.3.1); Algorithms, Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory;
acronyms, information extraction | |||
| Scalable Browsing for Large Collections: A Case Study | | BIBAK | PDF | 215-223 | |
| Gordon W. Paynter; Ian H. Witten; Sally Jo Cunningham; George Buchanan | |||
| Phrase browsing techniques use phrases extracted automatically from a large
information collection as a basis for browsing and accessing it. This paper
describes a case study that uses an automatically constructed phrase hierarchy
to facilitate browsing of an ordinary large Web site. Phrases are extracted
from the full text using a novel combination of rudimentary syntactic
processing and sequential grammar induction techniques. The interface is
simple, robust and easy to use.
To convey a feeling for the quality of the phrases that are generated automatically, a thesaurus used by the organization responsible for the Web site is studied and its degree of overlap with the phrases in the hierarchy is analyzed. Our ultimate goal is to amalgamate hierarchical phrase browsing and hierarchical thesaurus browsing: the latter provides an authoritative domain vocabulary and the former augments coverage in areas the thesaurus does not reach. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2): Interaction styles; Information Systems -Information
Storage and Retrieval - Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval
models; Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Content
Analysis and Indexing (H.3.1): Thesauruses; Design, Documentation, Human
Factors, Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory | |||
| Document Overlap Detection System for Distributed Digital Libraries | | BIBAK | PDF | 226-227 | |
| Krisztian Monostori; Arkdy Zaslavsky; Heinz Schmidt | |||
| In this paper we introduce the MatchDetectReveal (MDR) system, which is
capable of identifying overlapping and plagiarised documents. Each component of
the system is briefly described. The matching-engine component uses a modified
suffix tree representation, which is able to identify the exact overlapping
chunks and its performance is also presented. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Systems and
Software (H.3.4): Distributed systems; Information Systems -Information Storage
and Retrieval - Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Search process;
Algorithms, Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management,
Performance, Theory; distributed system, overlap detection, string-matching,
suffix tree | |||
| Building Quality into a Digital Library | | BIBAK | PDF | 228-229 | |
| Hussein Suleman; Edward A. Fox; Marc Abrams | |||
| The Web Characterization Repository contains a collection of internet log
files used by researchers to analyze and improve on the architecture of the
Web. This repository improves on prior collections by thoroughly testing the
log files for format to assure a degree of data quality. Instituting quality
control into the digital library addressed many complex issues including
technical support for quality assessment, the definition of a workflow to
achieve quality control, the assignment of tasks to different people and the
definition and automation of quality assessment for log files. By reaching
realistic compromises on these issues it was possible to build quality control
as an integral part of the digital library. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computing Methodologies -Document and Text Processing - Document
Preparation (I.7.2): XML; Computing Milieux -The Computing Profession -
Testing, Certification, and Licensing (K.7.3); Design, Documentation, Human
Factors, Languages, Management, Performance, Theory, Verification; XML,
certification, quality, repository | |||
| Automatic Title Generation for EM | | BIBAK | PDF | 230-231 | |
| Paul E. Kennedy; Alexander G. Hauptmann | |||
| Our prototype automatic title generation system inspired by statistical
machine-translation approaches [1] treats the document title like a translation
of the document. Titles can be generated without extracting words from the
document. A large corpus of documents with human-assigned titles is required
for training title "translation" models. On an f1 evaluation score our approach
outperformed another approach based on Bayesian probability estimates [7]. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computing Methodologies -Artificial Intelligence - Natural Language
Processing (I.2.7): Machine translation; Design, Documentation,
Experimentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory;
document summarization, title assignment | |||
| MiBiblio: Personal Spaces in a Digital Library Universe | | BIBAK | PDF | 232-233 | |
| Lourdes Fernandez; J. Alfredo Sanchez; Alberto Garcia | |||
| This paper describes MiBiblio, a highly personalizable interface to large
collections in digital libraries. MiBiblio allows users to create virtual
places we term personal spaces. As users find useful items in the repositories,
they organize these items and keep them handy in their personal spaces for
future use. Personal spaces may also be updated by user agents. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Computing Methodologies -Artificial Intelligence - Distributed
Artificial Intelligence (I.2.11); Information Systems -Information Interfaces
and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2); Design, Documentation, Human
Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; agents, personal spaces,
personalization, user interfaces | |||
| Extracting and Visualizing Semantic Structures in Retrieval Results for Browsing | | BIBAK | PDF | 234-235 | |
| Katy Borner | |||
| The paper introduces an approach that organizes retrieval results
semantically and displays them spatially for browsing. Latent Semantic Analysis
as well as cluster techniques are applied for semantic data analysis. A
modified Boltzman algorithm is used to layout documents in a two-dimensional
space for interactive exploration. The approach was implemented to visualize
retrieval results from two different databases: the Science Citation Index
Expanded and the Dido Image Bank. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2): Interaction styles; Computing Methodologies -Pattern
Recognition - Clustering (I.5.3); Information Systems -Information Storage and
Retrieval - Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval models;
Algorithms, Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance,
Theory; Boltzman algorithm, LSA, browsing, conceptual clustering, digital
libraries, information visualization | |||
| Learning the Shape of Information: A Longitudinal Study of Web-News Reading | | BIBAK | PDF | 236-237 | |
| Misha W. Vaughan; Andrew Dillon | |||
| A concept called shape is proposed to experimentally examine the development
of users' mental representations of information spaces over time. Twenty five
novice users are exposed to two differently designed news web sites over five
sessions. The longitudinal impacts on users' comprehension, usability, and
navigation are examined. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - Group
and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3): Web-based interaction; Information Systems
-Information Storage and Retrieval - Online Information Services (H.3.5):
Web-based services; Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Hypertext/Hypermedia (H.5.4); Design, Documentation, Experimentation, Human
Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; World Wide Web, digital documents,
genre, hypertext, information spaces, longitudinal, usability, world wide web | |||
| Purpose and Usability of Digital Libraries | | BIBAK | PDF | 238-239 | |
| Yin Leng Theng; Norliza Mohd-Nasir; Harold Thimbleby | |||
| A preliminary study was conducted to help understand the purpose of digital
libraries (DLs) and to investigate whether meaningful results could be obtained
from small user studies of digital libraries. Results stress the importance of
mental models, and of "traditional" library support. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2); Design, Documentation, Experimentation, Human Factors,
Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory; "lost in hyperspace", usability,
used models | |||
| Automatic Hypermedia Generation for Ad Hoc Queries on Semi-Structured Data | | BIBAK | PDF | 240-241 | |
| Geert-Jan Houben; Paul De Bra | |||
| This paper describes research on the automatic generation of hypermedia or
Web-based presentations for semi-structured data resulting from ad-hoc queries.
We identify how different aspects of adaptation, such as personalization and
customization, influence the generation process. We address important aspects
of the software that facilitates the generation process. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1); Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - Hypertext/Hypermedia (H.5.4); Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; ad-hoc queries,
adaptation, customization, hypermedia generation, personalization,
semi-structured data | |||
| KeyLinking: Dynamic Hypertext in a Digital Library | | BIBAK | PDF | 242-243 | |
| Bob Pritchett | |||
| This paper describes KeyLinking, a framework for dynamic resolution of soft
and implied hypertext links to the most appropriate available resource at the
time of usage. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Hypertext/Hypermedia (H.5.4); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management,
Performance, Theory; dynamic linking, hypertext | |||
| Digital Library Access for Chinese Visually Impaired | | BIBAK | PDF | 244-245 | |
| Robert Luk; Daniel Yeung; Qin Lu; Eric Leung; S. Y. Li; Fred Leung | |||
| This paper describes our effort to make digital libraries (on the World Wide
Web or in CD-ROMs) accessible to the Chinese visually impaired via a (Web)
browser. The interface has an electromagnetic braille display for touch
reading, as well as a bilingual English-Chinese text-to-speech system. The
interface for navigating through the Web and the web pages is presented. Apart
from web navigation, Chinese data entry is difficult even for the sighted
users, due to the large Chinese character set. An advanced input method
designed for the Chinese visually impaired is discussed. It enables the
visually impaired to formulate both Boolean-type and natural language queries. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine
Systems (H.1.2); Computing Milieux -Computers and Society - Social Issues
(K.4.2): Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities; Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; accessibility,
assistive technology, browsing, digital library, the visually impaired, user
interface design | |||
| User Effort in Query Construction and Interface Selection | | BIBAK | PDF | 246-247 | |
| Paul Gerwe; Charles L. Viles | |||
| This study was designed to examine user beliefs and behavior on the
selection and use of search features and search interfaces. Five weeks of user
logs were taken from a user-targeted collection and surveys were administered
immediately before and after this time period. Survey results indicate a
significant correlation between a user's level of effort and their perceived
benefit from that effort. Reported search feature use increased by more than
35% over the five weeks. This raises the question of how the behavior of an
Internet user changes over time. Results from the log files were inconclusive
but suggest a reluctance to use the advanced search interface. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Information
Search and Retrieval (H.3.3): Search process; Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2); Information Systems
-Information Storage and Retrieval - Information Search and Retrieval (H.3.3):
Query formulation; Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Measurement,
Management, Performance, Theory | |||
| Evaluating the Use of a Geographic Digital Library in Undergraduate Classrooms: ADEPT | | BIBAK | PDF | 248-249 | |
| Gregory H. Leazer; Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland; Christine L. Borgman | |||
| The evaluation plan for the Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype (ADEPT)
centers on two investigations: a study of classroom use of the system by
faculty and students and lab-based usability studies. The classroom-based study
is primarily an investigation of the digital library's impact on student
learning, using multiple research methods. The five-year work plan includes
investigations of the use of ADEPT in non-geography classes. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Computing Milieux -Computers and Education - General (K.3.0);
Information Systems -Database Management - Database Applications (H.2.8):
Spatial databases and GIS; Information Systems -Information Interfaces and
Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2): Evaluation/methodology; Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; end-user
evaluation, student learning, usability study | |||
| Generating and Reintegrating Geospatial Data | | BIBAK | PDF | 250-251 | |
| Robert F. Chavez | |||
| The process of building a geospatial component to access existing materials
in the Perseus Digital Library has raised interesting questions about the
interaction between historical and geospatial data. The traditional methods of
describing geographic features' names and locations do not provide a complete
solution for historical data such as that in the Perseus Digital Library. Very
often data sources for a spatial database must be created from the historical
materials themselves. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Database Management - Database Applications
(H.2.8): Spatial databases and GIS; Information Systems -Database Management -
Logical Design (H.2.1): Schema and subschema; Design, Documentation, Human
Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; GIS, geography, geospatial
integration | |||
| New Technology and New Roles: The Need for "Corpus Editors" | | BIBAK | PDF | 252-253 | |
| Gregory Crane; Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox | |||
| Digital libraries challenge humanists and other academics to rethink the
relationship between technology and their work. At the Perseus Project, we have
seen the rise of a new combination of skills. The "Corpus Editor" manages a
collection of materials that are thematically coherent and focused but are too
large to be managed solely with the labor-intensive techniques of traditional
editing. The corpus editor must possess a degree of domain specific knowledge
and technical expertise that virtually no established graduate training
provides. This new position poses a challenge to humanists as they train and
support members of the field pursuing new, but necessary tasks. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Hypertext/Hypermedia (H.5.4); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management,
Performance, Theory; corpus linguistics, editing, hypertext | |||
| Relationship Among Copyright Holders for Use and Reuse of Digital Contents | | BIBAK | PDF | 254-255 | |
| Masayuki Kumazawa; Hironori Kamada; Atsushi Yamada; Hiroshi Hoshino; Yahiko Kambayashi; Mukesh Mohania | |||
| Modification and reuse of digital contents, particularly web data, has
become easy due to advancement in computer technology. The work created by a
person (or a group of persons) can be reused by another person (or group) for
different purpose. Thus, there can be multiple copyright holders for the same
information. In such scenario, it is important to define the relationship among
the copyright holders. There have been some attempts at designing the
Electronic Copyright Management System (ECMS) [6,7]. However, this system is
used for defining and registering the information of one copyright holder.
Another attempt to develop copyright management systems is reported in
[indecs]. The key feature of this system is that they have an RDF expression
for copyright metadata. When multiple creators take part in creating one
content or when contents are created reusing existing contents, it is vital to
define the relationship among copyright holders. This relationship should be
clarified in order to make proper allocation of profits and protect rights of
all the copyright holders. Therefore, a framework is required where the
relationship among copyright holders and profit allocations are described. In
this paper we outline the main points of such framework. We refer the readers
to see [tr-wmu] for a detailed description. The proposed framework also
represents copyright processing for multiple rights holders, it gives a
framework for realizing transaction systems where reuse for creating new
contents is promoted. In this paper we also outline the conceptual model
designed for describing copyright information, examining the relationship among
rights holders, and modeling charge rules. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computing Milieux -Legal Aspects of Computing - Hardware/Software
Protection (K.5.1): Copyrights; Computing Methodologies -Simulation and
Modeling - Applications (I.6.3); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Legal
Aspects, Management, Performance, Theory | |||
| A Licensing Model for Scholarly Textbases | | BIBAK | PDF | 256-257 | |
| Julia Flanders; Elli Mylonas | |||
| Smaller scholarly projects represent a sector of the digital library which
makes an important contribution to research on specialized text encoding,
retrieval, and interface design for scholarly audiences. Such projects,
however, face funding and publication challenges which threaten their long-term
survival. The Women Writers Project is using an unusual tier-based licensing
model to make the transition from grant-funded research project to independent
financial viability. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computing Methodologies -Document and Text Processing - Document
Preparation (I.7.2); Computer Applications - Administrative Data Processing
(J.1): Education; Computer Applications - Administrative Data Processing (J.1):
Business; Computing Methodologies -Simulation and Modeling - Applications
(I.6.3); Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Languages, Management,
Performance, Theory; DL, SGML, Women Writers Project, Women WritersProject,
business model, licensing, online distribution | |||
| The Open Video Project: Research-Oriented Digital Video Repository | | BIBAK | PDF | 258-259 | |
| Gary Geisler; Gary Marchionini | |||
| A future with widespread access to large digital libraries of video is
nearing reality. Anticipating this future, a great deal of research is focused
on methods of browsing and retrieving digital video, developing algorithms for
creating surrogates for video content, and creating interfaces that display
result sets from multimedia queries. Research in these areas requires that each
investigator acquire and digitize video for their studies since the multimedia
information retrieval community does not yet have a standard collection of
video to be used for research purposes. The primary goal of the Open Video
Project is to create and maintain a shared digital video repository and test
collection to meet these research needs. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation -
Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1): Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI);
Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Information Search and
Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval models; Design, Documentation, Human Factors,
Measurement, Management, Performance, Theory; digital video, metadata,
multimedia | |||
| A Digital Museum of Taiwanese Butterflies | | BIBAK | PDF | 260-261 | |
| Jen-Shin Hong; Herng-Yow Chen; Jieh Hsiang | |||
| Taiwan is renowned for its great variety of butterflies. There are about 400
species, a number of which unique to Taiwan, over its 36,500 sq km land. Last
year we built a comprehensive digital collection of Taiwan's butterflies to
provide a modern research environment on butterflies for academic institutions,
as well as an interactive butterfly educational environment for the general
public. Our digital museum emphasizes on the ease to use, and provides a number
of innovative features to help the user fully utilize the information provided
by the system. The digital museum is accessible through the Web at
http://digimuse.nmns.edu.tw. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computer Applications - Life and Medical Sciences (J.3): Biology and
genetics; Computing Milieux -Computers and Education - General (K.3.0);
Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Information Search and
Retrieval (H.3.3): Retrieval models; Information Systems -Information
Interfaces and Presentation - Multimedia Information Systems (H.5.1); Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; FAQ,
butterflies, content-based retrieval, courseware, digital museum | |||
| Experience in Implementing a Document Delivery Service | | BIBAK | PDF | 262-263 | |
| Francesco Gennai; Laura Abba; Marina Buzzi; Maria G. Balestri; Silvana Mangiaracina | |||
| In this paper we propose an integration between electronic mail and web
services for people such as library operators who need to send large files to
Internet users. The proposed solution permits libraries to continue using the
e-mail service to send large documents, but at the same time overcomes problems
that users can encounter downloading large size files with e-mail agents. The
library operator sends the document as an attachment to the destination
address, on fly the e-mail server extracts and saves the attachments in a
web-server disk file and substitutes them with a new message part that includes
the URL pointing to the saved document. The receiver can download these large
objects using a user-friendly browser. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Online
Information Services (H.3.5): Web-based services; Information Systems
-Information Interfaces and Presentation - Group and Organization Interfaces
(H.5.3): Web-based interaction; Information Systems -Information Systems
Applications - Communications Applications (H.4.3): Electronic mail; Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; Internet
document delivery service, MIME, Web, e-mail, library, web | |||
| Growth and Server Availability of the NCSTRL Digital Library | | BIBAK | PDF | 264-265 | |
| Allison L. Powell; James C. French | |||
| This paper reports on measurements of the NCSTRL digital library taken over
a two-year period. We report the growth of the system along two dimensions:
number of participating institutions and number of documents indexed by the
system. We also report an aspect of reliability for this distributed digital
library system. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Computer Systems Organization -Computer System Implementation -
Servers (C.5.5); Computer Systems Organization - Performance of Systems (C.4);
Computing Milieux -Management of Computing and Information Systems -
Installation Management (K.6.2): Performance and usage measurement; Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Measurement, Management, Performance,
Reliability, Theory | |||
| Designing a Children's Digital Library With and For Children | | BIBAK | PDF | 266-267 | |
| Yin Leng Theng; Norliza Mohd-Nasir; Harold Thimbleby; George Buchanan; Matthew Jones | |||
| This paper describes preliminary work carried out to design a children's
digital library of stories and poems with and for children aged 11-14 years
old. We describe our experience in engaging children as design partners, and
propose a digital library environment and design features to provide an
engaging, successful learning experience for children using it for
collaborative writing. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User
Interfaces (H.5.2); Information Systems -Information Interfaces and
Presentation - Group and Organization Interfaces (H.5.3); Design,
Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; collaborative
writing environment, design partners, digital library | |||
| "It's Infrastructure All the Way Down" | | BIBA | PDF | 271 | |
| Susan Leigh Star | |||
| What is infrastructure and how shall we know it? As libraries move partly to desktops, one of the challenges facing the digital library community becomes designing for distributed use across many kinds of local circumstance. These circumstances vary widely in terms of people, resources, support, and technical configurations. Designing for this variety means reconceptualizing "user meets screen" as "user meets infrastructure." This requires scaling up traditional design and evaluation methods, as well as a richer knowledge of the organizational and historical contexts of use. This talk addresses some of the methodological challenges involved in such work. | |||
| Implementing Digital Libraries | | BIBA | PDF | 275 | |
| Rebecca Wesley; Dan Greenstein; David Millman; Margery Tibbetts; Gregory Zick | |||
| This panel will address some of the practical issues of implementing digital
libraries. Everyone seems to agree that digital libraries are in their infancy.
Many of us watch in amazement as new developments occur. In the year 2000
building a production digital library means analyzing tradeoffs between
stability, innovation, and costs/benefits. In this panel we will address some
of the more interesting issues of digital library implementation.
One of the critical challenges is the economics of digital libraries. Institutions are forming consortia out of necessity and this raises issues of trust, cooperation and commitment. In order for institutions to deliver web-based resources effectively sophisticated cross-organizational access management tools are needed to authenticate and authorize. Institutions are developing new tools and exporting them from research departments into libraries. How well does this collaboration work? The above issues are only a sampling of the challenges this panel will explore. | |||
| Digital Library Use: Social Practice in Design and Evaluation | | BIBAK | PDF | 276-277 | |
| Ann P. Bishop; Clifford Lynch; Christine L. Borgmen; Catherine C. Marshall; Susan Leigh Star; Geoffrey C. Bowker | |||
| Digital Libraries (DLs) are social as well as technological entities. Their
purpose is to help people do knowledge work, to carry knowledge processes
across space and time. DLs are designed, used, and evaluated in a context of
work and community. And DLs interact with this context, changing and being
changed by it. Effective DLs must be designed and evaluated with a sensitivity
to how knowledge is created and understood, and work is done, in a context of
knowledge communities, which share practices and tools. DL use is a
socially-embedded process. DL development is likewise a complex social process.
This panel grows out of a book on social approaches to DL design and evaluation
-- currently in press -- to which the moderator and each panelist has
contributed a chapter. The purpose of the panel is to present socially grounded
approaches to understanding DLs; to identify and discuss major issues that
arise from these approaches and, more generally, from the social nature of DLs;
and to consider implications for the design and evaluation of DLs. Keywords: Information Systems -Information Storage and Retrieval - Digital Libraries
(H.3.7); Information Systems -Models and Principles - User/Machine Systems
(H.1.2); Computing Milieux -Management of Computing and Information Systems -
Installation Management (K.6.2): Performance and usage measurement; Information
Systems -Information Interfaces and Presentation - User Interfaces (H.5.2);
Design, Documentation, Human Factors, Management, Performance, Theory; design,
evaluation, social context Note: panel session | |||