| Comparison Knitting Skills Between Experts and Non-experts by Measurement of the Arm Movement | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-13 | |
| Kontawat Chottikampon; Shunyu Tang; Suchalinee Mathurosemontri; Porakoch Sirisuwan; Miyako Inoda; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| This research focused on the developing the capacity of knitting skill. The
comparison of skill between the experts with non-expert was study. The movement
of arms was measure to investigate the effect of arm movement on quality of
knitting fabric. The experiment was carried out on a video camera to record and
analyze the differences of the knitting speed and manner in knitting. The
quality of the fabric is measured by a loop of fabric to see the consistency of
the loop fabric is important and beautiful fabrics. The result is a procedure
used to crochet knitting machines are very different in appearance, knitting
and speed. The quality of the fabric is beautiful, similar to the use of a
knitting machine knitting. The main difference between them is only part of the
seams. Keywords: Knitting; Arm movement measurement; Knitting skill; Plain pattern | |||
| Comparison of Braiding Skills Between Expert and Non-experts by Eye's Movement Measurement | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 14-23 | |
| Kontawat Chottikampon; Suchalinee Mathurosemontri; Hitoshi Marui; Porakoch Sirisuwan; Akihiko Goto; Tadashi Uozumi; Miyako Inoda; Makiko Tada; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| A braiding rope is the Japanese traditional rope that a quality and beauty
of them have depended on the skill and experience of a braider. In this
research, the skill of a expert and two non-experts who practice the braiding
everyday and every week, respectively were measured and compared through the
eye's movement measurement and observed the braiding rope quality. The
measurement was carried out every month for three times. It was found that the
expert show the constant of eye's focus at the center of marudai plate and
reveled a complete pattern of braiding rope. For two non-experts, their eye's
movement wobbled around marudai plate for all trials. However, the braiding
speed and quality were developed by the regular training. There are no the
defects in the ropes in the trial 2 and 3. Keywords: Braiding; Kumihimo; Eye's movement measurement; Braiding skill | |||
| Effect of Skill Level Difference in the Polishing Process of the Maki-e Making Technique | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 24-34 | |
| Atsushi Endo; Hisanori Yuminaga; Chihiro Akatsuka; Takuya Sugimoto; Yutaro Shimode; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this research, "Maki-e" technique was focused. Maki-e technique is a
decoration technique of Urushi crafts technique. There is a polishing process
in the Maki-e making process. Maki-e surface is polished by a charcoal and
whetstone in the polishing process. Time-served technique is needed for this
process. Because this process affects a finish of Urushi crafts work, this
research aimed to clarify a relationship between a skill level difference of
craftspeople and a finish of Urushi crafts work in the polishing process by
using charcoal. Characteristics of the finish Urushi crafts work and how to use
a body of craftspeople was analyzed. As the results of this research, it was
confirmed that; 1. The expert's Maki-e specimen was more brightness and yellow
than the non-expert. 2. There was not much difference about the gloss and
surface roughness between the expert and the non-expert. 3. The expert took the
rhythmic activity in each muscle. Therefore it seemed that the finish of the
work became more beautiful. These results suggest that how to use the body
affects the finish of the Urushi crafts work in the polishing process. The
non-expert can improve the finish of the work and the level of polishing skill
by training the body position and motion like the expert. Keywords: Urushi crafts; Maki-e; Polishing; Color; Gloss; Surface roughness;
Electromyogram | |||
| Study on Method of Observing Maki-e Crafts Work in Urushi Craftspeople | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 35-45 | |
| Atsushi Endo; Noriyuki Kida; Yutaro Shimode; Isao Oda; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Urushi crafts is a representative traditional crafts in Japan. Good Urushi
crafts work had made in various periods in history in Japan, and it has been
kept by the policymaker, shrine, temple and a person on the street. Urushi
crafts work is damaged and Urushi comes off over a course of a long period of
time. Urushi craftspeople need to identify the characteristics and conditions
of the work when it is repaired because they can't repair the work
appropriately. When the craftspeople identify the characteristics and
conditions of the work, they observe the work by the naked eye. This
observation technique is called "Mitate". This research aimed to know
difference of a motion of the Urushi crafts work between the expert Urushi
craftspeople and the non-expert Urushi craftspeople when they conduct the
Mitate. The motion of the specimen and subject's head were measured when the
expert and non-expert Urushi craftspeople conducted the Mitate of the Maki-e
specimen. As the results, it is found that the expert can identify the change
in appearance of Maki-e surface by moving the specimen up and down a little.
Furthermore, he can skip the up-and-down motion and shorten the observation
time by comparing one specimen with the other specimen in the case of the
different number of the gold powder. Keywords: Urushi crafts; Maki-e; Mitate; Expert; Non-expert; Motion analysis | |||
| Comparison of Description Skill on Characteristics of the Urushi Crafts Work Between Expert Craftspeople and Non-expert Craftspeople | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 46-57 | |
| Atsushi Endo; Mari Shimode; Yutaro Shimode; Seishi Namiki; Noriaki Kuwahara; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Many of Urushi crafts works have been collected as an art in the museum and
art museum. They have been treasured, but some of them spent several hundred
years being made, and need to be repaired. Urushi crafts people can repair
these works. Before they repair them, they need to observe the condition of the
work by the naked eye. This observation is called "Mitate". Expert Urushi
craftspeople can identify many characteristics by conducting the Mitate, and
they can plan to repair the Urushi crafts work. This research aimed to examine
how to understand the characteristics of the making process in the Urushi
craftspeople. Urushi craftspeople conducted the Mitate, and they described the
making process, material and so on. As the result, it is found that the Urushi
craftspeople with long year of experience can identify the detail
characteristics like the number of metallic powder in the Maki-e making
process. Keywords: Urushi crafts; Maki-e; Craftspeople; Expert; Non-expert; Mitate | |||
| Analysis of Eye Movement of Caregiver Concerning on Transfer Operation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 58-65 | |
| Akihiko Goto; Mengyuan Liao; Yuka Takai; Takashi Yoshikawa; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| As well known, nowadays Japan is one of the several "super-ageing societies"
all around the world. The aging of Japan is thought to outweigh all other
nations, as the country is purported to have the highest proportion of elderly
citizens; 33.0% are above age 60, 25.9% are aged 65 or above, 12.5% aged 75 or
above, as of Sep 2014. The increasing proportion of elderly people also had a
major impact on increased burden for caregivers. Due to a shortage of expert
nursing staff, training caregivers for long-term care facilities has also
become a growing concern. Therefore, in order to help speed up training
process, one of the popular care processes "transfer operation" between bed and
wheelchair was examined. In this study, elder staff's eye movements during
transfer was measured and compared between expert, non-expert and beginner
caregiver. Comparing with beginner without experience, caregivers with
occupational experience were found to pay more attention on elder's body with
longer eyes rested duration according to eye movement track. Especially, expert
caregiver's skillful care process was also clarified, during which he put less
time than non-expert to focus the objects such as bed, wheelchair and so on.
Eye moving characteristic and difference between expert and non-expert
suggested that transfer care assistance could be improved by instructing the
caregivers to focus on specific parts of elder's body effectively. Keywords: Caregiver; Eye movement; Transfer operation | |||
| Analysis of the Skills to Acupuncture | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 66-73 | |
| Yoshio Ikai; Masakazu Migaki; Noriyuki Kida; Hidehisa Iwamoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In Japan, health care has been carried out by Western medicine, but
acupuncture has been handled in a different form from the health care system of
Western medicine. Not only doctors and dental doctors, but also acupuncturists
have rights to practice. Therefore, Japanese acupuncture is responsible for the
treatment of disease and the health maintenance and promote. Japanese
acupuncture has been widely used in a variety of diseases and symptoms in the
medical field. In addition, since acupuncture be performed using a simple
means, it is possible also performed in an area that does not meet the medical
institutions. For acupuncture, in order to play a role in the medicine, it is
necessary to academic support, and it is required the achievements and steady
research. Although it has been accumulated research results with respect to the
reaction of the body caused by acupuncture, there is not research relating to
the operation of acupuncturists to acupuncture. Therefore, the purpose of this
study is to target acupuncture with advanced technology, and it was performed
motion analysis. As a result, we clarified the acupuncture motion skill of
high-skilled acupuncturist. Keywords: Acupuncture; Motion analysis; DLT method; z component; z coordinate | |||
| Differences in How Long an Ikebana Work Lasts Depending on the Skill Used in Cutting Floral Materials | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 74-82 | |
| Yuki Ikenobo; Zelong Wang; Yusuke Shiraishi; Akihiko Goto | |||
| Ikebana (Japanese flower arrangement), one of the Japanese traditional arts,
requires the use of a pair of special steel scissors to compose an arrangement.
Although to cut materials with the special type of scissors plays a crucial
role in the composition of arrangements, the analyses of the cutting motion
have not been taken so far. Comparing the cutting motion between non-experts
and experts, it is found that non-experts cut in a slow speed, and on the
contrary, experts cut rapidly in a short time. Normally, it is considered that
the cutting strength has an effect on the duct of the material and influences
the condition of the water absorption. However, there are no specific
differences of the material's cut surface between non-experts and experts'
cutting. The degradation of the material after cutting was not observed as
well. It is assumed to be the reason that the original condition of the
material was good and the material was preserved well after cutting. Therefore,
we hope to analyze the original condition of the material, researching more
about the different usage of the scissors and the influence brought by the
usage hereafter. Keywords: Scissor; Process analysis; Water potential; Cutting speed | |||
| Study of Caregivers' Skills for Monitoring Senior Residents | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 83-94 | |
| Mikako Ito; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Noriaki Kuwahara | |||
| As of September, 2015, the Japanese population over 65-years old was found
to be aging at a rate of 25.0%. The results determined that the rate of aging
for this sector of the Japanese population makes Japan one of the most aged
societies in the world. As the aging population continues to increase in size,
we anticipate that more nursing will be necessary to accommodate the future
needs of seniors. Due to the complex nature and challenging field of senior
care, nursing homes experience high employee turnover rates. The shortage of
skillful employees is problematic, so the option of training employees without
a nursing background may be an integral part of the solution. The least
favorite part of nursing care among nursing-home workers is monitoring or
keeping an eye on the senior residents. Caregivers are required to keep the
care receivers safe, engage them in conversation, help them maintain a healthy
state of mind -- all while carrying out their designated routine. They have to
constantly stay alert so that the elderly don't make sudden movements that make
them lose their balance and fall, choke on their meals, fight with other
elderly residents, or wander out of the caregivers' field of vision. There is
no manual on how to best monitor the elderly. There are no pointers that come
with photos -- as in transfer techniques -- when it comes to taking care of the
elderly. Because one does not have access to visual or audio demonstrations
during classes on nursing care, students who specialize in nursing care have to
learn on the job. The comfort level of the elderly is largely determined by the
quality of the caregivers' monitoring skill, how they use their voices and how
they relate to their care receivers. The difference in experience between a
skilled and a unskilled caregiver can mean the difference in the number of
accidents. Keywords: Nursing home; Skill to watch; Skill to plan | |||
| Research on the Performance of Three Tea Whisks of "The Way of Tea" with Different Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 95-103 | |
| Soutatsu Kanazawa; Tomoko Ota; Zelong Wang; Akihiro Tada; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, three kinds of Japanese tea whisks' influence on bubble form
in "the way of tea" process were investigated. The bubble form and distribution
state by each whisk after 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% of tea making finishing time
were recorded and analyzed through numerical processing. In order to verify the
quality of tea whisk, two tea masters were employed as expert and non-expert,
and three kinds of tea whisks' performance were evaluated and compared during
the whole tea making process. The expert can controlled three tea whisks very
well. Keywords: The way of tea; Tea whisk; Bubble form; Japanese tea | |||
| Effects of Quantified Instructional Tool on Spray-up Fabrication Method | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 104-113 | |
| Tetsuo Kikuchi; Erika Suzuki; Yiyi Zhang; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Spray up fabrication has been used for forming composite structures since
ancient times as it can be performed as long as the mold, skills, and materials
are available. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of
skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. In
this study, the authors thus conducted a motion analysis experiment using
spray-up fabrication experts as subjects. The experiment, seemingly a new and
only attempt in Japan, quantified techniques that are not visibly apparent and
considered to be tacit knowledge. The dimension stability of samples was
measured, and their relationships with the motions of experts were also
evaluated. It was also suggested that highly specialized control techniques,
the appropriate training of non-experts, and technical tradition are possible. Keywords: Spray up fabrication; Dimension stability; Motion analysis; Composites;
Explicit knowledge | |||
| An Investigation on Conversion from Tacit Knowledge to Explicit Knowledge in Hand Lay-Up Fabrication Method | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 114-123 | |
| Tetsuo Kikuchi; Erika Suzuki; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Hand lay-up fabrication has been used for forming composite structures since
ancient times as it can be performed as long as the mold, skills, and materials
are available. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of
skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. In
this study, the authors thus conducted a motion analysis experiment using hand
lay-up fabrication experts as subjects. The experiment, seemingly a new and
only attempt in Japan, quantified techniques that are not visibly apparent and
considered to be tacit knowledge. The mechanical properties and dimension
stability of samples were measured, and their relationships with the motions of
experts were also evaluated. It was also suggested that highly specialized
control techniques, the appropriate training of non-experts, and technical
tradition are possible. Keywords: Hand lay-up; Dimension stability; Motion analysis; Composites; Explicit
knowledge | |||
| Process Analysis of Manufacturing of Sewing Scissors by All Forging Process and Understanding of Its Sharpness | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 124-132 | |
| Yasuko Kitajima; Kazuki Kito; Masakazu Migaki; Kanji Matsumuro; Yasuhiko Murata; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In Japan there are several types of scissors such as pruning scissors,
flower scissors, U-shaped scissors, and sewing scissors and so on. Among them
sewing scissors was introduced when the black ships of Commodore Perry came
from the United States in the last Edo period almost 160 years ago. The shape
and size of sewing scissors have been changed to fit Japanese people. Yakichi
Yoshida started Japanese sewing scissors by his own manufacturing process; all
a forging process. His technique was distributed to many persons who learned
his process through implicit knowledge base. According to the family tree
starting with Yakichi, there has been a spread to the manufacturing family of
23. However at present only one person is remained. He is still making the
cutlery which has very good reputation among high ranking wear making persons
and other high quality manufacturing persons. In order to preserve this
manufacturing technique the process analysis was performed through video
recording and the records were put in this paper. The process was divided into
9 steps such as Preparation, Making the ring, Making part of the blade, Making
the neck part, Grinding, Finishing machinery, Quenching, Finish grinding, Post
finishing, Normally the expert needs dozens of years for the whole process,
therefore the number of products per day is very small. In the case of cutting
some materials two blades contact each other at very small part. Small as
possible makes sharp cutting because of stress concentration at the cutting
point. In order to create this phenomenon the inside of the blade should not be
a flat surface; instead the surface is required to be dented. This dented
surface was made at the third step, and particularly only one sub process can
make it. Our further study will be made for more accurate time analysis and
also the bending process will be focused to understanding the secret of sharp
cutting. Keywords: Sewing scissors; Process analysis; Skill succession | |||
| Expert vs. Elementary Skill Comparison and Process Analysis in VaRTM-Manufactured Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 133-142 | |
| Yasunari Kuratani; Kentaro Hase; Takahiro Hosomi; Tomoe Kawazu; Tadashi Uozumi; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| VaRTM requires a preform to be manufactured before molding. However, it is
often said that the accuracy of the preform affects the mechanical properties
of the mold. Despite the progression of investigations into the automization of
this process in recent years, preforms manufactured by hand still make up the
majority, and the accuracy of these preforms lies in the ability of the worker.
In this study, we have instructed three subjects with varying amount of years
of experience working with composite materials, and manufactured VaRTM
moldings. By analyzing the time taken, attitude and posture, and use of tools
within the work process when layering, and by conducting an interlaminar shear
strength test, we have acquired good results within the product quality of the
mold, working time, and interlaminar shear strength in order of the number of
years of experience. In the future, we will continue to research this subject
so that we can focus on the creating a setup that has the same, consistent
accuracy, regardless of the worker manufacturing the preform. Keywords: CFRP; Vartm; Process analysis; Year of experience; Working posture | |||
| The Relationship Between Mechanical Properties and the Method Technique of GFRP Plate by Hand Lay-up Method: Effect of the Workers Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 143-153 | |
| Masakazu Migaki; Keisuke Ono; Ryo Takematsu; Yusaku Mochizuki; Eijutsu Ko; Daiki Ichikawa; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The aim of this research was focused on the relationship between the skill
of an operator in the hand lay-up molding method and the mechanical properties
of the molding composites. Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) plates were
prepared using the hand lay-up method by five inexperience operators. The
materials of GFRP included unsaturated polyester resin and chopped glass fiber
mat. The working procedure of all operators was recorded by a video camera.
Mechanical properties of the GFRP plates were carried out by tensile testing.
The load-displacement curve was illustrated, which was used for characterizing
the molding technique of various operators. The relationship of working times
and mechanical strength of the GFRP was characterized, which impacted on the
mechanical properties of the specimens. From the results, the relationship was
considered separately in the first half and the second half of the working
times. From the results, the step of degassing squeeze out air was
significantly influenced the mechanical strength of the GFRP products.
Therefore, the degassing step with the iron bar was the most affected on the
mechanical properties of the GFRP plate making by the inexperience operator. It
can be noted that the fully degassing out of the molding product strongly
suggested for the hand lay-up method in order to maintain the high strength of
the GFRP products. Keywords: Hand lay-up; Glass cloth; Polyester; Impregnation; Composite | |||
| Researching Sounds Generated During the Second Lining Pounding Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 154-164 | |
| Yasuhiro Oka; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Keisuke Ono; Kozo Oka | |||
| Japanese calligraphy and works of art, which are written and painted on
paper and silk, are often lined with Japanese washi paper and strengthened from
the reverse side. They are then treated with various binding methods based on
the purpose of the item and how it is intended to be viewed. The hanging
scroll, which is a perfect example of a binding format, is only displayed when
it is meant to be viewed and is hung on an alcove or beam. When it is finished
being used, it is rolled up tightly from the bottom and stored in a box. In
order to repeatedly roll up and open a hanging scroll smoothly, the hanging
scroll is lined with several layers of Japanese washi paper, which are pasted
onto the reverse side of the scroll. A paste with a low adhesive strength which
has been further diluted is used to prevent the adhesive from hardening after
it has dried. The joined surfaces are then pounded with a brush to enhance the
adhesion. The level of expertise of this technique is determined by the sound
that is generated when pounded using the traditional method. This research
measures the sound generated when the joined surfaces are pounded by an expert
and a non-expert with the purpose of evaluating the specific features of both
sets of sounds. Keywords: Amplitude; Hanging scroll; Pounding brush | |||
| EMG Activity Analysis of Expert Skills on Handheld Grinding Work for Metallographic Sample | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 165-173 | |
| Takuya Sugimoto; Hisanori Yuminaga; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Akihiko Goto | |||
| Carburizing is the most common heat treatment process for hardening ferrous
alloy. The quality assurance of carburizing process requires metallographic
analysis of case depth, retained austenite, intergranular oxidation, and
carbide network by means of metallographic sample. Metallographic preparation
consists of sectioning, mounting, plane grinding, polishing to mirror surface.
It is difficult for non-expert to prepare metallographic sample with global
mirror surface because preparation skill needs long time experience in this
field. In this study, the difference of EMG activity during handheld grinding
motion for metallographic specimen between expert and nonexpert execution was
analyzed. The expert's abductor pollicis brevis, extensor carpi radialis
brevis, and triceps brachii were working activity than the other muscles. We
considered that these muscle activity balance by the expert contribute to the
stable grinding conditions and good surface finish. Keywords: Grinding; Expert; Metallographic preparation; EMG | |||
| Difference in Polishing Process of FRP Between Expert and Non-expert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 174-181 | |
| Takuya Sugimoto; Daiki Ichikawa; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Yoshiaki Yamato; Akihiko Goto | |||
| One of the quality assurance methods for steel and composite materials is to
verify material constitutes and structures of polished specimens by microscope.
We prepared a sample used for microscope analysis in the following method:
first, cut a sample from the cross-section, and mount with the epoxy resin, and
then grind it. This process requires long craftsmen's experience to grind a
sample properly for microscope test. In this research, we comparably evaluated
the differences in grinding sound and comprehension skills between the expert
and the non-expert. As a result, we found that the expert was more sensitive to
the difference in the sounds generated during grinding process. He comprehended
the state of a grinding sample by the sound generated during grinding and
adjusted his grinding force in a wider range. Keywords: Polish; CFRP; Expert; Microscopic analysis | |||
| An Investigation on Skillful Gel-Coat Techniques and its Application to Beginner's Application | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 182-191 | |
| Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Gel Coating has been used for forming composite structures since ancient
times. On the other hand, gel coating work itself relies on human skills, which
means that the finish differs according to the operator carrying out the work,
the quality of the product differs among parts depending on the ease of
forming. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of skill
are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. Therefore,
in this study, motion analysis experiment of gel coating experts by MAC 3D
System was conducted to obtain objective data on an expert applier's skills
(the default value) with compared to the non-expert one. Furthermore,
dimensional stability measurements were made, and an investigation of the
correlation to an expert's application techniques was conducted in order to
pass the suitable training and communicating technical skills to advanced
management engineering and inexperienced appliers. Keywords: Dimension stability; Motion analysis; Explicit knowledge | |||
| Numerical Analysis on "Kana-Ami" Structure Between Expert and Non-expert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 192-200 | |
| Zelong Wang; Ken-ichi Tsuji; Toru Tsuji; Koji Ishizaki; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| "Kana-ami" is a kind of metal wire network in Japan, which was once
prevailed many years ago in the old Japan and has been decreased in the
development of social industrialization. In previous research, the
characteristics of the "Kana-ami" hexagonal structure were clarified, the metal
wire net of "Kana-ami" made by expert presented the convex shape in vertical
direction so that helps buffer the fall. The results confirmed the superiority
of the product made by expert. In this research, the actual structure of
"Kana-ami" was clarified by X-Ray. And the advantage of the expert's product
was confirmed. The three-dimensional analysis method was applied to present the
different actual structure. Keywords: Kana-ami; Three-dimensional scanning; X-Ray; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Motion Analysis of Interval Time During "Kana-ami" Making Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 201-211 | |
| Zelong Wang; Ken-ichi Tsuji; Toru Tsuji; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, the motion making technique of Japanese traditional
handicraft was analyzed by motion analysis system. Two experts were employed as
expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of interval time for each
main work process was paid attention. The subjects' interval timing during the
weaving process was clarified to investigate the proficiency of weaving
technique quantitatively. It is found that expert was able to go into working
state easily. Keywords: Kana-ami; Interval timing; Motion analysis; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Brain Activity Analysis on "Kana-Ami" Making Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 212-219 | |
| Zelong Wang; Ken-ichi Tsuji; Toru Tsuji; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, the brain wave activity and saliva α-armylase for
expert and non-expert was measured during five test of "Kana-ami" fatigue. Two
experts were employed as expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of
subjects' working state and physical condition for each trial test was paid
attention. It is found that expert was able to keep charging and concentrate
working state even the body under the fatigue condition. Keywords: Kana-ami; Brain wave; Saliva α-armylase; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Human Performance Modeling for Dynamic Human Reliability Analysis | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 223-234 | |
| Ronald Laurids Boring; Jeffrey Clark Joe; Diego Mandelli | |||
| Part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Light Water Reactor
Sustainability (LWRS) Program, the Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization
(RISMC) Pathway develops approaches to estimating and managing safety margins.
RISMC simulations pair deterministic plant physics models with probabilistic
risk models. As human interactions are an essential element of plant risk, it
is necessary to integrate human actions into the RISMC risk framework. In this
paper, we review simulation based and non simulation based human reliability
analysis (HRA) methods. This paper summarizes the foundational information
needed to develop a feasible approach to modeling human interactions in RISMC
simulations. Keywords: Human reliability analysis; Probabilistic risk assessment; Simulation;
Modeling | |||
| Improvement of Needle Bar in Textile Machine by Hitting Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 235-244 | |
| Kontawat Chottikampon; Suchalinee Mathurosemontri; Hitoshi Marui; Ryo Marui; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The research conducted was to study the hitting process of a needle bar used
within textile machinery and how to improve its efficiency and performance. A
needle bar consists of a brass bar attached with a number of small pins. The
primary focus was learning technique while straightening the needle bar. In
order to join pins and brass bar together, the soldering is applied. The result
from the heat transfer during soldering process can cause the brass pins to
bend, which is undesirable for finished product. A soldering expertise uses
hitting movement technique to modify and straighten the brass bar. Even though
soldering process is the only step in making the brass bar; however, its method
is considered very complicated and requires refinement and specialization from
the maker. Keywords: Needle bar; Hitting process; Linking machine | |||
| Towards a Theory for Bio-Cyber Physical Systems Modelling | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 245-255 | |
| Didier Fass; Franck Gechter | |||
| Currently, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) represents a great challenge for
automatic control and smart systems engineering on both theoretical and
practical levels. Designing CPS requires approaches involving
multi-disciplinary competences. However they are designed to be autonomous, the
CPS present a part of uncertainty, which requires interaction with human for
engineering, monitoring, controlling, performing operational maintenance, etc.
This human-CPS interaction led naturally to the human in-the-loop (HITL)
concept. Nevertheless, this HITL concept, which stems from a reductionist point
of view, exhibits limitations due to the different natures of the systems
involved. As opposed to this classical approach, we propose, in this paper, a
model of Bio-CPS (i.e. systems based on an integration of computational
elements within biological systems) grounded on theoretical biology, physics
and computer sciences and based on the key concept of human systems
integration. Keywords: Bio-CPS; Human system integration | |||
| Colorimetry and Impression Evaluation of Insert Molded GFRP Plate with Black Silk Fabrics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 256-266 | |
| Kiyoshi Fujiwara; Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Takashi Furukawa; Takahiro Suzuki; Atsushi Endo; Yutaro Shimode; Yuka Takai; Yuqiu Yang | |||
| Black silk fabric, a traditional craft produced using the Kyo-Yuzen dyeing
technique, is another luxury product. The intention behind the present report
is to mold Urushi-like glass fiber-reinforced plastic, using black silk fabric.
We first manufactured a glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) molded plate
consisting of various laminate layers, and compared the surface color with
Urushi products. Subsequently, we used an impression evaluation to reveal how
the glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) molded plate using black silk fabric
was rated. As the results of this study, it was confirmed that; L* and a* value
of FRP sample was similar to the Urushi sample, FRP sample was bluer than the
Urushi sample according to b* value, and C* value of FRP sample was higher than
the Urushi sample. About half of the subject regarded GFRP using black silk
fabric with the lightness similar to the Urushi product as Urushi product in
the impression evaluation. The sample regarded as the Urushi product makes
subject more feel "Beauty", "Sense of luxury and high quality", "Gloss" and
"Depth of blackness" than the sample not regarded as the Urushi product.
Evaluation point of the subject regarded the FRP sample as the Urushi product
showed a strong association between "Beauty" and "Sense of luxury and high
quality", between "Beauty" and "Gloss", between "Sense of luxury and high
quality" and "Gloss". Keywords: GFRP; Kyo-Yuzen dyeing; Silk fabric; Urushi; Black; Colorimetry; Impression
evaluation | |||
| Light Transmission Properties of Insert Molded GFRPs with Different Crape Structure of Silk Fabrics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 267-276 | |
| Kiyoshi Fujiwara; Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Takashi Furukawa; Atsushi Endo; Yuka Takai; Yuqiu Yang | |||
| In this research, the hand lay-up method was focused as one of the
decoration molding techniques for the GFRP lighting materials. The hand lay-up
method can be more developed in the market of the GFRP lighting material
because type of form and reinforced material are free to be selected in this
method. Therefore, this research aimed to clearly the light transmission
property of the GFRP inserted the Kyo Yu-zen fabric with crape. The cross
section structure, light transmission property and luminance distribution of
the GFRP samples were analyzed. As the results of this research, it was
confirmed that the structure of the GFRP inserted the silk fabric with crape
was different in each sample according to a laid direction of the yarn and use
of the laid yarn, the GFRP inserted the silk fabric with crape had more
profound effect on a dispersion of the light with the luminous intensity and
the luminance than the GFRP with only glass mat, and a degree of the dispersion
of the light was changed by the structure of the crape, and it was the highest
in the Silk4 showed the highest Ra value. Keywords: GFRP; Hand lay-up; Silk fabric; Crape structure; Light transmission
property; Luminance distribution | |||
| Evaluation of Kimono Clothes in Kyo-Yuzen-Zome using Image | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 277-288 | |
| Takashi Furukawa; Yuka Takai; Noriaki Kuwahara; Akihiko Goto | |||
| "Yuzen" is a traditional but still popular method of dyeing fabrics in
Japan. The products using the Yuzen method and manufactured in Kyoto city are
called "Kyo-Yuzen." The dyeing method of Yuzen can be dividing into 10
procedures. A specialized craftsman is in charge of each procedure. During the
paste application (Nori-oki) procedure, the expert applies a starch paste or a
rubber paste to a fabric in order to resist dyeing. The two resist pastes
create different effect on the dyed fabric. At market, the fabric with a starch
paste application is perceived to have a higher value than that with a rubber
paste. In this study, the difference of the viscosity between two materials was
clarified, and specimens which craftsman dyed were observed. Then how two
materials put on fabrics, and the structures of them were measured. As a result
of this research, it was clarified that rubber paste penetrated into fabrics
rather than starch paste. Keywords: Fabric; Resist; Dyeing; Paste; Starch; Rubber | |||
| Effects of Spray Gun Handling of Automobile Repair on Carrier of Car Mechanic | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 289-298 | |
| Shigeru Ikemoto; Kenta Morimoto; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The goal of this research is development of learning system for automobile
repair. In this study, the purpose is characteristics of spray gun handling of
automobile repair painting expert. Spray gun movements of 55 craftsmen's were
measured by using motion capture system. The spray gun movements of expert were
longer length, longer time, higher speed, and narrower swing range, compared to
that of non-expert. As a result, spray gun handling of expert is longer running
length, longer time, higher speed, narrower spray gun swing range compare with
non-expert. Keywords: Automobile repair; Paint; Spray gun handling; Motion capture | |||
| Visual Evaluation of "The Way of Tea" Based on Questionnaire Survey Between Chinese and Japanese | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 299-306 | |
| Soutatsu Kanazawa; Tomoko Ota; Zelong Wang; Rutchaneekorn Wongpajan; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, "The way of tea" process conducted by expert, non-expert and
beginner was investigated. Firstly, final tea made by expert, non-expert and
beginner applying three kinds of tea whisks were taken into photos. Afterwards,
random ranked tea photos were employed as visual evaluation questionnaire and
subjective ranking material. In order to compare and characterize "The way of
tea" process difference, 10 Japanese and 10 Chinese participates were chosen as
evaluation subjects. Consequently, it can be concluded that both Japanese and
Chinese are able to distinguish expert's tea as top rank easily because of
sufficient small bubble size on the tea surface. Keywords: The way of tea; Visual evaluation; Japanese tea; Questionnaire survey;
Chinese and Japanese | |||
| A Study of the Tacit Knowledge on the Design of Kimono Patterns from Japanese Painting | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 307-315 | |
| Masashi Kano; Hiroyuki Akaji; Noriaki Kuwahara; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| One of the most important characteristics of the Nishijin obi (a traditional
Japanese textile product) has been to express unique aesthetics in Japanese
paintings by making full use of weaving techniques for imparting a
three-dimensional effect. However, weaving today tries to distinguish itself
merely through colors and patterns, losing the true depth inherent in weaving.
An obi can emphasize the beauty of a kimono through its simple design, and a
kimono can bring out the personality of the person dressed in it. The types of
weaving that enable such design are the three main weaving styles of
Nishijin-weaving. We will present the basics of these techniques, and how they
are applied in order to realize the obi design that expresses unique aesthetic
in Japanese paintings. Keywords: Kimono; Nishijin obi; Nishijin-weaving; Weaving structure; Three-dimensional
effect; Japanese painting | |||
| Comparison of KEMOMI Technique Between Master Craftsman and Unskilled Worker | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 316-323 | |
| Shinichiro Kawabata; Zhilan Xu; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The Nara FUDE, made of several kinds of fibers with different properties,
can achieve quality. However, the insufficiency of the mix process of the
fibers may lead to the unstable quality of the final product. Fiber bundle of
about 400 pieces of brush were mixed by hand at one time, which was called
'KEMOMI'. In this study, subjects with three different experiences were chosen
(Master worker with 17 years of experience, Intermediate worker with 8 years of
experience, Unskilled worker with 8 month of experience.). Refer to the method
of the analysis of 'KEMOMI', three colours were in the rested fiber bundle, two
kinds of filaments painted red and blue on the opposite of the taper side as
well as the non-painted white colour. In order to analyse the progress degree
of KEMOMI, binary coded processing was carried out on the picture taken every
elapsed time during 'KEMOMI'. Keywords: Nara FUDE; KEMOMI; Traditional handicraft; High quality brush; Master work | |||
| Inside the User's Mind -- Perception of Risks and Benefits of Unknown Technologies, Exemplified by Geothermal Energy | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 324-334 | |
| Johanna Kluge; Sylvia Kowalewski; Martina Ziefle | |||
| In the context of large scale projects public acceptance is indispensable
for a sustainable roll out and broad implementation of technology. Especially
when those projects deal with the implementation of relatively unknown
technologies like geothermal energy. To find out what communication need the
general public has, knowledge about the underlying cognitive attitudes toward
the technology as well as the mental representation is important. In this
context especially uncertainties about the consequences and risks are of
importance. In this study we get a deeper understanding of the mental
representation of geothermal energy by uncovering acceptance-relevant
cognitions which were assessed by interviews with open answer format. Results
show, that especially the communication about risks and possible disadvantages
should be integrated in an adequate information strategy. Keywords: Technology acceptance; Geothermal energy; Communication strategy;
Information strategy | |||
| Factor of Feeling "Hannari" from Kimono Images | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 335-344 | |
| Kumiko Komizo; Noriaki Kuwahara; Kazunari Morimoto | |||
| A separation from the kimono in Japanese society has an effect which has
serious implications not only for the clothing industry, but for the
continuation of traditional Japanese culture. However, for clothing, the lure
of the kimono's beauty only remains in a modern age as "attire for special
occasions." This paper attempts to define and classify one part of the kimono's
appeal, the Japanese expression, "hannari-kan," or "feelings of elegance."
Considering online shopping, we used a display device to show many kimonos for
consideration and ratings, to collect data and quantify "hannari". We also
assessed brightness and color in relation to "hannari" ratings. Keywords: Kimono; Obi; Aesthetics; Brightness; Color | |||
| Human Machine Epistemology Survey | | BIBA | Full-Text | 345-356 | |
| Rémi Nazin; Didier Fass | |||
| Pluridisciplinar convergence is a major problem that had emerged with
human-artefact Systems and so-called "Augmented Humanity" as academical fields
and even more as technical fields. Problems come mainly from the juxtaposition
of two very different types of system, a biological one and an artificial one.
Thus, conceiving and designing the multiple couplings between them has become a
major difficulty. Some came with reductionnist solutions to answer these
problems but since we know that a biological system and a technical system are
different, this approach is limited from its beginning.
Using a specifically designed questionnaire and statistical analysis we determined how specialists (medical practitioners, ergonomists and engineers) in the domain conceive themselves what is a human-artifact System and how they relate to existent traditions and we showed that some of them relate to the integrativist views. | |||
| A Study on Learning Effects of Marking with Highlighter Pen | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 357-367 | |
| Hiroki Nishimura; Noriaki Kuwahara | |||
| For learning students including elementary, junior high school and high
school students, improvement of academic performance is one of the most
important learning objectives. Types of problems in every subject are versatile
and it is essential to find key points and keywords in sentences as well as
questions under any situation. In order to find these key points and keywords,
information on sentences as well as questions should be organized which can
lead to increased attentional capacity as well as cognitive capacity. Various
kinds of writing materials are used by the learners, and especially highlighter
pens which are used by many learners for marking, when they are used for
marking as means of organizing information, can have effects on the improvement
of academic performance by the visual effects as well as through marking works.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of marking with a highlighter pen as a means to recognize necessary information. The Japanese language word problems, arithmetic computation problems and English problems were used and the amount of memory and the number of correct answers were measured to verify the effects. Keywords: Highlighter pen; Memory; Attentional capacity; Academic performance | |||
| Process Analysis of Kyo Karakami Manufacturing | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 368-378 | |
| Seiji Senda; Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Mitsunori Suda; Yuka Takai | |||
| This study is to clarify technique of expert in Kyo Karakami manufacturing
by using process analysis and the eye motion analysis. Kyo Karakami
manufacturing consists of "Some" process and "Kata-oshi" process. "Some"
process and "Kata-oshi" process divided by 4 and 5 phases, respectively. From
interview to expert, "Some" process divided by 3 steps. In "Some" process,
expert worked almost same time at each steps. In "Kata-oshi" process, expert
gave time "phase a" which provide total working time shortening. Keywords: Kyo karakami; Traditional hand crafts; Process analysis; Eye motion analysis | |||
| Exploring How People Collaborate with a Stranger: | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 379-388 | |
| Haruka Shoda; Tomoki Yao; Noriko Suzuki; Mamiko Sakata | |||
| We explored human-to-human communication when two people collaboratively
attempt to reproduce an abstract painting. We examined the effects of
friendship (i.e., stranger versus friend) and the task's three phases (i.e.,
first, second, versus third) on verbal and nonverbal behaviors. In our
experiment, pairs of strangers (n=24, 12 pairs) and friends (n=24, 12 pairs)
reproduced three abstract paintings. We measured the duration of their
conversations, gestures, and painting behaviors, and the behaviors were labeled
based on Traum (1994). The results showed that the amount and the functions of
painting differed as a function of friendship. Since friends seemed more likely
to focus on the efficient completion of the task, painting functions as a means
of communicating images to partners. On the other hand, since strangers attempt
to minimize conflicts with their partners, they start painting after discussing
what to paint next. Keywords: Collaboration; Friendship; Time-series change; Nonverbal behaviors; Abstract
art reproduction | |||
| Process Analysis of Expert and Non-expert Engineers in Quartz Glass Joint Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 389-398 | |
| Masamichi Suda; Toru Takahashi; Akio Hattori; Yuqiu Yang; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Quartz glass is a special glass material known as "King of Glass". The
silicon purity of the quartz glass is very high, therefore it is excellent in
heat resistance, chemical resistance and optical transparency as compared to
other glasses, such as borosilicate glass. In this study, the differences in
the working process between engineers with different years of experience during
the "joint-process" of quartz glass material were analyzed. "Joint-process" is
one of "fire-process" and is of heating and jointing glass cylinders during
rotating using a dedicated glass lathe machine. It is found that these
differences in the process of heating joint of glass cylinder have effects on
the accuracy of finial production and the manufacturing efficiency. Keywords: Ergonomics and sustainability; Quartz glass; Process analysis; Fire process;
Mechanical property evaluation | |||
| Comparison of Eye Movement During the Polishing Process of Metallographic Sample Between Expert and Nonexpert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 399-410 | |
| Takuya Sugimoto; Yuka Takai; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Akihiko Goto | |||
| The carburizing process requires metallurgical inspection by means of
polished metallurgical mounts. Metallographic preparation for a metallurgical
mount is an important process for the quality assurance of the carburizing
process. The purpose of this study is to clarify the expert's characteristics
of polishing process based on the eye movement analysis. Two inspectors with 20
(hereinafter referred to as "expert") and 0.5 years (hereinafter referred to as
"nonexpert") of experience in metallographic preparation were interviewed and
their eye movement analyzed. As a result, the expert made pressure adjustments
and cleaning the surface and supplying alumina as needed while performing the
polish. Keywords: Polish; Metallographic preparation; Eye movement analysis | |||
| Omotenashi in the Japanese Bridal Market | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 411-418 | |
| Shigeyuki Takami; Aya Takai; Takuya Sugimoto; Masamichi Suda; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Omotenashi is the Japanese approach to exceptional hospitality. In
particular, the Takami Style of Omotenashi strives for the continuous
improvement of customer satisfaction in the bridal market. While the price of
weddings and bridal services are equivalent to purchasing luxury cars or other
high end items, bridal clients are willing to pay large amounts of money for
services that are not tangible items. Questionnaires were provided to brides
and grooms with the purpose of discovering ways to increase customer
satisfaction for bridal services. Keywords: Omotenashi; Customer satisfaction; Bridal market; Bridal industry; Takami
style | |||
| A Study on Characteristic of Calligraphy Characters Part 1 Analytical Method with Computer Technology | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 419-428 | |
| Zelong Wang; Issei Harima; Zenichiro Maekawa | |||
| The letter develops as the means that a human being takes the communication
and becomes the important element characterizing the racial culture. A variety
of letters exist in the world, but it becomes two big flows of a phonogram and
the ideograph at the present. The kanji is a representative of the ideographs. Keywords: Calligraphy character; Characteristic; Analytical method | |||
| A Study on Characteristic of Calligraphy Characters Part 2 Case of One Character of Calligraphy Letter "Kanji" and "Hiragana" | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 429-436 | |
| Zelong Wang; Mengyuan Liao; Kayo Yokota; Riichi Hagihara; Zenichiro Maekawa | |||
| During long history of Kanji in china, "Kaisho" (Regular script), "Gyosho"
(Semi-cursive script), "Sousho" (Cursive script) were born from 3rd century to
5th century. The Japanese improved a kanji and devised a Hiragana originally.
"Kaisho" letter is form not to transform. "Gyosho" letter is the form
transformed a little than it. "Sousho" letter is the form transformed more.
Hiragana letter has thin, long and smooth form. 4 kinds of calligraphy letters
are analyzed by using proposed system and characteristic of calligraphy letters
were thrown into relief from three viewpoints. The technique to evaluate the
characteristic of the shape of the writing brush style quantitatively is
proposed in this study. This study is classified into three parts. Part-2
treats one character of calligraphy Letter "Kanji" and "Hiragana". 188
characters are analyzed by using the proposed technique in part-1. Keywords: Kanji; Hiragana; Iroha poem; One calligraphy character | |||
| A Study on Characteristic of Calligraphy Characters Part 3 Case of the Writing Paper with Calligraphy Letter Works | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 437-444 | |
| Zelong Wang; Riichi Hagihara; Zenichiro Maekawa | |||
| The technique to evaluate the characteristic of the shape of the writing
brush style quantitatively is proposed in this study. This study is classified
into three parts. Part3 treats the writing paper with calligraphy letter works.
8 kinds of calligraphy letter works from songbook "Hyaku ninn isshu" are used
in the part3 of this study. Keywords: Calligraphy character works; Stability index; Songbook of hyaku ninn isshu | |||