| Comparison Knitting Skills Between Experts and Non-experts by Measurement of the Arm Movement | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-13 | |
| Kontawat Chottikampon; Shunyu Tang; Suchalinee Mathurosemontri; Porakoch Sirisuwan; Miyako Inoda; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| This research focused on the developing the capacity of knitting skill. The
comparison of skill between the experts with non-expert was study. The movement
of arms was measure to investigate the effect of arm movement on quality of
knitting fabric. The experiment was carried out on a video camera to record and
analyze the differences of the knitting speed and manner in knitting. The
quality of the fabric is measured by a loop of fabric to see the consistency of
the loop fabric is important and beautiful fabrics. The result is a procedure
used to crochet knitting machines are very different in appearance, knitting
and speed. The quality of the fabric is beautiful, similar to the use of a
knitting machine knitting. The main difference between them is only part of the
seams. Keywords: Knitting; Arm movement measurement; Knitting skill; Plain pattern | |||
| Comparison of Braiding Skills Between Expert and Non-experts by Eye's Movement Measurement | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 14-23 | |
| Kontawat Chottikampon; Suchalinee Mathurosemontri; Hitoshi Marui; Porakoch Sirisuwan; Akihiko Goto; Tadashi Uozumi; Miyako Inoda; Makiko Tada; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| A braiding rope is the Japanese traditional rope that a quality and beauty
of them have depended on the skill and experience of a braider. In this
research, the skill of a expert and two non-experts who practice the braiding
everyday and every week, respectively were measured and compared through the
eye's movement measurement and observed the braiding rope quality. The
measurement was carried out every month for three times. It was found that the
expert show the constant of eye's focus at the center of marudai plate and
reveled a complete pattern of braiding rope. For two non-experts, their eye's
movement wobbled around marudai plate for all trials. However, the braiding
speed and quality were developed by the regular training. There are no the
defects in the ropes in the trial 2 and 3. Keywords: Braiding; Kumihimo; Eye's movement measurement; Braiding skill | |||
| Effect of Skill Level Difference in the Polishing Process of the Maki-e Making Technique | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 24-34 | |
| Atsushi Endo; Hisanori Yuminaga; Chihiro Akatsuka; Takuya Sugimoto; Yutaro Shimode; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this research, "Maki-e" technique was focused. Maki-e technique is a
decoration technique of Urushi crafts technique. There is a polishing process
in the Maki-e making process. Maki-e surface is polished by a charcoal and
whetstone in the polishing process. Time-served technique is needed for this
process. Because this process affects a finish of Urushi crafts work, this
research aimed to clarify a relationship between a skill level difference of
craftspeople and a finish of Urushi crafts work in the polishing process by
using charcoal. Characteristics of the finish Urushi crafts work and how to use
a body of craftspeople was analyzed. As the results of this research, it was
confirmed that; 1. The expert's Maki-e specimen was more brightness and yellow
than the non-expert. 2. There was not much difference about the gloss and
surface roughness between the expert and the non-expert. 3. The expert took the
rhythmic activity in each muscle. Therefore it seemed that the finish of the
work became more beautiful. These results suggest that how to use the body
affects the finish of the Urushi crafts work in the polishing process. The
non-expert can improve the finish of the work and the level of polishing skill
by training the body position and motion like the expert. Keywords: Urushi crafts; Maki-e; Polishing; Color; Gloss; Surface roughness;
Electromyogram | |||
| Study on Method of Observing Maki-e Crafts Work in Urushi Craftspeople | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 35-45 | |
| Atsushi Endo; Noriyuki Kida; Yutaro Shimode; Isao Oda; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Urushi crafts is a representative traditional crafts in Japan. Good Urushi
crafts work had made in various periods in history in Japan, and it has been
kept by the policymaker, shrine, temple and a person on the street. Urushi
crafts work is damaged and Urushi comes off over a course of a long period of
time. Urushi craftspeople need to identify the characteristics and conditions
of the work when it is repaired because they can't repair the work
appropriately. When the craftspeople identify the characteristics and
conditions of the work, they observe the work by the naked eye. This
observation technique is called "Mitate". This research aimed to know
difference of a motion of the Urushi crafts work between the expert Urushi
craftspeople and the non-expert Urushi craftspeople when they conduct the
Mitate. The motion of the specimen and subject's head were measured when the
expert and non-expert Urushi craftspeople conducted the Mitate of the Maki-e
specimen. As the results, it is found that the expert can identify the change
in appearance of Maki-e surface by moving the specimen up and down a little.
Furthermore, he can skip the up-and-down motion and shorten the observation
time by comparing one specimen with the other specimen in the case of the
different number of the gold powder. Keywords: Urushi crafts; Maki-e; Mitate; Expert; Non-expert; Motion analysis | |||
| Comparison of Description Skill on Characteristics of the Urushi Crafts Work Between Expert Craftspeople and Non-expert Craftspeople | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 46-57 | |
| Atsushi Endo; Mari Shimode; Yutaro Shimode; Seishi Namiki; Noriaki Kuwahara; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Many of Urushi crafts works have been collected as an art in the museum and
art museum. They have been treasured, but some of them spent several hundred
years being made, and need to be repaired. Urushi crafts people can repair
these works. Before they repair them, they need to observe the condition of the
work by the naked eye. This observation is called "Mitate". Expert Urushi
craftspeople can identify many characteristics by conducting the Mitate, and
they can plan to repair the Urushi crafts work. This research aimed to examine
how to understand the characteristics of the making process in the Urushi
craftspeople. Urushi craftspeople conducted the Mitate, and they described the
making process, material and so on. As the result, it is found that the Urushi
craftspeople with long year of experience can identify the detail
characteristics like the number of metallic powder in the Maki-e making
process. Keywords: Urushi crafts; Maki-e; Craftspeople; Expert; Non-expert; Mitate | |||
| Analysis of Eye Movement of Caregiver Concerning on Transfer Operation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 58-65 | |
| Akihiko Goto; Mengyuan Liao; Yuka Takai; Takashi Yoshikawa; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| As well known, nowadays Japan is one of the several "super-ageing societies"
all around the world. The aging of Japan is thought to outweigh all other
nations, as the country is purported to have the highest proportion of elderly
citizens; 33.0% are above age 60, 25.9% are aged 65 or above, 12.5% aged 75 or
above, as of Sep 2014. The increasing proportion of elderly people also had a
major impact on increased burden for caregivers. Due to a shortage of expert
nursing staff, training caregivers for long-term care facilities has also
become a growing concern. Therefore, in order to help speed up training
process, one of the popular care processes "transfer operation" between bed and
wheelchair was examined. In this study, elder staff's eye movements during
transfer was measured and compared between expert, non-expert and beginner
caregiver. Comparing with beginner without experience, caregivers with
occupational experience were found to pay more attention on elder's body with
longer eyes rested duration according to eye movement track. Especially, expert
caregiver's skillful care process was also clarified, during which he put less
time than non-expert to focus the objects such as bed, wheelchair and so on.
Eye moving characteristic and difference between expert and non-expert
suggested that transfer care assistance could be improved by instructing the
caregivers to focus on specific parts of elder's body effectively. Keywords: Caregiver; Eye movement; Transfer operation | |||
| Analysis of the Skills to Acupuncture | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 66-73 | |
| Yoshio Ikai; Masakazu Migaki; Noriyuki Kida; Hidehisa Iwamoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In Japan, health care has been carried out by Western medicine, but
acupuncture has been handled in a different form from the health care system of
Western medicine. Not only doctors and dental doctors, but also acupuncturists
have rights to practice. Therefore, Japanese acupuncture is responsible for the
treatment of disease and the health maintenance and promote. Japanese
acupuncture has been widely used in a variety of diseases and symptoms in the
medical field. In addition, since acupuncture be performed using a simple
means, it is possible also performed in an area that does not meet the medical
institutions. For acupuncture, in order to play a role in the medicine, it is
necessary to academic support, and it is required the achievements and steady
research. Although it has been accumulated research results with respect to the
reaction of the body caused by acupuncture, there is not research relating to
the operation of acupuncturists to acupuncture. Therefore, the purpose of this
study is to target acupuncture with advanced technology, and it was performed
motion analysis. As a result, we clarified the acupuncture motion skill of
high-skilled acupuncturist. Keywords: Acupuncture; Motion analysis; DLT method; z component; z coordinate | |||
| Differences in How Long an Ikebana Work Lasts Depending on the Skill Used in Cutting Floral Materials | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 74-82 | |
| Yuki Ikenobo; Zelong Wang; Yusuke Shiraishi; Akihiko Goto | |||
| Ikebana (Japanese flower arrangement), one of the Japanese traditional arts,
requires the use of a pair of special steel scissors to compose an arrangement.
Although to cut materials with the special type of scissors plays a crucial
role in the composition of arrangements, the analyses of the cutting motion
have not been taken so far. Comparing the cutting motion between non-experts
and experts, it is found that non-experts cut in a slow speed, and on the
contrary, experts cut rapidly in a short time. Normally, it is considered that
the cutting strength has an effect on the duct of the material and influences
the condition of the water absorption. However, there are no specific
differences of the material's cut surface between non-experts and experts'
cutting. The degradation of the material after cutting was not observed as
well. It is assumed to be the reason that the original condition of the
material was good and the material was preserved well after cutting. Therefore,
we hope to analyze the original condition of the material, researching more
about the different usage of the scissors and the influence brought by the
usage hereafter. Keywords: Scissor; Process analysis; Water potential; Cutting speed | |||
| Study of Caregivers' Skills for Monitoring Senior Residents | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 83-94 | |
| Mikako Ito; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Noriaki Kuwahara | |||
| As of September, 2015, the Japanese population over 65-years old was found
to be aging at a rate of 25.0%. The results determined that the rate of aging
for this sector of the Japanese population makes Japan one of the most aged
societies in the world. As the aging population continues to increase in size,
we anticipate that more nursing will be necessary to accommodate the future
needs of seniors. Due to the complex nature and challenging field of senior
care, nursing homes experience high employee turnover rates. The shortage of
skillful employees is problematic, so the option of training employees without
a nursing background may be an integral part of the solution. The least
favorite part of nursing care among nursing-home workers is monitoring or
keeping an eye on the senior residents. Caregivers are required to keep the
care receivers safe, engage them in conversation, help them maintain a healthy
state of mind -- all while carrying out their designated routine. They have to
constantly stay alert so that the elderly don't make sudden movements that make
them lose their balance and fall, choke on their meals, fight with other
elderly residents, or wander out of the caregivers' field of vision. There is
no manual on how to best monitor the elderly. There are no pointers that come
with photos -- as in transfer techniques -- when it comes to taking care of the
elderly. Because one does not have access to visual or audio demonstrations
during classes on nursing care, students who specialize in nursing care have to
learn on the job. The comfort level of the elderly is largely determined by the
quality of the caregivers' monitoring skill, how they use their voices and how
they relate to their care receivers. The difference in experience between a
skilled and a unskilled caregiver can mean the difference in the number of
accidents. Keywords: Nursing home; Skill to watch; Skill to plan | |||
| Research on the Performance of Three Tea Whisks of "The Way of Tea" with Different Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 95-103 | |
| Soutatsu Kanazawa; Tomoko Ota; Zelong Wang; Akihiro Tada; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, three kinds of Japanese tea whisks' influence on bubble form
in "the way of tea" process were investigated. The bubble form and distribution
state by each whisk after 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% of tea making finishing time
were recorded and analyzed through numerical processing. In order to verify the
quality of tea whisk, two tea masters were employed as expert and non-expert,
and three kinds of tea whisks' performance were evaluated and compared during
the whole tea making process. The expert can controlled three tea whisks very
well. Keywords: The way of tea; Tea whisk; Bubble form; Japanese tea | |||
| Effects of Quantified Instructional Tool on Spray-up Fabrication Method | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 104-113 | |
| Tetsuo Kikuchi; Erika Suzuki; Yiyi Zhang; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Spray up fabrication has been used for forming composite structures since
ancient times as it can be performed as long as the mold, skills, and materials
are available. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of
skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. In
this study, the authors thus conducted a motion analysis experiment using
spray-up fabrication experts as subjects. The experiment, seemingly a new and
only attempt in Japan, quantified techniques that are not visibly apparent and
considered to be tacit knowledge. The dimension stability of samples was
measured, and their relationships with the motions of experts were also
evaluated. It was also suggested that highly specialized control techniques,
the appropriate training of non-experts, and technical tradition are possible. Keywords: Spray up fabrication; Dimension stability; Motion analysis; Composites;
Explicit knowledge | |||
| An Investigation on Conversion from Tacit Knowledge to Explicit Knowledge in Hand Lay-Up Fabrication Method | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 114-123 | |
| Tetsuo Kikuchi; Erika Suzuki; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Hand lay-up fabrication has been used for forming composite structures since
ancient times as it can be performed as long as the mold, skills, and materials
are available. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of
skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. In
this study, the authors thus conducted a motion analysis experiment using hand
lay-up fabrication experts as subjects. The experiment, seemingly a new and
only attempt in Japan, quantified techniques that are not visibly apparent and
considered to be tacit knowledge. The mechanical properties and dimension
stability of samples were measured, and their relationships with the motions of
experts were also evaluated. It was also suggested that highly specialized
control techniques, the appropriate training of non-experts, and technical
tradition are possible. Keywords: Hand lay-up; Dimension stability; Motion analysis; Composites; Explicit
knowledge | |||
| Process Analysis of Manufacturing of Sewing Scissors by All Forging Process and Understanding of Its Sharpness | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 124-132 | |
| Yasuko Kitajima; Kazuki Kito; Masakazu Migaki; Kanji Matsumuro; Yasuhiko Murata; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In Japan there are several types of scissors such as pruning scissors,
flower scissors, U-shaped scissors, and sewing scissors and so on. Among them
sewing scissors was introduced when the black ships of Commodore Perry came
from the United States in the last Edo period almost 160 years ago. The shape
and size of sewing scissors have been changed to fit Japanese people. Yakichi
Yoshida started Japanese sewing scissors by his own manufacturing process; all
a forging process. His technique was distributed to many persons who learned
his process through implicit knowledge base. According to the family tree
starting with Yakichi, there has been a spread to the manufacturing family of
23. However at present only one person is remained. He is still making the
cutlery which has very good reputation among high ranking wear making persons
and other high quality manufacturing persons. In order to preserve this
manufacturing technique the process analysis was performed through video
recording and the records were put in this paper. The process was divided into
9 steps such as Preparation, Making the ring, Making part of the blade, Making
the neck part, Grinding, Finishing machinery, Quenching, Finish grinding, Post
finishing, Normally the expert needs dozens of years for the whole process,
therefore the number of products per day is very small. In the case of cutting
some materials two blades contact each other at very small part. Small as
possible makes sharp cutting because of stress concentration at the cutting
point. In order to create this phenomenon the inside of the blade should not be
a flat surface; instead the surface is required to be dented. This dented
surface was made at the third step, and particularly only one sub process can
make it. Our further study will be made for more accurate time analysis and
also the bending process will be focused to understanding the secret of sharp
cutting. Keywords: Sewing scissors; Process analysis; Skill succession | |||
| Expert vs. Elementary Skill Comparison and Process Analysis in VaRTM-Manufactured Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 133-142 | |
| Yasunari Kuratani; Kentaro Hase; Takahiro Hosomi; Tomoe Kawazu; Tadashi Uozumi; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| VaRTM requires a preform to be manufactured before molding. However, it is
often said that the accuracy of the preform affects the mechanical properties
of the mold. Despite the progression of investigations into the automization of
this process in recent years, preforms manufactured by hand still make up the
majority, and the accuracy of these preforms lies in the ability of the worker.
In this study, we have instructed three subjects with varying amount of years
of experience working with composite materials, and manufactured VaRTM
moldings. By analyzing the time taken, attitude and posture, and use of tools
within the work process when layering, and by conducting an interlaminar shear
strength test, we have acquired good results within the product quality of the
mold, working time, and interlaminar shear strength in order of the number of
years of experience. In the future, we will continue to research this subject
so that we can focus on the creating a setup that has the same, consistent
accuracy, regardless of the worker manufacturing the preform. Keywords: CFRP; Vartm; Process analysis; Year of experience; Working posture | |||
| The Relationship Between Mechanical Properties and the Method Technique of GFRP Plate by Hand Lay-up Method: Effect of the Workers Experience | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 143-153 | |
| Masakazu Migaki; Keisuke Ono; Ryo Takematsu; Yusaku Mochizuki; Eijutsu Ko; Daiki Ichikawa; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The aim of this research was focused on the relationship between the skill
of an operator in the hand lay-up molding method and the mechanical properties
of the molding composites. Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) plates were
prepared using the hand lay-up method by five inexperience operators. The
materials of GFRP included unsaturated polyester resin and chopped glass fiber
mat. The working procedure of all operators was recorded by a video camera.
Mechanical properties of the GFRP plates were carried out by tensile testing.
The load-displacement curve was illustrated, which was used for characterizing
the molding technique of various operators. The relationship of working times
and mechanical strength of the GFRP was characterized, which impacted on the
mechanical properties of the specimens. From the results, the relationship was
considered separately in the first half and the second half of the working
times. From the results, the step of degassing squeeze out air was
significantly influenced the mechanical strength of the GFRP products.
Therefore, the degassing step with the iron bar was the most affected on the
mechanical properties of the GFRP plate making by the inexperience operator. It
can be noted that the fully degassing out of the molding product strongly
suggested for the hand lay-up method in order to maintain the high strength of
the GFRP products. Keywords: Hand lay-up; Glass cloth; Polyester; Impregnation; Composite | |||
| Researching Sounds Generated During the Second Lining Pounding Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 154-164 | |
| Yasuhiro Oka; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Keisuke Ono; Kozo Oka | |||
| Japanese calligraphy and works of art, which are written and painted on
paper and silk, are often lined with Japanese washi paper and strengthened from
the reverse side. They are then treated with various binding methods based on
the purpose of the item and how it is intended to be viewed. The hanging
scroll, which is a perfect example of a binding format, is only displayed when
it is meant to be viewed and is hung on an alcove or beam. When it is finished
being used, it is rolled up tightly from the bottom and stored in a box. In
order to repeatedly roll up and open a hanging scroll smoothly, the hanging
scroll is lined with several layers of Japanese washi paper, which are pasted
onto the reverse side of the scroll. A paste with a low adhesive strength which
has been further diluted is used to prevent the adhesive from hardening after
it has dried. The joined surfaces are then pounded with a brush to enhance the
adhesion. The level of expertise of this technique is determined by the sound
that is generated when pounded using the traditional method. This research
measures the sound generated when the joined surfaces are pounded by an expert
and a non-expert with the purpose of evaluating the specific features of both
sets of sounds. Keywords: Amplitude; Hanging scroll; Pounding brush | |||
| EMG Activity Analysis of Expert Skills on Handheld Grinding Work for Metallographic Sample | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 165-173 | |
| Takuya Sugimoto; Hisanori Yuminaga; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Akihiko Goto | |||
| Carburizing is the most common heat treatment process for hardening ferrous
alloy. The quality assurance of carburizing process requires metallographic
analysis of case depth, retained austenite, intergranular oxidation, and
carbide network by means of metallographic sample. Metallographic preparation
consists of sectioning, mounting, plane grinding, polishing to mirror surface.
It is difficult for non-expert to prepare metallographic sample with global
mirror surface because preparation skill needs long time experience in this
field. In this study, the difference of EMG activity during handheld grinding
motion for metallographic specimen between expert and nonexpert execution was
analyzed. The expert's abductor pollicis brevis, extensor carpi radialis
brevis, and triceps brachii were working activity than the other muscles. We
considered that these muscle activity balance by the expert contribute to the
stable grinding conditions and good surface finish. Keywords: Grinding; Expert; Metallographic preparation; EMG | |||
| Difference in Polishing Process of FRP Between Expert and Non-expert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 174-181 | |
| Takuya Sugimoto; Daiki Ichikawa; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Yoshiaki Yamato; Akihiko Goto | |||
| One of the quality assurance methods for steel and composite materials is to
verify material constitutes and structures of polished specimens by microscope.
We prepared a sample used for microscope analysis in the following method:
first, cut a sample from the cross-section, and mount with the epoxy resin, and
then grind it. This process requires long craftsmen's experience to grind a
sample properly for microscope test. In this research, we comparably evaluated
the differences in grinding sound and comprehension skills between the expert
and the non-expert. As a result, we found that the expert was more sensitive to
the difference in the sounds generated during grinding process. He comprehended
the state of a grinding sample by the sound generated during grinding and
adjusted his grinding force in a wider range. Keywords: Polish; CFRP; Expert; Microscopic analysis | |||
| An Investigation on Skillful Gel-Coat Techniques and its Application to Beginner's Application | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 182-191 | |
| Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Gel Coating has been used for forming composite structures since ancient
times. On the other hand, gel coating work itself relies on human skills, which
means that the finish differs according to the operator carrying out the work,
the quality of the product differs among parts depending on the ease of
forming. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of skill
are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. Therefore,
in this study, motion analysis experiment of gel coating experts by MAC 3D
System was conducted to obtain objective data on an expert applier's skills
(the default value) with compared to the non-expert one. Furthermore,
dimensional stability measurements were made, and an investigation of the
correlation to an expert's application techniques was conducted in order to
pass the suitable training and communicating technical skills to advanced
management engineering and inexperienced appliers. Keywords: Dimension stability; Motion analysis; Explicit knowledge | |||
| Numerical Analysis on "Kana-Ami" Structure Between Expert and Non-expert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 192-200 | |
| Zelong Wang; Ken-ichi Tsuji; Toru Tsuji; Koji Ishizaki; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| "Kana-ami" is a kind of metal wire network in Japan, which was once
prevailed many years ago in the old Japan and has been decreased in the
development of social industrialization. In previous research, the
characteristics of the "Kana-ami" hexagonal structure were clarified, the metal
wire net of "Kana-ami" made by expert presented the convex shape in vertical
direction so that helps buffer the fall. The results confirmed the superiority
of the product made by expert. In this research, the actual structure of
"Kana-ami" was clarified by X-Ray. And the advantage of the expert's product
was confirmed. The three-dimensional analysis method was applied to present the
different actual structure. Keywords: Kana-ami; Three-dimensional scanning; X-Ray; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Motion Analysis of Interval Time During "Kana-ami" Making Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 201-211 | |
| Zelong Wang; Ken-ichi Tsuji; Toru Tsuji; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, the motion making technique of Japanese traditional
handicraft was analyzed by motion analysis system. Two experts were employed as
expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of interval time for each
main work process was paid attention. The subjects' interval timing during the
weaving process was clarified to investigate the proficiency of weaving
technique quantitatively. It is found that expert was able to go into working
state easily. Keywords: Kana-ami; Interval timing; Motion analysis; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Brain Activity Analysis on "Kana-Ami" Making Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 212-219 | |
| Zelong Wang; Ken-ichi Tsuji; Toru Tsuji; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, the brain wave activity and saliva α-armylase for
expert and non-expert was measured during five test of "Kana-ami" fatigue. Two
experts were employed as expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of
subjects' working state and physical condition for each trial test was paid
attention. It is found that expert was able to keep charging and concentrate
working state even the body under the fatigue condition. Keywords: Kana-ami; Brain wave; Saliva α-armylase; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Human Performance Modeling for Dynamic Human Reliability Analysis | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 223-234 | |
| Ronald Laurids Boring; Jeffrey Clark Joe; Diego Mandelli | |||
| Part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Light Water Reactor
Sustainability (LWRS) Program, the Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization
(RISMC) Pathway develops approaches to estimating and managing safety margins.
RISMC simulations pair deterministic plant physics models with probabilistic
risk models. As human interactions are an essential element of plant risk, it
is necessary to integrate human actions into the RISMC risk framework. In this
paper, we review simulation based and non simulation based human reliability
analysis (HRA) methods. This paper summarizes the foundational information
needed to develop a feasible approach to modeling human interactions in RISMC
simulations. Keywords: Human reliability analysis; Probabilistic risk assessment; Simulation;
Modeling | |||
| Improvement of Needle Bar in Textile Machine by Hitting Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 235-244 | |
| Kontawat Chottikampon; Suchalinee Mathurosemontri; Hitoshi Marui; Ryo Marui; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The research conducted was to study the hitting process of a needle bar used
within textile machinery and how to improve its efficiency and performance. A
needle bar consists of a brass bar attached with a number of small pins. The
primary focus was learning technique while straightening the needle bar. In
order to join pins and brass bar together, the soldering is applied. The result
from the heat transfer during soldering process can cause the brass pins to
bend, which is undesirable for finished product. A soldering expertise uses
hitting movement technique to modify and straighten the brass bar. Even though
soldering process is the only step in making the brass bar; however, its method
is considered very complicated and requires refinement and specialization from
the maker. Keywords: Needle bar; Hitting process; Linking machine | |||
| Towards a Theory for Bio-Cyber Physical Systems Modelling | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 245-255 | |
| Didier Fass; Franck Gechter | |||
| Currently, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) represents a great challenge for
automatic control and smart systems engineering on both theoretical and
practical levels. Designing CPS requires approaches involving
multi-disciplinary competences. However they are designed to be autonomous, the
CPS present a part of uncertainty, which requires interaction with human for
engineering, monitoring, controlling, performing operational maintenance, etc.
This human-CPS interaction led naturally to the human in-the-loop (HITL)
concept. Nevertheless, this HITL concept, which stems from a reductionist point
of view, exhibits limitations due to the different natures of the systems
involved. As opposed to this classical approach, we propose, in this paper, a
model of Bio-CPS (i.e. systems based on an integration of computational
elements within biological systems) grounded on theoretical biology, physics
and computer sciences and based on the key concept of human systems
integration. Keywords: Bio-CPS; Human system integration | |||
| Colorimetry and Impression Evaluation of Insert Molded GFRP Plate with Black Silk Fabrics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 256-266 | |
| Kiyoshi Fujiwara; Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Takashi Furukawa; Takahiro Suzuki; Atsushi Endo; Yutaro Shimode; Yuka Takai; Yuqiu Yang | |||
| Black silk fabric, a traditional craft produced using the Kyo-Yuzen dyeing
technique, is another luxury product. The intention behind the present report
is to mold Urushi-like glass fiber-reinforced plastic, using black silk fabric.
We first manufactured a glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) molded plate
consisting of various laminate layers, and compared the surface color with
Urushi products. Subsequently, we used an impression evaluation to reveal how
the glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) molded plate using black silk fabric
was rated. As the results of this study, it was confirmed that; L* and a* value
of FRP sample was similar to the Urushi sample, FRP sample was bluer than the
Urushi sample according to b* value, and C* value of FRP sample was higher than
the Urushi sample. About half of the subject regarded GFRP using black silk
fabric with the lightness similar to the Urushi product as Urushi product in
the impression evaluation. The sample regarded as the Urushi product makes
subject more feel "Beauty", "Sense of luxury and high quality", "Gloss" and
"Depth of blackness" than the sample not regarded as the Urushi product.
Evaluation point of the subject regarded the FRP sample as the Urushi product
showed a strong association between "Beauty" and "Sense of luxury and high
quality", between "Beauty" and "Gloss", between "Sense of luxury and high
quality" and "Gloss". Keywords: GFRP; Kyo-Yuzen dyeing; Silk fabric; Urushi; Black; Colorimetry; Impression
evaluation | |||
| Light Transmission Properties of Insert Molded GFRPs with Different Crape Structure of Silk Fabrics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 267-276 | |
| Kiyoshi Fujiwara; Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Takashi Furukawa; Atsushi Endo; Yuka Takai; Yuqiu Yang | |||
| In this research, the hand lay-up method was focused as one of the
decoration molding techniques for the GFRP lighting materials. The hand lay-up
method can be more developed in the market of the GFRP lighting material
because type of form and reinforced material are free to be selected in this
method. Therefore, this research aimed to clearly the light transmission
property of the GFRP inserted the Kyo Yu-zen fabric with crape. The cross
section structure, light transmission property and luminance distribution of
the GFRP samples were analyzed. As the results of this research, it was
confirmed that the structure of the GFRP inserted the silk fabric with crape
was different in each sample according to a laid direction of the yarn and use
of the laid yarn, the GFRP inserted the silk fabric with crape had more
profound effect on a dispersion of the light with the luminous intensity and
the luminance than the GFRP with only glass mat, and a degree of the dispersion
of the light was changed by the structure of the crape, and it was the highest
in the Silk4 showed the highest Ra value. Keywords: GFRP; Hand lay-up; Silk fabric; Crape structure; Light transmission
property; Luminance distribution | |||
| Evaluation of Kimono Clothes in Kyo-Yuzen-Zome using Image | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 277-288 | |
| Takashi Furukawa; Yuka Takai; Noriaki Kuwahara; Akihiko Goto | |||
| "Yuzen" is a traditional but still popular method of dyeing fabrics in
Japan. The products using the Yuzen method and manufactured in Kyoto city are
called "Kyo-Yuzen." The dyeing method of Yuzen can be dividing into 10
procedures. A specialized craftsman is in charge of each procedure. During the
paste application (Nori-oki) procedure, the expert applies a starch paste or a
rubber paste to a fabric in order to resist dyeing. The two resist pastes
create different effect on the dyed fabric. At market, the fabric with a starch
paste application is perceived to have a higher value than that with a rubber
paste. In this study, the difference of the viscosity between two materials was
clarified, and specimens which craftsman dyed were observed. Then how two
materials put on fabrics, and the structures of them were measured. As a result
of this research, it was clarified that rubber paste penetrated into fabrics
rather than starch paste. Keywords: Fabric; Resist; Dyeing; Paste; Starch; Rubber | |||
| Effects of Spray Gun Handling of Automobile Repair on Carrier of Car Mechanic | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 289-298 | |
| Shigeru Ikemoto; Kenta Morimoto; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The goal of this research is development of learning system for automobile
repair. In this study, the purpose is characteristics of spray gun handling of
automobile repair painting expert. Spray gun movements of 55 craftsmen's were
measured by using motion capture system. The spray gun movements of expert were
longer length, longer time, higher speed, and narrower swing range, compared to
that of non-expert. As a result, spray gun handling of expert is longer running
length, longer time, higher speed, narrower spray gun swing range compare with
non-expert. Keywords: Automobile repair; Paint; Spray gun handling; Motion capture | |||
| Visual Evaluation of "The Way of Tea" Based on Questionnaire Survey Between Chinese and Japanese | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 299-306 | |
| Soutatsu Kanazawa; Tomoko Ota; Zelong Wang; Rutchaneekorn Wongpajan; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, "The way of tea" process conducted by expert, non-expert and
beginner was investigated. Firstly, final tea made by expert, non-expert and
beginner applying three kinds of tea whisks were taken into photos. Afterwards,
random ranked tea photos were employed as visual evaluation questionnaire and
subjective ranking material. In order to compare and characterize "The way of
tea" process difference, 10 Japanese and 10 Chinese participates were chosen as
evaluation subjects. Consequently, it can be concluded that both Japanese and
Chinese are able to distinguish expert's tea as top rank easily because of
sufficient small bubble size on the tea surface. Keywords: The way of tea; Visual evaluation; Japanese tea; Questionnaire survey;
Chinese and Japanese | |||
| A Study of the Tacit Knowledge on the Design of Kimono Patterns from Japanese Painting | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 307-315 | |
| Masashi Kano; Hiroyuki Akaji; Noriaki Kuwahara; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| One of the most important characteristics of the Nishijin obi (a traditional
Japanese textile product) has been to express unique aesthetics in Japanese
paintings by making full use of weaving techniques for imparting a
three-dimensional effect. However, weaving today tries to distinguish itself
merely through colors and patterns, losing the true depth inherent in weaving.
An obi can emphasize the beauty of a kimono through its simple design, and a
kimono can bring out the personality of the person dressed in it. The types of
weaving that enable such design are the three main weaving styles of
Nishijin-weaving. We will present the basics of these techniques, and how they
are applied in order to realize the obi design that expresses unique aesthetic
in Japanese paintings. Keywords: Kimono; Nishijin obi; Nishijin-weaving; Weaving structure; Three-dimensional
effect; Japanese painting | |||
| Comparison of KEMOMI Technique Between Master Craftsman and Unskilled Worker | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 316-323 | |
| Shinichiro Kawabata; Zhilan Xu; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The Nara FUDE, made of several kinds of fibers with different properties,
can achieve quality. However, the insufficiency of the mix process of the
fibers may lead to the unstable quality of the final product. Fiber bundle of
about 400 pieces of brush were mixed by hand at one time, which was called
'KEMOMI'. In this study, subjects with three different experiences were chosen
(Master worker with 17 years of experience, Intermediate worker with 8 years of
experience, Unskilled worker with 8 month of experience.). Refer to the method
of the analysis of 'KEMOMI', three colours were in the rested fiber bundle, two
kinds of filaments painted red and blue on the opposite of the taper side as
well as the non-painted white colour. In order to analyse the progress degree
of KEMOMI, binary coded processing was carried out on the picture taken every
elapsed time during 'KEMOMI'. Keywords: Nara FUDE; KEMOMI; Traditional handicraft; High quality brush; Master work | |||
| Inside the User's Mind -- Perception of Risks and Benefits of Unknown Technologies, Exemplified by Geothermal Energy | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 324-334 | |
| Johanna Kluge; Sylvia Kowalewski; Martina Ziefle | |||
| In the context of large scale projects public acceptance is indispensable
for a sustainable roll out and broad implementation of technology. Especially
when those projects deal with the implementation of relatively unknown
technologies like geothermal energy. To find out what communication need the
general public has, knowledge about the underlying cognitive attitudes toward
the technology as well as the mental representation is important. In this
context especially uncertainties about the consequences and risks are of
importance. In this study we get a deeper understanding of the mental
representation of geothermal energy by uncovering acceptance-relevant
cognitions which were assessed by interviews with open answer format. Results
show, that especially the communication about risks and possible disadvantages
should be integrated in an adequate information strategy. Keywords: Technology acceptance; Geothermal energy; Communication strategy;
Information strategy | |||
| Factor of Feeling "Hannari" from Kimono Images | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 335-344 | |
| Kumiko Komizo; Noriaki Kuwahara; Kazunari Morimoto | |||
| A separation from the kimono in Japanese society has an effect which has
serious implications not only for the clothing industry, but for the
continuation of traditional Japanese culture. However, for clothing, the lure
of the kimono's beauty only remains in a modern age as "attire for special
occasions." This paper attempts to define and classify one part of the kimono's
appeal, the Japanese expression, "hannari-kan," or "feelings of elegance."
Considering online shopping, we used a display device to show many kimonos for
consideration and ratings, to collect data and quantify "hannari". We also
assessed brightness and color in relation to "hannari" ratings. Keywords: Kimono; Obi; Aesthetics; Brightness; Color | |||
| Human Machine Epistemology Survey | | BIBA | Full-Text | 345-356 | |
| Rémi Nazin; Didier Fass | |||
| Pluridisciplinar convergence is a major problem that had emerged with
human-artefact Systems and so-called "Augmented Humanity" as academical fields
and even more as technical fields. Problems come mainly from the juxtaposition
of two very different types of system, a biological one and an artificial one.
Thus, conceiving and designing the multiple couplings between them has become a
major difficulty. Some came with reductionnist solutions to answer these
problems but since we know that a biological system and a technical system are
different, this approach is limited from its beginning.
Using a specifically designed questionnaire and statistical analysis we determined how specialists (medical practitioners, ergonomists and engineers) in the domain conceive themselves what is a human-artifact System and how they relate to existent traditions and we showed that some of them relate to the integrativist views. | |||
| A Study on Learning Effects of Marking with Highlighter Pen | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 357-367 | |
| Hiroki Nishimura; Noriaki Kuwahara | |||
| For learning students including elementary, junior high school and high
school students, improvement of academic performance is one of the most
important learning objectives. Types of problems in every subject are versatile
and it is essential to find key points and keywords in sentences as well as
questions under any situation. In order to find these key points and keywords,
information on sentences as well as questions should be organized which can
lead to increased attentional capacity as well as cognitive capacity. Various
kinds of writing materials are used by the learners, and especially highlighter
pens which are used by many learners for marking, when they are used for
marking as means of organizing information, can have effects on the improvement
of academic performance by the visual effects as well as through marking works.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of marking with a highlighter pen as a means to recognize necessary information. The Japanese language word problems, arithmetic computation problems and English problems were used and the amount of memory and the number of correct answers were measured to verify the effects. Keywords: Highlighter pen; Memory; Attentional capacity; Academic performance | |||
| Process Analysis of Kyo Karakami Manufacturing | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 368-378 | |
| Seiji Senda; Erika Suzuki; Tetsuo Kikuchi; Mitsunori Suda; Yuka Takai | |||
| This study is to clarify technique of expert in Kyo Karakami manufacturing
by using process analysis and the eye motion analysis. Kyo Karakami
manufacturing consists of "Some" process and "Kata-oshi" process. "Some"
process and "Kata-oshi" process divided by 4 and 5 phases, respectively. From
interview to expert, "Some" process divided by 3 steps. In "Some" process,
expert worked almost same time at each steps. In "Kata-oshi" process, expert
gave time "phase a" which provide total working time shortening. Keywords: Kyo karakami; Traditional hand crafts; Process analysis; Eye motion analysis | |||
| Exploring How People Collaborate with a Stranger: | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 379-388 | |
| Haruka Shoda; Tomoki Yao; Noriko Suzuki; Mamiko Sakata | |||
| We explored human-to-human communication when two people collaboratively
attempt to reproduce an abstract painting. We examined the effects of
friendship (i.e., stranger versus friend) and the task's three phases (i.e.,
first, second, versus third) on verbal and nonverbal behaviors. In our
experiment, pairs of strangers (n=24, 12 pairs) and friends (n=24, 12 pairs)
reproduced three abstract paintings. We measured the duration of their
conversations, gestures, and painting behaviors, and the behaviors were labeled
based on Traum (1994). The results showed that the amount and the functions of
painting differed as a function of friendship. Since friends seemed more likely
to focus on the efficient completion of the task, painting functions as a means
of communicating images to partners. On the other hand, since strangers attempt
to minimize conflicts with their partners, they start painting after discussing
what to paint next. Keywords: Collaboration; Friendship; Time-series change; Nonverbal behaviors; Abstract
art reproduction | |||
| Process Analysis of Expert and Non-expert Engineers in Quartz Glass Joint Process | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 389-398 | |
| Masamichi Suda; Toru Takahashi; Akio Hattori; Yuqiu Yang; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Quartz glass is a special glass material known as "King of Glass". The
silicon purity of the quartz glass is very high, therefore it is excellent in
heat resistance, chemical resistance and optical transparency as compared to
other glasses, such as borosilicate glass. In this study, the differences in
the working process between engineers with different years of experience during
the "joint-process" of quartz glass material were analyzed. "Joint-process" is
one of "fire-process" and is of heating and jointing glass cylinders during
rotating using a dedicated glass lathe machine. It is found that these
differences in the process of heating joint of glass cylinder have effects on
the accuracy of finial production and the manufacturing efficiency. Keywords: Ergonomics and sustainability; Quartz glass; Process analysis; Fire process;
Mechanical property evaluation | |||
| Comparison of Eye Movement During the Polishing Process of Metallographic Sample Between Expert and Nonexpert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 399-410 | |
| Takuya Sugimoto; Yuka Takai; Hiroyuki Nishimoto; Akihiko Goto | |||
| The carburizing process requires metallurgical inspection by means of
polished metallurgical mounts. Metallographic preparation for a metallurgical
mount is an important process for the quality assurance of the carburizing
process. The purpose of this study is to clarify the expert's characteristics
of polishing process based on the eye movement analysis. Two inspectors with 20
(hereinafter referred to as "expert") and 0.5 years (hereinafter referred to as
"nonexpert") of experience in metallographic preparation were interviewed and
their eye movement analyzed. As a result, the expert made pressure adjustments
and cleaning the surface and supplying alumina as needed while performing the
polish. Keywords: Polish; Metallographic preparation; Eye movement analysis | |||
| Omotenashi in the Japanese Bridal Market | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 411-418 | |
| Shigeyuki Takami; Aya Takai; Takuya Sugimoto; Masamichi Suda; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Omotenashi is the Japanese approach to exceptional hospitality. In
particular, the Takami Style of Omotenashi strives for the continuous
improvement of customer satisfaction in the bridal market. While the price of
weddings and bridal services are equivalent to purchasing luxury cars or other
high end items, bridal clients are willing to pay large amounts of money for
services that are not tangible items. Questionnaires were provided to brides
and grooms with the purpose of discovering ways to increase customer
satisfaction for bridal services. Keywords: Omotenashi; Customer satisfaction; Bridal market; Bridal industry; Takami
style | |||
| A Study on Characteristic of Calligraphy Characters Part 1 Analytical Method with Computer Technology | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 419-428 | |
| Zelong Wang; Issei Harima; Zenichiro Maekawa | |||
| The letter develops as the means that a human being takes the communication
and becomes the important element characterizing the racial culture. A variety
of letters exist in the world, but it becomes two big flows of a phonogram and
the ideograph at the present. The kanji is a representative of the ideographs. Keywords: Calligraphy character; Characteristic; Analytical method | |||
| A Study on Characteristic of Calligraphy Characters Part 2 Case of One Character of Calligraphy Letter "Kanji" and "Hiragana" | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 429-436 | |
| Zelong Wang; Mengyuan Liao; Kayo Yokota; Riichi Hagihara; Zenichiro Maekawa | |||
| During long history of Kanji in china, "Kaisho" (Regular script), "Gyosho"
(Semi-cursive script), "Sousho" (Cursive script) were born from 3rd century to
5th century. The Japanese improved a kanji and devised a Hiragana originally.
"Kaisho" letter is form not to transform. "Gyosho" letter is the form
transformed a little than it. "Sousho" letter is the form transformed more.
Hiragana letter has thin, long and smooth form. 4 kinds of calligraphy letters
are analyzed by using proposed system and characteristic of calligraphy letters
were thrown into relief from three viewpoints. The technique to evaluate the
characteristic of the shape of the writing brush style quantitatively is
proposed in this study. This study is classified into three parts. Part-2
treats one character of calligraphy Letter "Kanji" and "Hiragana". 188
characters are analyzed by using the proposed technique in part-1. Keywords: Kanji; Hiragana; Iroha poem; One calligraphy character | |||
| A Study on Characteristic of Calligraphy Characters Part 3 Case of the Writing Paper with Calligraphy Letter Works | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 437-444 | |
| Zelong Wang; Riichi Hagihara; Zenichiro Maekawa | |||
| The technique to evaluate the characteristic of the shape of the writing
brush style quantitatively is proposed in this study. This study is classified
into three parts. Part3 treats the writing paper with calligraphy letter works.
8 kinds of calligraphy letter works from songbook "Hyaku ninn isshu" are used
in the part3 of this study. Keywords: Calligraphy character works; Stability index; Songbook of hyaku ninn isshu | |||
| Estimation of Arbitrary Human Models from Anthropometric Dimensions | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-14 | |
| Yui Endo; Mitsunori Tada; Masaaki Mochimaru | |||
| In this paper, we describe a novel approach for reconstructing arbitrary
whole-body human models from an arbitrary sparse subset of anthropometric
dimensions. Firstly, a comprehensive set of dimensions is estimated from the
subset via the principal component space for the dimensions. Then, a skin
surface model with the obtained comprehensive set of dimensions is constructed
by deforming a whole-body human model template. The result is validated based
on the error distribution of the dimensions of the obtained surface mesh for
the target. Keywords: Human modeling; Anthropometry | |||
| Optimisation of Product's Hand-Handle Interface Material Parameters for Improved Ergonomics | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 15-25 | |
| Gregor Harih; Matej Borovinšek; Zoran Ren | |||
| Most authors have focused on the sizes and the shapes of the product
handles, but neglected those interface materials of the handles, which could
further improve the ergonomics of the product. Therefore we utilized
optimisation method to determine optimal interface material properties of a
product for optimal mechanical response of the system using numerical
simulations of a fingertip model grasping a product's handle. Objective
function was set to find material parameters in such way that the interface
material of the product stays firm during low grasping forces to provide
stability of the product in hands and deforms when a critical contact pressure
is reached to provide higher contact area. This increases comfort and lowers
the contact pressure on the hand and thereby the risk of injury development. Keywords: Tool handle; Material design; Optimisation; Ergonomics; Finite element
analysis; Contact pressure; Grasp simulation; Hyper-elastic foams | |||
| An Approach for Intuitive Visualization of Ergonomic Issues | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 26-36 | |
| Walentin Heft; Michael Spitzhirn; Angelika C. Bullinger; Paul Rosenthal | |||
| Ergonomics is the science of human work. One goal is the adaption of work to
the human, thus to create better working conditions and to avoid health risks.
Increasingly often, digital human models and corresponding evaluation methods
are used. Due to the mass of data and the variety of possible analyses which
come along with a simulation, the interpretation of the outcomes can take a
long time. We introduce a new concept, which enables a quick and understandable
visualization and navigation of critical ergonomic situations and their causes.
There are filter mechanisms available for changing the level of detail. These
enable a representation for specific target groups. Prior to the development of
the concept, expert interviews were conducted to specify the user requirements.
Each iteration step of the design process was evaluated in cooperation with
ergonomics experts. Keywords: Overview and glyph-based visualization; Ergonomics; Concept study | |||
| Correlation Analysis on the Main and Basic Body Dimension for Chinese Adults | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 37-43 | |
| Hui-min Hu; Chao-yi Zhao; Xin Zhang; Ling-hua Ran; Tai-jie Liu | |||
| In this paper, the correlations between the basic and five main body
dimensions are studied based on the latest anthropometric data for the Chinese
adults. Then the linear regression equations are established, which can provide
technical support for optimizing anthropometric measurements. Application of
this research finding in anthropometry can effectively reduce the working
difficulty, shorten the working hours and cut capital investment. It can help
expediting the update of the anthropometric data. Keywords: Body dimension; Anthropometric data; Correlation; Regression equation | |||
| The Experimental Research of the Thumb's Comfortable Control Area | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 44-52 | |
| Hui-min Hu; Junmin Du; Chaoyi Zhao; Fan Yang; Ling-hua Ran | |||
| Thumb control area is a significant concern for manipulating handheld
controllers. In order to obtain the thumb's comfortable control area of Chinese
people, experimental measurements were designed and carried out. The measuring
parameters included right thumb size, comfortable control area and comfortable
control angle range. The data showed that with the increase of control angle
(from 0° to 90°), the thumb's comfortable control far-end limit and the
near-end limit presented a monotonic increasing tendency. The thumb's
comfortable control far-end limit equaled to the thumb length when control
angle was about 60°. Combined with the Chinese people hand size database,
typical percentiles of thumb sizes were calculated. The results can provide
references for handheld controller interface design, especially those for
single-handed operations. Keywords: Thumb control area; Handheld controller; Interface design; Experimental
measurement | |||
| Study on the Body Shape of Middle-Aged and Old Women for Garment Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 53-61 | |
| Xiaoping Hu; Yan Zhao | |||
| The purpose of this paper is to study and determine the body shape
parameters of middle-aged and old women for garment design to satisfy their
needs of garment fitness. The body shape of middle-aged and old women who have
been more than 50 years of age in North China, were measured by garment
specialty students. The measure covered height, shoulder width, bust, waist and
hip circumference. The body shape data was collected from 108 different
middle-aged and old women fem. And SPSS was used for statistical analysis to
reveal the change of body shape about middle-age and old women then find out
the issue of size designation and the body shape of middle-age and old women.
Under this premise, the difference between chest circumference and abdominal
circumference as the research focus. Not only can the study provide data for
the costume design of middle-aged and old women, but also provide reference
data for tessellate garment size. Keywords: Middle-aged and old; Female; Physical characteristic; Garment size | |||
| Estimating Ergonomic Comfort During the Process of Mechanism Design by Interaction with a Haptic Feedback-System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 62-73 | |
| Thomas Kölling; Michael Krees; Mathias Hüsing; Burkhard Corves | |||
| The use of a Haptic Feedback-System (HFS) in the mechanism design process is
very promising. The RePlaLink HFS developed at the IGM -- RWTH Aachen
University is presented exemplarily. It is a hybrid solution combining a
parallel kinematic structure with a small serial actuator in the tool-center.
Therefore it is quiet powerful and still agile. Several scenarios of
implementation of hand-activated motion are shown. Moreover the way of
estimating the operator's ergonomic comfort and particularly, the advantage of
human posture scoring techniques are discussed in detail. Finally, it is
illustrated how this HFS can be used as a process driven tool for the superior
design process. The simulation capabilities and the haptic real-time display in
combination with special knowledge databases concerning the mechanism design
and testing are a powerful enhancement for novel as well as senior design
engineers. The common work flow can basically be changed, newly arranged and
improved. Keywords: Mechanism design; Ergonomics/human factor; Haptic feedback; Virtual
prototyping; Simultaneous engineering | |||
| The Role of Virtual Ergonomic Simulation to Develop Innovative Human Centered Products | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 74-83 | |
| Daniele Regazzoni; Caterina Rizzi; Giorgio Colombo | |||
| The paper concerns the use of integrated methodologies and tools to perform
innovative human centered development of products. Digital simulation of
ergonomics by means of DHM is shown together with advanced tools for design,
taking into account Knowledge-based systems, Design Automation and design of
highly customized goods. Two different applications of the proposed approach
are described, the first refers to an industrial product, the second to the
medical domain. Both applications, even if belonging to completely different
fields benefit from putting the human at the center of the developing paradigm
from the very first step of product development. Some results and discussion
highlight benefits and limitation of the approach and of the adopted tools. Keywords: Digital human modeling; Ergonomics; Human centered design; Design
Automation; Knowledge-based systems; Lower limb prosthesis | |||
| Anthropometric Casualty Estimation Methodologies | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 84-91 | |
| Daniel Rice; Medhat Korna | |||
| The design of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for force protection is
critical to soldier survivability and effectiveness for a range of combat
operations. This ongoing research project will support US Army technology
priorities for force protection through the research and development of new
approaches for analyzing fit and form of PPE, specifically body armor systems,
to better account for a range of individual body shape differences and enhance
protection. By leveraging high-resolution digital 3D scans and building on
existing models, this project will provide improved analysis capabilities to
scientists engaged in the design of current and future PPE systems. This paper
describes the ongoing research and development process for the creation of a
methodology to study PPE fit and form and describes potential technological
solutions and integration into existing systems. Keywords: Anthropometry; Body armor; Personal protective equipment; Casualty
estimation; Force protection | |||
| Experimental Study on Grip Ergonomics of Manual Handling | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 92-99 | |
| Ai-ping Yang; Guang Cheng; Wen-yu Fu; Hui-min Hu; Xin Zhang; Chau-Kuang Chen | |||
| Improper design for the grip structure will lead to inefficient operation or
work injuries. The study purpose was to simulate the shape, size, and position
of a gripping structure by using a 30 kg rectangular box as a heavy object, to
enhance the health and comfort for an operator. Ergonomic evaluation
experiments for grip structural factors were performed by samples testing and
virtual simulation methods for operational tasks. Research methods and results
in this study have some reference meanings and guidance for the man-machine
adaptation design regarding the shape, size, and location of manual handling
gripping structure of products, supplies and equipment. Keywords: Grip ergonomics; Samples testing; Virtual simulation; Manual handling;
Man-Machine adaptation | |||
| Moment Analysis of Virtual Human Joint Based on JACK | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 100-109 | |
| Qianxiang Zhou; Qingsong Yin; Zhongqi Liu; Fang Xie; Shihua Zhou | |||
| The purpose of this study is to explore the torque size of the joints of the
ankle, knee, and hip under the static posture of car driving when an external
force is exerted to the low limb joint. Twenty five anthropometric parameters
of ten participants were sampled. The personalized digital model of ten
participants was set up with sampled anthropometric data in the senior digital
modeling of JACK. By simulating the driving posture and using the static
strength prediction module of JACK, external force was imposed on front foot to
calculate moment of low limb joint when the degree of ankle joint and knee
joint was changed. The results indicated that the moment of knee joint and
ankle joint produced by external force gradually decrease with the increase of
ankle joint angle and the rate of decrease was faster and faster. The moment of
hip joint gradually decreased with the increase of ankle joint angle and the
decrease amplitude was uniform and linear trend. The moment of ankle joint
monotonously increase with the increase of knee joint angle and the increase
rate was slower and slower. The moment of knee joint first decreased and then
increased with the increase of knee joint angle and the moment of knee was
minimum when the angle of knee joint is 110°. The moment of hip joint
gradually increased and made a linear increase with the increase of knee joint
angle. The results calculated by JACK were compared to the data measured by
Primus RS system and their results were consistent. Conclusions can be made
from the result: the drivers can properly increase their ankle joint angle or
decrease their knee joint angle, so as to reduce the low limb joints torque
produced by external force imposed on foot because of braking; it is suggested
that 108° to 113°of knee joint angle is the best. Keywords: Human digital model; Lower limb joint moment; Driving posture; Computer
simulation | |||
| Parameter Estimation from Motion Tracking Data | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 113-121 | |
| Csaba Antonya; Silviu Butnariu; Horia Beles | |||
| User tracking for gesture recognition, object manipulation and finger-based
interaction within an immersive virtual environment represents challenging
problems. The motion capture system is providing the data for the user's motion
recognition, but the uncertainty remains in obtaining the exact motion of the
user due to the deformations, especially when the markers are attached to the
clothes or to the skin. This paper address the question how can this
uncertainty be solved, how can be obtained the geometrical parameters of the
users based on tracking data. The tracking data obtained from markers cannot be
independent and had to satisfy the physical constraint between the different
body parts, represented by the joints of the human skeleton. The Bayesian
filtering technique provides an efficient way to obtain the distributional
estimate of the unknown parameters. The obtained algorithm is well-suited to
identifying parameters of articulated models in the presence of noisy data. Keywords: Parameter estimation; Uncertainty; Tracking | |||
| Body Tracking as a Generative Tool for Experience Design | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 122-133 | |
| Monica Bordegoni; Serena Camere; Giandomenico Caruso; Umberto Cugini | |||
| Beyond ergonomic measurements, the study of human movements can help
designers in exploring the rich, non-verbal communication of users' perception
of products. This paper explores the ability of human gestures to express
subjective experiences and therefore, to inform the design process at its early
stages. We will investigate the traditional techniques used in the Experience
Design domain to observe human gestures, and propose a method to couple
Experience-driven design approach with Motion Capture technique. This will
allow integrating qualitative user observations with quantitative and
measurable data. However, the richness of information that Motion Capture can
retrieve is usually inaccessible for designers. This paper presents a method to
visualize human motion data so that designers can make sense of them, and use
them as the starting point for concept generation. Keywords: Motion Capture; Body Tracking; Concept design; User experience; Data
visualization | |||
| Modeling and Simulating Lifting Task of Below-Knee Amputees | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 134-143 | |
| Yan Fu; Shiqi Li; Qian Chen; Wei Zhou | |||
| Lifting is a common activity to below-knee amputees (BKA) in occupational
and living occasions. Appropriate lifting posture is crucial to physical safety
and health to those BKAs. Often healthy parts of BKAs might be hurt due to
extra and asymmetric force exertion compensating for deficiency of disabled
body parts. To prevent further hurt, a validated biomechanical model describing
lifting is essential to analyze lifting behavior of those handicapped. In this
study, twelve BKAs were recruited to lift 45 N weights from the floor. Subjects
are asked to lift three levels of weights (0 N, 30 N, 60 N) by two postures:
squat lifting and stoop lifting. Twelve non-BKAs were recruited as comparison
group to study the variance caused by disability. Calculated forces based on
Anybody were compared with EMG signals of body parts on spine and thigh. A
framework of three-level constraints models were applied to adjust the
difference between calculated forces and EMGs and the results validate the
model. Keywords: Below-knee; Amputees; Lifting; Modeling | |||
| Real-Time Static Gesture Recognition for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Using the Leap Motion | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 144-154 | |
| Shawn N. Gieser; Angie Boisselle; Fillia Makedon | |||
| Cerebral Palsy is a motor disability that occurs in early childhood.
Conventional therapy methods have proven useful for upper extremity
rehabilitation, but can lead to non-compliance due to children getting bored
with the repetition of exercises. Virtual reality and game-like simulations of
conventional methods have proven to lead to higher rates of compliance, the
patient being more engaged during exercising, and yield better performance
during exercises. Most games are good at keeping players engaged, but does not
focus on exercising fine motor control functions. In this paper, we present an
analysis of classification techniques for static hand gestures. We also present
a prototype of a game-like simulation of matching static hand gestures in order
to increase motor control of the hand. Keywords: Gesture recognition; Leap motion; Upper extremity rehabilitation;
Gamification; Cerebral palsy | |||
| Experience Factors Influence on Motion Technique of "The Way of Tea" by Motion Analysis | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 155-163 | |
| Soutatsu Kanazawa; Tomoko Ota; Zelong Wang; Thodsaratpreeyakul Wiranpaht; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, the difference technique of motion and process for "The way
of tea" on were investigated. The expert and beginner's motion and trace were
captured by High-speed camera system. In order to verify the correct motion
technique, a tea master and three people were employed as expert and beginner,
and two kinds of motion techniques and moving tracks were summarized and
compared during the whole tea making process. The expert' motion can be
considered as a good reference. Keywords: The way of tea; Tea whisk; Bubble form; Japanese tea | |||
| Study of Caregiver's Waist Movement Comparison Between Expert and Non-expert During Transfer Care | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 164-173 | |
| Mengyuan Liao; Takashi Yoshikawa; Akihiko Goto; Yoshihiro Mizutani; Tomoko Ota; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| As well know that caregivers employed in elderly nursing home suffer from
low-back injuries/pain at a terrible rate worldwide, however there is little
studies focusing on visual analysis of care works difference conducted by
expert and non-expert caregivers. In current study, a 'hypothesis' elder was
employed in both expert and non-expert caregiver's handling tasks. And two
caregivers with different experience years were selected as subjects named as
expert and non-expert, which were required to perform transfer care process for
the same elder object. With three-dimensional motion analysis, non-expert's
back pain cause was explained by waist up-down and horizontal plane movement,
waist roundness, lower back bend angle and waist joint angle comparison to
expert performance quantitatively. As a result, it could be concluded that
expert kept straight upper body and stable waist motion in a smaller range
during transfer care process which was considered as effective waist movement
for back pain prevention in intensive heavy care works. Keywords: Caregiver; Waist movement; Transfer care; Nursing home | |||
| Effect of Care Gesture on Transfer Care Behavior in Elderly Nursing Home in Japan | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 174-183 | |
| Mengyuan Liao; Takashi Yoshikawa; Akihiko Goto; Tomoko Ota; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this paper, care gesture effect on elder transfer care behavior between
bed and wheelchair was investigated. A 'hypothesis' elder (a 80 kg co-operative
female with 15 years of care occupation experience, assumed that the lower half
body is paralyzed) was employed in both expert and non-expert caregiver's
handling tasks. Both expert and non-expert's care gestures during transfer care
process (hold up, turning, lower down) were recorded by three-dimensional
motion capture system. In order to extract expert and non-expert care gesture's
feature difference, motion analysis of caregiver's body exertions was also
summarized by body gravity movement track, knee's flexion/extension, low-back
bending situation. As a result, it could be concluded that expert master
optimal care gesture to accomplish the transfer care work with reduced body
loading and limited energy by taking full advantage of lower half body
exertion. Keywords: Care gesture; Transfer care; Nursing home | |||
| Balancing Power Consumption and Data Analysis Accuracy Through Adjusting Sampling Rates: Seeking for the Optimal Configuration of Inertial Sensors for Power Wheelchair Users | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 184-192 | |
| Tao Liu; Chuanwei Chen; Melicent King; Gang Qian; Jicheng Fu | |||
| Smartphones have already been used to capture wheelchair maneuvering data to
analyze a wheelchair user's activity level, which is directly related to
his/her quality of life. Typically, the inertial sensors (e.g., accelerometer
and gyroscope) in a smartphone are used for data collection. However, the
limited battery life of the smartphone has become a major barrier to effective
data collection. The sampling rate, as a primary configurable parameter of an
inertial sensor, may have important impact on power consumption. Presumably, a
lower sampling rate would consume less battery power. However, it may
compromise the accuracy of data analysis. In this study, we investigate how the
sampling rate of inertial sensors impacts the battery power consumption as well
as the accuracy of data analysis. The four pre-defined sampling rate settings
of the Android OS were evaluated for their impact on the smartphone's power
consumption. Additionally, we also measured the accuracy differences of the
four sampling settings by comparing the sensor data-derived wheelchair
maneuvering distances with the actual distances. The experimental results
showed that it is possible and practical to balance the power consumption and
data analysis accuracy by switching between appropriate sampling rate settings. Keywords: Smartphone; Inertial sensors; Power wheelchair; Power consumption; Sampling
rate | |||
| MoCap-Based Adaptive Human-Like Walking Simulation in Laser-Scanned Large-Scale as-Built Environments | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 193-204 | |
| Tsubasa Maruyama; Satoshi Kanai; Hiroaki Date | |||
| Accessibility evaluation to enhance accessibility and safety for the elderly
and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not
only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and
cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities.
Human behavior simulation has been progressing in crowd behavior analysis and
emergency evacuation planning. This research aims to develop a virtual
accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using
a digital human model (DHM) with as-built environmental models. To achieve this
goal, we developed a new algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking
motions, adapting its strides and turning angles to laser-scanned as-built
environments using motion-capture (MoCap) data of flat walking. Our
implementation quickly constructed as-built three-dimensional environmental
models and produced a walking simulation speed sufficient for real-time
applications. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was
sufficiently small. Demonstrations of our environmental modeling and walking
simulation in an indoor environment are illustrated. Keywords: Walking simulation; Laser-scanning; Accessibility evaluation; Motion capture | |||
| Electromyography Measurement of Workers at the Second Lining Pounding Process for Hanging Scrolls | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 205-215 | |
| Yasuhiro Oka; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hisanori Yuminaga; Kozo Oka | |||
| Hanging scrolls are a traditional Japanese form of binding and displaying
artwork or calligraphy. The scrolls are rolled up from the bottom up and stored
in a box, or hung on a wall for display. It is important for the scroll to be
able to roll up smoothly without causing any creases when on display. Several
layers of Japanese washi paper attached to the back of the scroll make these
two functions possible. Wheat starch glue, a weak form of adhesive used to
fortify the back, is combined with a technique called "pounding" with the use
of a pounding brush, to promote adhesion. In this research, we attached an
electromyograph on two subjects -- an expert and non-expert binder -- to study
the movement of their muscles in 9 locations when pounding. Results of this
study are expected to help contribute to the acquisition of the binding
technique. Keywords: Electromyograph; Hanging scroll; Pounding brush; Aged glue | |||
| EMG Activity of Arms Muscles and Body Movement During Chucking in Lathebetween Expert and Non-expert | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 216-226 | |
| Porakoch Sirisuwan; Hisanori Yuminaga; Takashi Yoshikawa; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| The subjects were three men differential experience of lathe processing such
as 87,500 h, 6,300 h and 384 h on 87, 32 and 40 years old respectively. The
attendees were affixed fourteen reflective markers for motion analysis and ten
surface electrodes on the muscles of arms. The chucking movement did not leaned
the body and used the center of the body to be a center of movement
characterized the muscle contraction of expert on bilateral muscle of Flexor
carpi radialis and Triceps bracii and then they still used the right Extensor
carpi radialis longus, right Biceps brachii and left Deltoid. The abnormal
twisting movement by bending the body to the left side and leaned the left knee
down indicated the experts still contracted the muscle as like the first
movement. The muscle energy usages of the experts had higher than the
non-expert whom took a muscle continuously contraction along time. Keywords: Arms muscles contraction; Center of gravity movement; Body twisting
movement; Chucking movement | |||
| Process Analysis of the Hand Lay-Up Method Using CFRP Prepreg Sheets | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 227-236 | |
| Toshikazu Uchida; Hiroyuki Hamada; Koji Kuroda; Atsushi Endo; Masakazu Migaki; Junpei Ochiai; Tadashi Uozumi; Akihiko Goto | |||
| The autoclave molding method is performed by stacking CFRP prepreg sheets in
a mold; this method is widely used in airplanes and by the automobile industry.
Most three-dimensional-shaped parts are manually produced by the hand lay-up
stacking sequence method. Because of this, mechanical properties such as shape
accuracy and strength vary depending on the worker's skill. This is the major
issue when tackling the difficulty of quality control in hand lay-up molded
products. In order to alleviate these quality management difficulties, ideally,
all workers are provided operation manuals and obtain the sufficient skills to
prevent individual differences from occurring in the hand lay-up process. In
this study, we aim to establish qualification criteria and standardize the work
process of this method. We discuss how the differences in the hand lay-up work
process influence the mechanical performance of molded products, based on the
workers' skill. Keywords: Hand Lay-Up; CFRP; Modulus; Tensile strength; Process analysis; Mechanical
performance | |||
| Hybrid BFO-PSO and Kernel FCM for the Recognition of Pilot Performance Influenced by Simulator Movement Using Diffusion Maps | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 239-247 | |
| Jia Bo; Yin-Bo Zhang; Lu Ding; Bi-Ting Yu; Qi Wu; Shan Fu | |||
| This paper proposed a novel data reduction and classification method to
analyze high-dimensional and complicated flight data. This method integrated
diffusion maps and kernel fuzzy c-means algorithm (KFCM) to recognize two types
of simulator modes at different tasks. To optimize the unknown parameters of
the KFCM, a hybrid bacterial foraging oriented (BFO) and particle swarm
optimization (PSO) algorithm was also presented in this paper. This algorithm
increased the possibility of finding the optimal values within a short
computational time and avoided to be trapped in the local minima. By using the
proposed approach, this paper obtained meaningful clusters respecting the
intrinsic geometry of the standard data set, and illustrated the phenomenon
that the pilots vestibular influenced pilot performance and control system
under the Manual departure task. Keywords: Flight simulator; Vestibular; Diffusion maps; Bacterial foraging oriented;
Particle swarm optimization; Kernel fuzzy c-means algorithm | |||
| A Bi-level Optimization Approach to Get an Optimal Combination of Cost Functions for Pilot's Arm Movement: The Case of Helicopter's Flying Aid Functions with Haptic Feedback | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 248-257 | |
| Sami Cheffi; Thomas Rakotomamonjy; Laurent Binet; Philippe Bidaud; Jean Christophe Sarrazin | |||
| Force cueing and active control technology hold great opportunities in the
next generation of helicopters. The overall goal would be to reduce the pilot
workload and increase the situational awareness In this paper we present an
approach to help in designing such forces through the understanding of human
motor control and the relation that could be established with piloting an
aircraft precisely pilot's arm movement. This method is based on the
comprehension of the optimality criteria (cost functions and their weightings)
within inverse optimal control combined with Fitt's experiment using an active
side stick. Keywords: Cost functions; Inverse optimal control; Pilot's arm movement; Fitt's law | |||
| Development of a 3D Finite Element Model of the Chinese 50th Male for the Analysis of Automotive Impact | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 258-265 | |
| Hui-min Hu; Li Ding; Xianxue Li; Chaoyi Zhao; Yan Yin | |||
| Occupant thoracic and abdominal injury during automotive crashes accounts
for the biggest portion of all automotive injuries which is about 45 percent.
So it's important to improve the vehicle's protective performance which leads
to the high demand for crash test dummy. At present, crash test dummies are
used in automotive impact in order to design and assess new vehicle safety
performance. Hybird III I is widely used in the world and it's same in China.
However Hybird III doesn't meet the Chinese anthropology which the Hybird III
is bigger than Chinese. So it's in urgent need to establish the crash test
dummy for Chinese. In this study, a finite element dummy with thorax and
abdomen which is consistent with the 50th percentile Chinese male in order to
predict the mechanism response of Chinese occupant during automotive impact and
improve the impact automotive safety specifically for Chinese is developed. Keywords: Finite element; Chest; Abdomen; Impact; Automobile | |||
| Biomechanical Analysis of Human Thorax and Abdomen During Automotive Impact | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 266-273 | |
| Hui-min Hu; Li Ding; Xianxue Li; Chaoyi Zhao; Yan Yin | |||
| Injuries incurred to occupant during automotive frontal crashes range from
every part of the human body, and especially for the thorax and abdomen. It's
indeed to learn more about the impact biomechanical mechanism of human body in
order to improve the impact safety of vehicles to protect the occupant. In this
study, a previously developed finite model of Chinese 50th percentile male
thorax and abdomen is used to study the biomechanical response under frontal
impact. The stress-time, strain-time characteristics are analyzed. Quantitative
results such deflection curve are obtained and indicate that the 6.7 m/s
frontal impact leads to large deflection and stress which will damage the ribs,
lungs and other organs. Since the experimental study with human cadavers is
difficult to proceed, this finite element model based on the anthropometric
data from Chinese 50th percentile male can be used to analyze the biomechanical
response during automotive impact in order to improve the automotive impact
safety. Keywords: Biomechanical response; Automobile; Impact; Finite element | |||
| Toward a Model for Effective Human-Automation Interaction: The Mediated Agency | | BIBA | Full-Text | 274-283 | |
| Kevin Le Goff; Arnaud Rey; Bruno Berberian | |||
| In our increasingly technological world, automation largely improved some aspects of our life. Nonetheless, automation can also have negative consequences. Indeed, operators seem often helpless to takeover an automated system in case of failure. This "out-of-the-loop" problem occurs when operator is unable to understand the intentions and to predict the outcome of actions of the system, causing a decrease of control. The following article illustrates how the psychological approach of agency can help (1) to better understand this OOTL performance problem and (2) to propose design principles to improve human machine interaction in case of system automation. | |||
| Semantically Integrated Human Factors Engineering | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 284-294 | |
| Sebastien Mamessier; Daniel Dreyer; Matthias Oberhauser | |||
| This work presents a modern approach to Human Factors Engineering enabling
integrated simulation and human evaluation of early prototypes of flight deck
systems in a immersive environment. The presented approach introduces pragmatic
considerations regarding cognitive engineering frameworks such as Cognitive
Work Analysis and Hierarchical Analysis for practical use with computational
system simulations, laying down the foundation for efficient, quantitative
Human Factors analysis in early product design phases. This principle is
further demonstrated through a decentralized implementation leveraging the
advantages of semantically connecting an immersive Virtual Reality environment
with system simulations and semi-automated human factor analysis modules. Keywords: Human factors; Cognitive engineering; Virtual reality; Semantics | |||
| Single-Variable Scenario Analysis of Vehicle-Pedestrian Potential Crash Based on Video Analysis Results of Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Data | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 295-304 | |
| Renran Tian; Lingxi Li; Kai Yang; Feng Jiang; Yaobin Chen; Rini Sherony | |||
| Vehicle-pedestrian crashes are big concerns in transportation safety, and it
is important to study the vehicle-pedestrian crash scenarios in order to
facilitate the development and evaluation of pedestrian crash mitigation
systems. Many researchers have tried to investigate the pedestrian crash
scenarios relying on crash databases or pedestrian behavior prediction models,
both of which have some limitations like limited generalizability of the
results, missing of important information, biased results. In this study, we
propose to study the potential crash scenarios as one surrogate targets of the
actual pedestrian crash scenarios. Extended from several previous studies, one
single-variable scenario analysis is completed based on the video analysis
results of one large-scale naturalistic driving data collection focusing on
recording pedestrian behaviors in all kinds of situations. Through calculating
potential conflict rates and applying chi-square tests for around 40 attributes
from 12 scenario variables individually, this study has found out that number
of pedestrians, pedestrian moving speed, pedestrian moving direction, vehicle
moving direction, road type, road location, and existence of road
separator/median are all important scenario variables for potential
pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Keywords: Naturalistic driving data collection; Pedestrian crash; Potential crash
scenarios; Video analysis; Pedestrian behavior modeling | |||
| Driving-Behavior Monitoring Using an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 305-312 | |
| Calvin Zheng; Andreina Breton; Wajeeh Iqbal; Ibaad Sadiq; Elsayed Elsayed; Kang Li | |||
| Abnormal driving behaviors have been used as cues to identify Driving While
Intoxicated (DWI) drivers and prevent DWI-related accidents. Currently law
enforcement officials rely on visual observation for detecting such behaviors
and identify potentially DWI drivers. This approach however, is subject to
human error and limited to vehicles in a very small region. To overcome these
limitations, we propose to use an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for
driving-behavior monitoring to prevent accidents and promote highway safety. A
high-resolution optical camera on the UAS is used to capture the movement of
vehicles on the road. The vehicle trajectories are tracked from the captured
videos to identify the misbehaviors. This allows for a quicker response time
from law enforcement. A risk model is also developed for analyzing the severity
of misbehaviors while providing a basis to take appropriate action to reduce
dangerous activity. We developed a UAS prototype to showcase the practicality
and effectiveness of the proposed system. It was demonstrated that dangerous
driving activity on highways can be effectively and timely detected and
analyzed. Keywords: Driving behavior monitoring; Unmanned aircraft system; Driving safety | |||
| A Mobile Application for the Stereoacuity Test | | BIBA | Full-Text | 315-326 | |
| Silvia Bonfanti; Angelo Gargantini; Andrea Vitali | |||
| The research paper concerns the development of a new mobile application emulating measurements of stereoacuity using Google Cardboard. Stereoacuity test is based on binocular vision that is the skill of human beings and most animals to recreate depth sense in visual scene. Google Cardboard is a very low cost device permitting to recreate depth sense of images showed on the screen of a smartphone. Proposed solution exploits Google Cardboard to recreate and manage depth sense through our mobile application that has been developed for Android devices. First, we describe the research context as well as the aim of our research project. Then, we introduce the concept of stereopsis and technology used for emulating stereoacuity test. Finally, we portray preliminary tests made so far and achieved results are discussed. | |||
| Automatic Identification of Below-Knee Residuum Anatomical Zones | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 327-335 | |
| Giorgio Colombo; Giancarlo Facoetti; Caterina Rizzi; Andrea Vitali | |||
| The research work presented in this paper is part of an innovative framework
that deals with the design process of lower limb prostheses. The quality of the
whole prosthesis depends on the comfort of the socket, which realizes the
interface between the patient body and the mechanical parts. We developed a CAD
system, named Socket Modelling Assistant that guides the user during the design
of the socket, exploiting domain knowledge and design rules. In this work we
present a preliminary study that describes the implementation of a software
module able to automatically identify the critical areas of the residuum to
adequately modify the socket model and reach the optimal shape. Once the
critical areas have been identified, the Socket Modelling Assistant can apply
proper geometry modifications, in order to create the load and off-load zones
for a good pressure distribution over the residual limb. Keywords: Lower limb prosthesis; Neural network; Prostheses socket; CAD | |||
| Visual Comparison of 3D Medical Image Segmentation Algorithms Based on Statistical Shape Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 336-344 | |
| Alexander Geurts; Georgios Sakas; Arjan Kuijper; Meike Becker; Tatiana von Landesberger | |||
| 3D medical image segmentation is needed for diagnosis and treatment. As
manual segmentation is very costly, automatic segmentation algorithms are
needed. For finding best algorithms, several algorithms need to be evaluated on
a set of organ instances. This is currently difficult due to dataset size and
complexity.
In this paper, we present a novel method for comparison and evaluation of several algorithms that automatically segment 3D medical images. It combines algorithmic data analysis with interactive data visualization. A clustering algorithm identifies regions of common quality across the segmented data set for each algorithm. The comparison identifies best algorithms per region. Interactive views show the algorithm quality. We applied our approach to a real-world cochlea dataset, which was segmented with several algorithms. Our approach allowed segmentation experts to compare algorithms on regional level and to identify best algorithms per region. Keywords: Medical image segmentation; Visual comparison; Visual analytics;
Segmentation evaluation | |||
| Analyzing Requirements Using Environment Modelling | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 345-357 | |
| Dominique Méry; Neeraj Kumar Singh | |||
| Analysing requirements is a major challenge in the area of safety-critical
software, where requirements quality is an important issue to build a
dependable critical system. Most of the time, any project fails due to lack of
understanding of user needs, missing functional and non-functional system
requirements, inadequate methods and tools, and inconsistent system
specification. This often results from the poor quality of system requirements.
Based on our experience and knowledge, an environment model has been recognized
to be a promising approach to support requirements engineering to validate a
system specification. It is crucial to get an approval and feedback in early
stage of system development to ensure completeness and correctness of
requirements specification. In this paper, we propose a method for analysing
system requirements using a closed-loop modelling technique. A closed-loop
model is an integration of system model and environment model, where both the
system and environment models are formalized using formal techniques. Formal
verification of the closed-loop model helps to identify missing system
requirements or new emergent behaviours, which are not covered earlier during
the requirements elicitation process. Moreover, an environment model assists in
the construction, clarification, and validation of the given system
requirements. Keywords: Environment modelling; Closed-loop modelling; Analysing requirements;
Verification | |||
| Modeling of a Virtual Open Platform for Human Cranium Simulation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 358-366 | |
| Pedro Perestrelo; Maurício Torres; Pedro Noritomi; Jorge Silva | |||
| To prevent, detect and treat trauma brain injuries (TBI) one must understand
them and know how they occur. With the integration of biomechanical and
clinical theories, as well as research cases, a new era of cooperation must be
initiated. For that reason, our proposal of developing a virtual platform based
on the BioCAD protocol through computed tomography (CT) software, computer
aided design (CAD) software and finite element method (FEM) analysis software,
represents a joined effort in that direction. Results obtained with the
resultant model were in line with maxillary expansion results from the
literature, thus validating it. This model must be adaptable to the user and/or
patient, leading to an innovative tool for research, prevention and treatment
of TBI. Keywords: BioCAD; Brain; Finite element method; Simulation; Trauma | |||
| Influence of Proficiency on Eye Movement of the Surgeon for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 367-373 | |
| Hisanori Shiomi; Masamori Notsu; Tomoko Ota; Yuka Takai; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In this study, a training system of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined
surgical instrument simulation and eye movement analysis was established. The
surgical tool usage also was recorded by video cameras during the whole
training process. The eye track information and utilization information of
surgical tool were provided to interns as a study reference. The expert's
information also was showed to interns in order to make a comparison after
practice. The system had been shown to be effective in a variety of practices. Keywords: Eye movement; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Surgeon; Expert; Non-expert | |||
| Formalizing the Cardiac Pacemaker Resynchronization Therapy | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 374-386 | |
| Neeraj Kumar Singh; Mark Lawford; Thomas S. E. Maibaum; Alan Wassyng | |||
| For many years, formal methods have been used to design and develop critical
systems in order to guarantee safety and security and the correctness of
desired behaviours, through formal verification and validation techniques and
tools. The development of high confidence medical devices such as the cardiac
pacemaker, is one of the grand challenges in the area of verified software that
need formal reasoning and proof-based development. This paper presents an
example of how we used previous experience in developing a cardiac pacemaker
using Event-B, to build an incremental proof-based development of a new
pacemaker that uses Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), also known as
biventricular pacing or multisite pacing. In this work, we formalized the
required behaviours of CRT including timing constraints and safety properties.
We formalized the system using Event-B, and made use of the included Rodin
tools to check the internal consistency with respect to safety properties,
invariants and events. The system behaviours of the proven model were validated
through the use of the ProB model checker. Keywords: Pacemaker resynchronization therapy; Event-B; Refinement; Formal methods;
Verification; Validation | |||
| Stepwise Formal Modelling and Reasoning of Insulin Infusion Pump Requirements | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 387-398 | |
| Neeraj Kumar Singh; Hao Wang; Mark Lawford; Thomas S. E. Maibaum; Alan Wassyng | |||
| An insulin infusion pump (IIP) is a critical software-intensive medical
device that infuses insulin satisfying patient needs under safety and timing
constraints that are appropriate for the treatment of diabetes. This device is
used by millions of people around the world. The USA Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has reported several recalls in which IIP failures were
responsible for a large number of serious illnesses and deaths. The failures
responsible for this harm to people who are dependent on external insulin were
caused by the introduction of hardware or software design errors during the
system development process. This paper presents an incremental proof-based
development of an IIP. We use the Event-B modelling language to formalize the
given system requirements. Further, the Rodin proof tools are used to verify
the correctness of functional behaviour, internal consistency checking with
respect to safety properties, invariants and events. Keywords: Insulin Infusion Pump (IIP); Event-B; Refinement; Formal methods;
Verification; Validation | |||
| Later Life: Living Alone, Social Connectedness and ICT | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 401-412 | |
| Alma L. Culén | |||
| The paper presents a qualitative, interview-based study that seeks to
describe participants' perceptions and experiences with information and
communication technology. The participants in the study were active people,
aged 67 and over, who live alone in an urban setting. Interactionist theory of
loneliness was used to guide the inquiry, in particular regarding the
perception of the relation between the quality and quantity of connections,
loneliness, and technology. A set of visual tools such as communication maps
and cards were made to aid reflections and associations during interviews. Keywords: Loneliness; Social connectedness; Communication technology; Elderly | |||
| Effective Design of Traditional Japanese Tea Ceremony in a Group Home for the Elderly with Dementia | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 413-422 | |
| Teruko Doi; Noriaki Kuwahara; Kazunari Morimoto | |||
| Our group home is based on the following concept: "With the collaboration of
medical treatment and nursing care, we make it our goal to have everyone smile
every day and live life in accordance with their true selves." There are many
ways of inducing smiles, and one of them is providing recreation rooted in
Japanese traditional culture. We arrange events according to the season. In
this way we seek to arrange the environment and offer an individualized care
plan for the care of elderly persons with dementia whom we make every effort to
support every day. As dementia progresses, it becomes impossible to maintain
relationships or to remember one's past. Vexation and antagonistic attitudes
become prominent due to anxiety, and communicating becomes problematic. But we
have discovered that elderly persons with dementia change through participation
in a traditional Japanese tea ceremony, recovering their smiles and their
dignity. The tea ceremony is a tool enabling them to concentrate and share
information with staff. This record shows the gradual introduction of tea
ceremony at our group home. Keywords: Japanese traditional culture; Dementia care | |||
| A Collaborative Change Experiment: Diagnostic Evaluation of Telecare for Elderly Home Dwellers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 423-434 | |
| Suhas Govind Joshi; Anita Woll | |||
| This paper presents the diagnostic evaluation of a longitudinal
collaborative change experiment that introduces telecare as a means for
delivery of home care service to elderly home dwellers. The television is used
as platform for delivery of care services from the home care nurses office to
the private homes of the elderly home dwellers. We have included 34
participants in three sessions with evaluation and we use the results from the
diagnostic evaluation to discuss how we can optimize the design of remote care
in real environment. Our main findings concentrate on contextual factors that
made impact on experienced usability issues, including timing and unstable
network connection, complexity, and privacy and trust. In our study, we found
that telecare is not for every elderly home dweller as it requires a high
degree of functional capability in order to be experienced as appropriate and
useful for the elderly users. Keywords: Diagnostic evaluation; Usability issues; Elderly; Home telecare;
Collaborative change experiment | |||
| A Mobile Visual Diary for Personal Pain Management | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 435-440 | |
| Tor-Morten Grønli; Gheorghita Ghinea; Fotis Spyridonis | |||
| Back-pain is one of the most prolific health problems within the population
and costs industry lost revenue due to the amount of days people have to take
off in order to recover. In this paper, we have targeted this problem and
suggested a mobile app for visually diarizing the pain experience of patients.
The Android platform is utilized and its technology stack forms the basis for
this 3D centric application. Positive evaluations obtained provide evidence of
the promising nature of the approach and indicate several future directions of
research within mobile pain management. Keywords: Pain management; Pain diary; Interface; Mobile application; Android; 3D | |||
| Usefulness of Ikebana a Nursing Care Environment | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 441-447 | |
| Yuki Ikenobo; Yusaku Mochizuki; Akinori Kuwahara | |||
| Japanese society is aging rapidly and currently one in four people of the
population are the elderly. Due to the increasing number of the elderly who
need nursing care, improvement of their QOL is required. As a recreation
activity of the nursing care for the elderly, I implemented Ikebana, an aspect
of Japanese traditional culture of life. There was no change in the test
subject's NPI score, but in the GBS scale, which measures an immediate change,
improvement in emotional state of the subject was found. Compared to popular
recreation activities such as karaoke or viewing of DVD video, the subject's
mental state was maintained in good condition for a long period of time even
after making ikebana. The result suggested that ikebana has a healing effect,
especially for reducing the anxiety or for recovering calmness. Enjoying a
sense of season through flower materials, use of five senses by touching or
seeing, thinking for oneself, hand working with tools such as scissors and
having a dialogue with people are possible contributing factors. It is likely
that ikebana gives the elderly mental stability and that it is useful for
keeping them stay in good mental health, making a great contribution for the
QOL in aging society in the future. Keywords: Nursing care; Health; Recreation activity; Dementia | |||
| Usability of Mobile Applications Supporting Training in Diagnostic Decision-Making by Radiologists | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 448-454 | |
| Min Soon Kim; Awatef A. Ben Ramadan; Martina A. Clarke; Mia K. Markey; Kraig J. Lage; Michael R. Aro; Kevin L. Ingalls; Vivek Sindhwani | |||
| The objective of this study is to systematically review the usability of
mobile applications currently available in radiology to support training in
diagnostic decision-making. Two online stores with major market share (Google
Play and iTunes) were searched. A multi-step review process was utilized by
three usability investigators and five radiology experts to identify eligible
applications and extract usability reviews. From 381 applications that were
initially identified, user reviews of final 52 applications revealed 79
usability issues. Usability issues were categorized according to Nielsen's
heuristic usability evaluation principles (HE). The top three most frequent
types of usability issues were: Naturalness (43), Simplicity (43), and
Efficient Interactions (21). Examples of the most frequent usability issues
were: lack of information, lack of labeling, and details about images. This
study demonstrates the urgent need of usability test to provide evidence-based
guidelines to help choose mobile applications that will yield educational and
clinical benefits. Keywords: Education; Mobile application; Radiology; Training; Usability | |||
| An Investigation of Caregiver's Fatigue During Nursing Work in China | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 455-464 | |
| Mengyuan Liao; Yuqiu Yang; Yuka Takai; Takashi Yoshikawa; Akihiko Goto; Ting Yang; Tomoko Ota; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| In order to evaluate caregiver's fatigue during daily care work, an
investigation was carried out in Chinese nursing house. 100 employees from four
different nursing houses including day and night working shift were selected in
random for sampling survey. And the fatigue situation was evaluated applying
Japanese "subjective fatigue symptoms" (new edition of 2002) and "Tired body
parts" questionnaires in field question-answer form. Collecting "subjective
fatigue symptoms" questionnaire results were analyzed, which showed that
caregiver's fatigue degree at the end of working day is more serious with
larger scores than that of the beginning, especially caregiver in night shift
displayed more fatigue in blurry vision and languidness. The aim of this work
is to get a good knowledge of caregiver's fatigue situation basically and put
forward some effective measures and necessary assisted device to adjust to
Chinese nursing house development. Keywords: Caregiver; Fatigue investigation; Nursing work | |||
| Mobile Application to Aid in the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 465-473 | |
| Alvaro G. Lima; Lara Araújo; Isabel Italiano; Luciano V. Araujo | |||
| Pressure Ulcer (PU) is a wound in the skin and underlying tissues caused by
the lack of patient's movement leading to prolonged pressure exposure on
certain body part. The PU's may cause complications to the patient's treatment,
since it becomes a route of infection. Consequently, it can extend the length
of hospital stay and treatment costs. This paper presents the development of a
smartphone app to assist healthcare professionals in the prevention of Pus in
bedridden patients. The developed app aims to collect and analyze data for
estimating the severity of a health episode regarding suffering from patients.
In addition, a prototype was developed for testing using the Wearable platform,
based on temperature and humidity sensors together with ZigBee modules for data
acquisition and communication between architecture components. This approach
simplifies the interaction between sensors, applications, and medical staff
with a focus on improved patient care. Keywords: Pressure ulcer; Temperature sensor; Humidity sensor; Bedridden patient
monitoring; Pressure ulcer prevention; M-Health application | |||
| Development of a Self-learning System for Chest Auscultation Skills Using an RFID Reader for Nursing Students | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 474-481 | |
| Mitsuhiro Nakamura; Kyohei Koyama; Yasuko Kitajima; Jukai Maeda; Masako Kanai-Pak | |||
| The purposes of this study are (1) To develop a chest auscultation
self-learning system for nursing students with which both a self-learning tool
and an evaluation tool are integrated, and (2) To evaluate the system whether
nursing students are able to acquire the chest ausculation skills. We have
developed a system using RFID tags and RFID reader (TECCO). Six nursing
students used this system for 15 min, and received feedback after each
performance from this system. The students' performance was evaluated. The
highest score was 85, and the lowest score was 10. The range of practice time
was between 5 and 13. The differences between highest score and lowest score
for each examinee ranged from 63 to 25. The results indicated that nursing
students can learn the chest auscultation skills using this system even they
spend a limited time for practice if they use repeatedly. Keywords: Chest auscultation skill; Nursing education; Nursing skill; Nursing student;
RFID reader; Simulation | |||
| The Digital Reminiscence Method: Effect on Dementia in Japanese Day Care Centers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 482-489 | |
| Masayuki Nakamura; Takashi Yoshikawa; Kayo Tanaka; Mengyuan Liao; Noriaki Kuwahara | |||
| When considering working with dementia patients in communities or welfare
facilities, manpower problems and the existing caregiver's support system must
be considered. It is a modern reality that many facilities often struggle while
coping with dementia patients. However, as recent studies have reported,
depending on the way dementia patients are cared for, it is possible to
suppress problematic behavior such as violence, screeching, and/or wandering.
In order to assist dementia patients while using the "digital reminiscence" method, students, facility staff members, dementia patients and their families worked together in this study. Keywords: Effects on one's lifestyle; Movie production; Good staff coordination;
Families and students | |||
| Verbal and Nonverbal Skills in Open Communication: Comparing Experienced and Inexperienced Radio Duos | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 490-499 | |
| Noriko Suzuki; Yu Oshima; Haruka Shoda; Mamiko Sakata; Noriko Ito | |||
| This paper examines how the difference in talk skill for open communication
affects the orientation of the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the talk
partner or audience. An experiment was carried out using multiple radio duos
having different levels of talk skill, i.e., experienced and inexperienced. The
experiment's task was conducted in a pseudo-radio setting under three
conditions: audience-present talk, audience-absent talk, and
audience-absent/post-talk sessions. The speech and body gestures of all
participants were video-recorded and analyzed. The results suggest that the
different levels of experience in radio talk are expressed in different speech
and gesture orientations. These findings seem applicable to the speech- and
gesture-expression model for conversational robots, especially for nursing-care
robots designed to talk with other robots or cohabitants. Keywords: Open communication; Radio talk skill; Orientation of verbal and nonverbal
behaviors; Experienced and inexperienced radio duos | |||
| The Transfer of Expertise in Conducting a Participatory Music Therapy During a Combined Rehabilitation-Recreational Program in an Elderly Care Facility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 500-511 | |
| Akiyoshi Yamamoto; Henry Cereno, Jr. Barrameda; Tatsunori Azuma; Hideaki Kasasaku; Kayoko Hirota; Momo Jinno; Maki Sumiyama; Tomoko Ota; Akihiko Goto; Noriyuki Kida; Noriaki Kuwahara; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Not so long ago, in Japan, much emphasis were given to elderly's basic
life's needs like eating, sleeping, excretion and bathing, however support for
other problems of aging like mental and emotional health, muscle tone weakness,
and life satisfaction are much left out. Just until recently, new concepts like
QOL (Quality of Life) were seriously considered. This signaled the start of not
just focusing on giving support on the material needs but also giving equal
importance on issues pertaining to mental and emotional health, as well as life
satisfaction of the residents in the elderly care facility. Recreation for
improvement of mind and body functions of residents, as well as improvement of
daily quality of life are now being carried out. Jurisprudence, administrative
measures on recreational activities were also created. It has since been a
standard for the elderly welfare care facilities of to provide recreational
events appropriate to the number of residents. Different kinds of
rehabilitation and recreational activities were introduced, one of them is
Music Therapy. Activation of the brain, strengthening of the muscles for
swallowing, and emotional and mental stability are just few of the most common
beneficial effects of the said therapy. In this study, the setting for the
music therapy is a paid elderly care facility. Keywords: Caregiver; Paid elderly facility; Recreation; Participatory music therapy | |||
| Research of Work Climate at Nursing Home -- From Job Separation and Management Capability Point | | BIBA | Full-Text | 512-523 | |
| Akiyoshi Yamamoto; Tomoko Ota; Akihiko Goto; Noriyuki Kida; Hiroyuki Hamada; Henry Cereno, Jr. Barrameda; Tatsunori Azuma | |||
| Nursing care insurance system, which was introduced 14 years ago in Japan, helps our life. However, there are some problems such as job separation rate and excess and deficiency of employees at nursing home. "Care Work Foundation (CWF)" investigates about state of care work under name of the investigation "Actual Condition of Care Work" every year. According to the investigation in 2013, Staff Turnover Rate for one year (October 1st, 2012 -- September 30th, 2013) was 16.6% in all. And 56.5% of the nursing care staff felt that the employee's number was insufficient. (Insufficient = "greatly insufficient" + "insufficient" + "somewhat insufficient") In this research, the work climate at nursing home regarding Staff Turnover Rate and the management capability, which was not analyzed by "Actual Condition of Care Work", was carried out on 44 nursing homes in my company. Specially, analyzed the employee satisfaction, and examined the correlation of the reason and the timing of leaving their job. In addition, there are 6 points as management capability of nursing home; "management principle" "performance capability" "nursing ability" "expressing gratitude to others" "employee satisfaction" "customer satisfaction". Moreover the correlation of Staff Turnover Rate and the management capability on each nursing home was examined as well. These 6 points are based on the screening criterion of a management quality grand-prix. These 6 points are large categories, and there are 20 medium categories inside large category. "Management principle" has a medium category "empathy degree to management principle". "Performance capability" has 5 categories; (1) operating ratio, (2) admission rate, (3) Staff Turnover Rate, (4) labor cost rate, (5) number of nonconformity to ISO. "Nursing ability" has 3 categories; (1) Achievement rate of short-term target, (2) Number of accidents during the care, (3) Number of incident reports. "Expressing gratitude to others"; (1) number of "Thanks" Card, (2) number of "Voice for Super Court Staff" Card. "Employee satisfaction" has 4 categories; (1) satisfaction and fairness to the personnel evaluation, (2) number of interview, (3) Independent and caring personality, (4) employee satisfaction. In the "customer satisfaction", there are 5 categories; (1) service satisfaction, (2) meal satisfaction, (3) cleaning satisfaction in community area, (4) cleaning satisfaction in the room, (5) total customer satisfaction. The research showed the trend that the lower Staff Turnover Rate at each nursing home becomes, the higher the "operating ratio of nursing home". And the higher Staff Turnover Rate at each nursing home, the higher the "accident frequency rate during nursing care". However, there is no correlation between Staff Turnover Rate and "degree of empathy to management principle", "employee satisfaction" and "total customer satisfaction". The results shows that the nursing home with the maximum number of thanks cards in the 44 nursing home is the least in Staff Turnover Rate. | |||
| Caregiver's Eye Gaze and Field of View Presumption Method During Bathing Care in Elderly Facility | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 524-532 | |
| Akiyoshi Yamamoto; Tatsunori Azuma; Henry Cereno, Jr. Barrameda; Noriyuki Kida; Akihiko Goto; Tomoko Ota | |||
| Japan faces a critical need for nursing care as its elderly population
continues to grow along with a rise in dementia, the number of elderly people
who are bedridden and require extended care. Bathing is one of the most
important aspects of daily life in which provision of better quality care can
improve quality of life. However, in many elderly facilities, bathing is
fraught with dangers, such as falling and drowning in a big bath. Bathroom
floors can be slippery and cause residents to fall, and the constant vigilance
required can cause caregivers significant mental stress. Advancement in
biomechanics along with the development of nursing care devices had reduced the
physical stress on the caregivers. However, the efforts to relieve mental
burdens are still insufficient, especially when caring with elderly people or
those suffering from dementia, whose actions are rather unpredictable. By
measuring the caregiver's eye gaze and field of view, we believe we would be
able to locate the blind spots during bathing care. With the use of the data
gathered we aim to develop a system to improve bathing as a good experience to
the customer and a less stressful task to the caregiver. While measurement by
video camera was considered optimal, we conducted the experiment using motion
sensors due to privacy concerns. We performed four experiments to progress
towards our final result set. This paper focuses on the second of these
experiments. Keywords: Caregiver; Elderly facility; Bath care assistance; Presumption method; Blind
spot; Motion capture | |||