| Human Centered Design of a Pre-collision System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 3-10 | |
| Hirofumi Aoki; Hiroyuki Takahashi; Satoshi Udaka; Toshinori Okita; Hiroyasu Ichida; Masami Aga | |||
| Human error such as distraction and inattention while driving is one of the
major causes of the rear-end collisions. In order to help reduce those
accidents, a pre-collision system (PCS) has been developed and spread. A PCS
basically consists of the warning, the brake-assist, and the autonomous brake
functions. The total effectiveness of the system depends on not only the
autonomous brake performance but also the driver's reaction to the warning and
the braking maneuver. Earlier activation timing can make the system more
effective in terms of collision mitigation/avoidance; however, the drivers may
feel nuisance if the timing is too early. Thus, human factors issue should be
considered in designing and evaluating a PCS. This paper describes the
human-centered design of a PCS from object recognition to the effectiveness
estimation method. Keywords: Pre-Collision System; Perceptual Risk Estimate; Safety Impact Methodology | |||
| Causal Attribution and Control: Between Consciousness and Psychical Half-Shadow Application to Flight Operations | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 11-20 | |
| Bruno Berberian; Jean-Cristophe Sarrazin; Laurent Chaudron | |||
| The key of the development of HMI technologies lies in the acquisition of
knowledge and the integration of disciplines by industrials that are in the
scope of cognitive neurosciences. The purpose of this paper is to provide new
models to be applied in human centered design loops for cockpit in aeronautics.
Two different problems are introduced: (1) the purpose of consciousness in
action control, (2) the transformation induced by automation in term of agency.
For each of this problem, we detail how the problem is currently tackled by
cognitive ergonomics society, and how neurosciences could help in the
comprehension of the different mechanisms involved. Perspectives are proposed
for each of this issue. Keywords: Action Control; Agency; Automation; Cognition; Consciousness | |||
| Attentional Biases during Steering Behavior | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 21-27 | |
| Hans-Joachim Bieg; Heinrich H. Bülthoff; Lewis L. Chuang | |||
| In the current study, we examine eye movements of human operators during a
combined steering and discrimination task. In this task, observers had to
alternate their gaze between a central steering task and a discrimination task
in the periphery. Our results show that the observer's gaze behavior is
influenced by the motion direction of the steering task. Saccade reaction times
(SRTs) of saccades to the discrimination target were shorter if the target
appeared in the steering direction. SRTs back to the steering task were shorter
when the steering target moved away from the discrimination target. These
effects are likely the result of motion-related attention shifts and an
interaction of the saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement system. Keywords: attention; eye movements; saccades; reaction time; steering | |||
| A Validation Approach for Complex NextGen Air Traffic Control Human Performance Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 28-37 | |
| Brian F. Gore; Paul Milgram | |||
| Validation is critically important when human performance models are used to
predict the effect of future system designs on human performance. A model of
air traffic control (ATC) operations was validated using a rigorous iterative
model validation process that illustrated the success of representing ATC
operations in NextGen en route operations. A gold-standard model was compared
to three model iterations that represented different task management and human
time estimation processes when dealing with handoff operations. Keywords: Human performance model validation; air traffic control; NextGen | |||
| Personality and Attitudes as Predictors of Risky Driving Behavior: Evidence from Beijing Drivers | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 38-44 | |
| Jun Kong; Kan Zhang; Xuefeng Chen | |||
| The main aim of this study is to explore the relationships between
personality traits, attitudes and risky driving behavior, in order to build a
model of risky driving behavior that integrates the personality and social
cognition approach. The study was based on a self-completion questionnaire
survey carried out among 233 drivers in Beijing. The self-completion
questionnaire consisted three sections: personality, attitudes towards traffic
safety, and risky driving behavior. The results suggest that personality traits
are valuable predictors of attitudes and risky driving behavior, and attitudes
mediated the relation between the personality traits and risky driving
behavior. Implications for road safety strategies are also discussed. Keywords: personality; attitudes towards traffic safety; risky driving behavior;
drivers | |||
| Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Pilot's Cognitive Behavior in Flight Simulation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 45-54 | |
| Zhong-Qi Liu; Qian-Xiang Zhou; Fang Xie | |||
| This study examined the effects of 32 h of continuous SD (Sleep Deprivation)
on cognitive behavior in simulated flight. Four subjects who were skilled in
flight simulator took part in the experiment. Eye movement and flight
parameters were measured in the following 5 time periods: 1100 on DAY 1, 1500,
0400 on DAY 2, 1100, and 1500. Subject's cognitive workload and fatigue were
assessed with method of NASA-TLX (national aeronautics and space
administration-task load index) and RPE (rating of perceived exertion). Eye
movement indices of average pupil area, average saccade amplitude and average
saccade velocity decreased during the 32 h SD and they all showed significantly
changes in the final SD while the index of average fixation time increased in
the final SD. Flight performance that evaluated by four flight parameters of
the deviation of height, pitch angle, yaw angle and tilt angle deteriorated
during the 32 h SD, but not significantly. The feeling of fatigue and workload
reported by subjects both increased during the 32 h SD. Effects of daily rhythm
were also found, there were a obviously change at the hour of 0400. 32 h of SD
has obvious effects on eye movement behaviors which have close relations to
fatigue because of SD. The eye movement measurement can be served as a tool to
continually monitor fatigue online. Keywords: sleep deprivation; cognition; eye movement; flight performance | |||
| Towards Early Status Warning for Driver's Fatigue Based on Cognitive Behavior Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 55-60 | |
| Yanfei Liu; Yu Zhang; Junsong Li; Jing Sun; Feng Fu; Jiangsheng Gui | |||
| Based on ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational) cognitive architecture
this paper implements researches on a status warning system for driver's
fatigue, its goal is applying vehicle performance output and cognitive science
to build driver behavior model, using non-invasive detection method that
retrospect driver behavior based on model to monitor driving status, and to
reach the aims of driver status monitor and early warning. First, based on the
different detection methods' analysis of driving fatigue, the predominance of
cognitive science, and the inherent relationship between driver behavior and
cognitive science, the advantages of applying cognitive theory to researches on
driver fatigue are clarified. Then, based on the analysis of the factors
contribute to fatigue related accidents and observations of drowsy driving
cases, the viewpoint that the fatigue driving is consist of three stage and
corresponding to three status is proposed; accordingly, the declarative and
procedure knowledge for ACT-R architecture is extracted, and driver fatigue
behavioral model is implemented on the ACT-R software platform. Finally, the
simulation methods are applied to verify the model's validity and a framework
of driver status monitor and early warning system that contains the cognitive
fatigue driver behavior models is put forward. The research results indicate
that the fatigue driver behavior model has a strong advantage in the researches
of driver status monitor and early warning. Keywords: Cognitive driver behavior; driver status warning; ACT-R | |||
| Simulating the Impact of Mental Models on Human Automation Interaction in Aviation | | BIBA | Full-Text | 61-69 | |
| Sebastien Mamessier; Karen Feigh | |||
| This work proposes a computational approach supporting the simulation of human automation interaction in aviation. The development of an advanced human agent model that accounts for workload limitations, imperfect mental models and consequences on the operator's situation awareness provides new insight for future certification procedures regarding human interaction with complex automated systems. | |||
| Ergonomics Study of Direct and Indirect Visibility Evaluation at Uncontrolled Intersections Based on Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 70-77 | |
| Midori Mori; Noboru Kubo | |||
| Crossing collisions at intersections account for one-fourth of the total
accidents in Japan. This type of accident could be caused by the poor visual
environment at intersections, including the lack of indirect visibility
provided by traffic convex mirrors. However, no available desk methods have
been reported on the proper installation method for such mirrors. This paper
discusses the appropriate conditions for direct and indirect visibility. These
include mirror visibility simulation technology, which was developed by
applying three-dimensional computer graphics software. The simulated mirror
images were found to be highly consistent with actual images. The mirror
visibility obtained by an optimal mirror installation was found to be desirable
in both a simulation and field study. The simulation demonstrated that a slight
change in the mirror plate angle greatly influenced the visible distance. In
conclusion, the 3DCG simulation method was effective for examining conditions
for good direct and indirect visibility at intersections. Keywords: Visibility Simulation; 3D Computer Graphics; Traffic Convex Mirror; Crossing
Collision | |||
| Prediction of Drowsy Driving Using Behavioral Measures of Drivers -- Change of Neck Bending Angle and Sitting Pressure Distribution | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 78-87 | |
| Atsuo Murata; Taiga Koriyama; Takuya Endoh; Takehito Hayami | |||
| Recently, in Japan, the percentage of the death toll in traffic accidents
due to drowsy driving is the most dominant in all death tolls in traffic
accidents. Therefore, it is essential for automotive manufacturers to develop a
warning system of drowsy driving. A lot of studies are conducted to prevent
traffic accident due to drowsy driving, and make an attempt to assess
drowsiness by physiological measures such as EEG. However, it is difficult to
use such equipment for predicting drowsiness, because it is difficult to equip
an automotive cockpit with such equipment due to expensiveness and measurement
noise. As more convenient measure used to predict drowsiness, it was examined
whether the neck bending angle and the sitting pressure distribution could be
used to discriminate the arousal level. The effectiveness of these convenient
measures was experimentally assessed. In order to prevent traffic accidents due
to drowsy driving, an attempt was made to predict drowsiness (low arousal
state) using the change of neck bending angle and sitting pressure
distribution. As a result, these measures were found to be useful for
evaluating arousal level and predicting arousal level in advance. Keywords: ITS; prediction of drowsiness; neck bending angle; sitting pressure
distribution; COP (Center of Pressure) | |||
| Effectiveness of Automotive Warning System Presented with Multiple Sensory Modalities | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 88-97 | |
| Atsuo Murata; Michihiro Kanbayashi; Takehito Hayami | |||
| Although it is very important to drive safely by drivers themselves, it is
impossible to find drivers who do not make mistakes during driving. Therefore,
vehicles should be equipped with a system that automatically detect hazardous
state and warn if of drivers so that such a preventive safety can contribute to
the reduction of traffic accidents due to the oversight of important
information necessary for safety driving. This study paid attention to the
preventive safety technology, and discussed how the warning should be presented
to drivers. It was explored whether simultaneously presenting warning to
multiple sensory organs such as visual and auditory systems can promote
(quicken) the perception of warning even under the situation, where
interference between information of the same sensory modality occurs. The
auditory-tactile warning was found to lead to quicker and more accurate
reaction to a hazardous scene during a simulated driving. Keywords: automotive warning; multiple sensory modality; auditory-tactile warning;
reaction time; hit rate | |||
| Proposal of Automotive 8-directional Warning System That Makes Use of Tactile Apparent Movement | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 98-107 | |
| Atsuo Murata; Susumu Kemori; Makoto Moriwaka; Takehito Hayami | |||
| We proposed a tactile 8-directional warning system which informs drivers of
hazardous traffic situations hidden in 8 directions via tactile apparent
movement. The effectiveness of the proposed warning system was compared with
that of a warning system by simultaneous two-point stimulation and a system
without warning. As a result, the apparent lead to quick reaction and higher
hit rate (higher accuracy of hazard perception and recognition) as compared
with the simultaneous two-point stimulation. However, this was limited to the
front and the rear hazard, and was not true for all directions. The
vibrotactile warning system that can recognize hazards from all of eight
directions should be developed in future research. Keywords: warning system; traffic safety; apparent movement; simultaneous two-point
stimulation; reaction time; hit rate | |||
| Evaluation of Drivers Interaction with Assistant Systems Using Criticality Driven Guided Simulation | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 108-117 | |
| Stefan Puch; Bertram Wortelen; Martin Fränzle; Thomas Peikenkamp | |||
| Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) operate more and more autonomously
and take over essential parts of the driving task e.g. keeping safe distance or
detecting hazards. Thereby they change the structure of the driver's task and
thus induce a change in driver's behavior. Nevertheless it is still the driver
who is ultimately responsible for the safe operation of the vehicle. Therefore
it is necessary to ensure that the behavioral changes neither reduce the
controllability of the vehicle nor the controllability of the hazardous events.
We introduce the Threshold Uncertainty Tree Search (TUTS) algorithm as a
simulation based approach to explore rare but critical driver behavior in
interaction with an assistance system. We present first results obtained with a
validated driver model in a simple driving scenario. Keywords: Guided Co-Simulation; Driver Model; Hybrid Simulation; Risk Analysis; Monte
Carlo | |||
| Effects of Spaceflight Operation Complexity and Training on Operation Error | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 118-125 | |
| Meng Wang; Yijing Zhang; Bin Wu; Pengjie Li; Shanguang Chen; Jinwu Zhang; Min Liu | |||
| To investigate how the spaceflight operation complexity and training affect
operation errors of spaceflight tasks, a two-factor experiment was designed and
conducted. Nine participants performed eighteen spacecraft operation units
which were divided into three complexity levels during two training stages.
Based on the experiment data, the changes of average operation times and errors
at the initial and final stages were analyzed; the equations of linear
regression between the complexity and the average operation errors were
established. The results showed that the average operation errors were
significantly raised with the complexity at the initial stage (P=0.03, 0.02).
The operation errors of the low and middle complexity levels at the final stage
were much less than those at the initial stage (P<0.05). The operation
errors were significantly correlated to the complexity levels at the two
stages. It implies that suitable operation complexity and sufficient training
are two of the effective ways to ensure the reliability of astronaut operations
during spaceflight. Keywords: training; operation complexity; operation error; correlation | |||
| Predicating the Safety of Airport Approaches Using a Cognitive Pilot Model | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 126-133 | |
| Changpeng Yang; Tangwen Yin; Shan Fu | |||
| This paper introduces a new cognitive flight operator model (CFOM) that has
been developed for predicting the safety of airport approaches. The creation of
the CFOM is based on the frequency and percentage of accident associated with
Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) causal categories by
types of operation. Operator capacity limitation, decision heuristics and
action error mechanisms are incorporated into the architecture of CFOM to
produce the behavior errors. This cognitive model integrated with an
environment model consisting of a model of airplane, aircraft dynamics, and
flight environment forms Man-Machine-Environment Safety Analysis System
(MME-SAS) that can be used to investigate the cause of human errors and
aircraft accident. Keywords: Human Performance Modeling; Decision Heuristic; Rule Chunk Model | |||
| Pilot Performance Models | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 134-140 | |
| Xiaoyan Zhang; Hongjun Xue | |||
| Pilot as the controller of the aircraft whose performance is key for
aviation safety. This paper investigated three main pilot models at present.
The models all can solve the problems they are expected to well, but there is
no model that has integrated architecture for pilot information processed.
According to the characters of pilot executing tasks, the paper built the
architecture of "pilot in the loop" model. The model is dynamic and has the
ability to simulate the interaction of human-machine, and can also reflect the
micro mechanism and macro behavior of pilots. The difficulties of modeling have
been analyzed and the methods to solve the problems have also been put forward. Keywords: pilot modeling; human in the loop; cognitive model; control model; Fitts'
law | |||
| Supporting Conversation for People with Dementia by Introducing a Computer-Based Third Element to the Interaction | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 143-149 | |
| Norman Alm; Arlene Astell; Gary Gowans; Maggie Ellis; Phillip Vaughan; Richard Dye | |||
| The principle of introducing a third element to a stressful communicational
encounter, to which both participants can direct their attention, and which can
provide prompts for communication, has a wide potential applicability. We have
developed a system to support the communication of older people with dementia,
which uses this principle. The approach has uses in many settings in which
there is a cognitive or emotional blockage to communicational flow, several of
which are described. Keywords: assistive technology; cognitive prostheses; dementia; autism; cognitive
impairment | |||
| "Using Digital Interactive Television to Promote Healthcare and Wellness Inclusive Services" | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 150-156 | |
| André Baptista; Ágata Dourado Sequeira; Iolanda Veríssimo; Célia Quico; Mário Cardoso; Manuel José Damásio | |||
| The potential of digital interactive television (iDTV) to promote original
services, formats and contents that can be relevant to support personal health
care and wellness of individuals, namely elderly people, has not been fully
explored yet in the past. Therefore, in a context of rapid change of the
technological resources, in which the distribution and presentation of content
comes associated to new platforms (such as digital terrestrial TV and IPTV), it
is important to identify the configurations that are being developed for
interactive digital TV (iDTV) that may result in relevant outcomes within the
field of healthcare and wellness, with the aim of offering complementarity to
the existing services and contents made available today via the traditional
means and media.
This article describes and discusses the preliminary results of the first part of the research project iDTV-HEALTH: Inclusive services to promote health and wellness via digital interactive television. These first results suggest that iDTV solutions may represent a real contribution to bring healthcare and wellness to the target population, namely as a supplement to health services provision. Keywords: Healthcare; wellness; digital; television; ICTs | |||
| Homecare Risk Management: Nursing Issues Related to Technology | | BIBA | Full-Text | 157-162 | |
| Juliana J. Brixey; James P. Turley | |||
| Traditional risk management may not address the needs of technology being introduced into homecare situations for nurses. We propose to augment traditional risk management with insights from Prevention through Design and The 8 Rights giving a more technology focus to risk management. | |||
| Facilitators' Intervention Variance and Outcome Influence When Using Video Games with Fibromyalgia Patients | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 163-172 | |
| Anthony L. Brooks; Eva Petersson Brooks | |||
| 22 adult females diagnosed as suffering Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
participated in two explorative studies investigating potential benefits from
playing gesture-controlled video games. A main goal was researching potentials
of commercial gaming systems with inbuilt Internet connectivity toward
home-based self-driven adaptable 'telerehabilitation' targeting means to
increase tolerance to pain and thus, augmenting quality of life for sufferers.
Beside this, an aim was to study variance between facilitator formal and
informal intervention approaches and to analyze potential influence on
outcomes; this is the core focus of this paper. Typical to FMS studies, high
patient drop out numbers resulted in limited compliance. Informal facilitator
intervention (non-therapist) resulted in significantly higher outcome scores
(increased tolerance indicators/reported pain threshold) when compared to a
formal therapeutic intervention approach. Findings, whilst not conclusive,
offer a point of departure to discuss how intervention approach influences
outcomes and patient benefit, especially when a self-driven training regime is
designed. Keywords: Fibromyalgia; Video Games; Pain; Facilitator Intervention | |||
| The Causal Analysis of Requested Alterations for Pressure Garments | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 173-182 | |
| Chia-Fen Chi; Chih-Hsiang Lin; Hung-Wei Cheng | |||
| The purpose of this study was to examine altered pressure garments requested
by burn patients, in Taiwan. Three hundred forty-two pressure garments needing
alterations were collected from 127 burn patients at the Sunshine Foundation
Organization, an nonprofit organization for burn patients to identify the major
defects found in these pressure garments and their causes. Causes of required
alterations were classified according to a hierarchical coding scheme focusing
on poor fit, discomfort, component part, fabric and sewing, and cosmetics to
identify systematic problems for each garment type. The result of our analysis
indicated that the majority of the pressure garment alterations were related to
poor fit in circumferential and longitudinal dimensions of the various body
parts, incorrect position and size of openings for eyes, nose, ears, and mouth,
or inappropriate length or position of zippers. Information derived from this
causal analysis can be applied in helping to reduce the recurrence of
alterations in pressure garment, thus improving the quality and effectiveness
of pressure therapy. Keywords: pressure garment; defect analysis; causal analysis | |||
| Towards Enhancing the Acoustic Models for Dysarthric Speech | | BIBA | Full-Text | 183-188 | |
| Kuruvachan K. George; C. Santhosh Kumar | |||
| Dysarthria is a set of congenital and traumatic neuromotor disorders that impair the physical production of speech. These impairments reduce or remove the normal control of the vocal articulators. The acoustic characteristics of dysarthric speech is very different from the speech signal collected from a normative population, with relatively larger intra-speaker inconsistencies in the temporal dynamics of the dysarthric speech [1] [2]. These inconsistencies result in poor audible quality for the dysarthric speech, and in low phone/speech recognition accuracy. Further, collecting and labeling the dysarthric speech is extremely difficult considering the small number of people with these disorders, and the difficulty in labeling the database due to the poor quality of the speech. Hence, it would be of great interest to explore on how to improve the efficiency of the acoustic models built on small dysarthric speech databases such as Nemours [3], or use speech databases collected from a normative population to build acoustic models for dysarthric speakers. In this work, we explore the latter approach. | |||
| Supporting a Participant-Centric Management of Obesity via a Self-improving Health Game | | BIBA | Full-Text | 189-196 | |
| Philippe J. Giabbanelli; Penny Deck; Lisa Andres; Thecla Schiphorst; Diane T. Finegood | |||
| A majority of American and Canadian adults are currently obese or overweight. Despite the urgency in tackling this issue, current interventions have not yet been able to provide sustainable weight loss, in part due to the difficulty of maintaining engagement over an extended period of time. Emerging trends in self-management have led to the design of new health tools in HCI that can improve individual engagement. In this paper, we propose to combine health games with recommender systems. The former has a demonstrated ability in promoting behaviour change, while the latter is able to personalize user experience. This approach goes beyond traditional health games, as the recommender system's personalization provides players with options tailored to the specific factors shaping their weight, thereby allowing for a high degree of customization which is sought after but difficult to achieve in weight interventions. Focusing on what matters for each individual can also be used to initiate dialogue with a health-care provider, which sets the stage for increased agreement on treatment and can lead to improved health outcomes. | |||
| Feedback-Based Self-training System of Patient Transfer | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 197-203 | |
| Zhifeng Huang; Ayanori Nagata; Masako Kanai-Pak; Jukai Maeda; Yasuko Kitajima; Mitsuhiro Nakamura; Kyoko Aida; Noriaki Kuwahara; Taiki Ogata; Jun Ota | |||
| In this paper, we propose a self-training system to assist nursing students
to learn nursing skills. The system focuses on the task of transferring a
patient from a bed to a wheelchair. In the system, two Kinect sensors were
applied to measure the posture of the trainees and patients and an automatic
evaluation method was used to classify the trainees' performance in each skill
as correct or incorrect. A feedback interface based on a checklist was designed
to help the trainees check whether they performed correctly. The system is
designed for the trainees to operate by themselves. A control test was
performed to measure the training effects of the system. The results show that
the growth rate of the group that trained with feedback (79%) was higher than
the group that trained without feedback (48%). Keywords: self-training system; patient transfer; Kinect sensor; nursing skills;
feedback | |||
| A Comparative Analysis of the Educational Effectiveness of Leaflet and Website for Low-Literate Patients -- A Case Study of Immigrant Mothers in Taipei | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 204-213 | |
| Yah-Ling Hung; Kai-Ren Chen; Catherine Stones; Thomas Cassidy | |||
| Low health literacy has been associated with poor outcomes in health care.
Recent research suggests that good health educational material can help to
reduce the literacy barrier and enhance health outcome. Immigrant populations
are vulnerable to serious health disparities, and language barriers may further
exacerbate their limited health literacy in accessing health care information.
Yet, ways to help low-literacy parents to look after their children by applying
health educational material are still at an early stage of development. The
purpose of this study is to compare the educational effectiveness of leaflet
and website to deliver knowledge related to children allergy healthcare for
immigrant mothers with low literacy, thus establishing design guidelines of
health educational materials for low-literate patients. The study was
implemented in five stages, including a focus group interview, the development
of testing media, a reliability and validity test, a pre-post knowledge test,
and a usability survey. The findings revealed the problems low-literate
patients usually encountered at the clinic, the pediatric information they most
needed, the way they were able to acquire knowledge of children's healthcare,
and the media they usually used to access information. Moreover, the results
demonstrated that the leaflet intervention, as well as the website
intervention, had a positive outcome. However, there was no significant
difference between the influence of design intervention made by the leaflet and
by the website. The findings also showed that the criteria used by low-literate
patients to evaluate health educational material could be analyzed in terms of
the quality of information, presentation, and appeal. An assessment checklist
related to the design of health educational materials for low-literate patients
was also listed. Keywords: Design Intervention; Health Literacy; Low-literate Health Education; Health
Educational Material Design | |||
| Effect Evaluation of Recreational Coloring Carried Out at Pay Nursing Home | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 214-222 | |
| Shinichiro Kawabata; Nasu Maki; Akiyoshi Yamamoto; Yoshiyuki Kida; Noriaki Kuwahara; Akihiko Goto; Hiroyuki Hamada | |||
| Aging has becoming a serious problem to be solved in wide area of the world.
In this study coloring was taking place at the pay nursing home for the aged
tenant as part of the recreation, and the influence to the tenant was verified.
It was suggested that the coloring showed effect to improvement s for reducing
the frequency of wandering around and petition of excretion of the tenant.
Coloring is easily done compared to painting and descriptions, also regardless
to the needing care degree, more over a care worker's burden can also be
reduced. As the result shows, coloring is suggested as an activity that should
be taken as one of the recreations at the pay nursing home. Keywords: key words Coloring recreation; Dementia; Nursing home | |||
| A Study for Conducting Waves by Using the Multi-channel Surface EMG | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 223-231 | |
| Tomohiro Kosuge; Naoaki Itakura; Kazuyuki Mito | |||
| The surface electromyogram (EMG) is recorded as the interference electric
potential generated by motor units in muscle. Therefore, it may be possible to
analyze the muscle contraction mechanism in order to examine the composition of
the interference signal of the surface EMG. We herein propose a new method by
which to analyze the composition of the surface EMG. The proposed method
involves searching conducting wave which mean similar waveforms considered same
wave appearing during several channels by using multi-channel surface EMG, and
we can analyze surface EMG as a set of conducting waves. The proposed method is
referred to as the multi-channel method for conducting waves (m-ch method). We
analyzed multi-channel EMG using the proposed method. Keywords: EMG; surface EMG; MFCV; motor unit | |||
| Implementing Scenarios as an Evaluation Method of the Patient-Physician Interaction in Decision Aids | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 232-239 | |
| Curtis V. Lauterbach; Jeremiah D. Still | |||
| Decision aids are being used in the exam room to assist physicians with
diagnosing. Past research on computer-based decision aids examined perceived
physician capabilities and degree of liability, and their impact on the
patient-physician interaction. However, no one has contrasted the use of
physical aids (physician's desk reference) with computerized aids on these
characteristics. In this study, participants were given a scenario in which
they took on the role of the patient and were asked to rate the physician's
capabilities and degree of liability given a negative outcome. There were no
significant differences between the aid types (computer, physical, or no)
employed on physician capabilities or liability. However, we suggest that
scenarios can effectively be used to assess the impact of decision aids on the
physician-patient interaction. Keywords: scenario; decision aid; patient-physician interaction | |||
| Plantar Pressure Gradient Angles to Evaluate Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 240-247 | |
| Chi-Wen Lung; Ben-Yi Liau; Yih-Kuen Jan | |||
| Diabetic foot ulcers remain one of the most serious complications of
diabetes mellitus. Peak pressure gradient (PPG) has demonstrated to contribute
to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. This study used the time-varying
directions of instantaneous PPG angle to evaluate the risk of diabetic foot
ulcers. A total of 14 participants were studied, including 7 diabetics and 7
non-diabetic controls. The peak plantar pressure (PPP), PPG, and PPG angle at
the great toe were calculated from plantar pressures obtained by the F-scan
plantar pressure measurement system during walking. The results showed that the
PPP and PPG in the diabetics were significantly higher than in the controls,
but the PPG angle in the diabetics was significantly lower than in the
controls. This study provides evidence that the diabetics are associated with
higher PPP and PPG and lower PPG angle as compared to non-diabetics. The
proposed PPG angle may improve our understanding of the influence of PPG on the
risk for diabetic foot ulcers. Keywords: diabetic foot ulcers; peak pressure gradient; plantar pressure | |||
| Explicit Tracking in the Diagnostic Process for Hand Dermatological Practices | | BIBA | Full-Text | 248-257 | |
| Luca Mazzola; Sara Marceglia; Stefano Bonacina; Francesco Pinciroli; Fabio Ayala; Ornella De Pitá; Paolo Pigatto | |||
| The complexity of the medical diagnostic practices is faced nowadays mainly with an extensive and long education and with on-the-job training for GPs. Despite these efforts, a big part of the diagnostic process remains implicit in the everyday practicies of skilled professionals. This project aims at an explicit tracking of this ability through the filling-in of an additional importance level for the voices in the Electronic Medical Record. The collected data leads to the extraction of rules that can empower a Decision Support System for hand dermatological practictioner with suggestions and/or diagnoses distribution probability for a specific situation. | |||
| Ideal Mode Selection of a Cardiac Pacing System | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 258-267 | |
| Dominique Méry; Neeraj Kumar Singh | |||
| Mode transition in any inappropriate mode can be a common cause of any
mishap in a complex health-care system. This paper presents an approach for
formalizing and reasoning about optimal mode transition in a health-care system
that uses several operating modes in various operating states. Modes are
formalized and their relation to a state-based formalism is established through
a refinement approach. The efficiency of this approach is presented by
formalizing an ideal operating mode transition of a cardiac pacemaker case
study. An incremental approach is used to develop the system and its detailed
design is verified through a series of refinements. The consequence of this
approach is to improve system structuring, elicitation of system assumptions
and expected functionality, as well as requirement traceability using modes in
state-based modeling. Models are expressed in Event B modeling language and
validated by a model checker tool: ProB. Keywords: Abstract model; Event-B; Proof-based development; Refinement; Modes;
Pacemaker | |||
| Development of a Measurement and Evaluation System for Bed-Making Activity for Self-training | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 268-275 | |
| Ayanori Nagata; Zhifeng Huang; Masako Kanai-Pak; Jukai Maeda; Yasuko Kitajima; Mitsuhiro Nakamura; Kyoko Aida; Noriaki Kuwahara; Taiki Ogata; Jun Ota | |||
| This study proposes a method to automatically measure multiple objects by
image processing for constructing a system for nursing trainees of
self-training in the skill of bed making. In a previous study, we constructed a
system to measure and evaluate trainee performance using three RGB-D (RGB color
and depth) sensors. Our previous system had a problem with recognition of
equipment such as the bed pad and the sheet because of color change by the
light condition, the automatic color correction by the sensors and color
variability in one object. In this paper, we used color reduction and cluster
selection for equipment recognition. The system reduced the color in images by
using k-means clustering and recognized the clusters as separate objects by
predetermined thresholds. Compared with the previous method, the recognition
accuracy was higher and the accuracy achieved was 70%. Keywords: image processing; self-training support system | |||
| Usability Problems in Patient- and Clinician-Oriented Health Information Systems: What Are They and How Do They Differ? | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 276-285 | |
| Dinara Saparova; Josipa Basic; Yunhui Lu; Francis Kibaru; Yanfei Ma; Borchuluun Yadamsuren | |||
| This study aimed to identify the usability problems in the eVisits based on
the interaction experience of the three target user groups and compare their
preferences for usability features. We used think aloud usability sessions with
5 patients, 5 nurses and 5 physicians in a laboratory setting to examine users'
interaction with the eVisits. Nielsen's usability heuristic principles were
applied to analyze the recorded usability sessions in Morae. Usability feature
preferences among three groups were overlapped in the four heuristics. However,
each user group had their own perceptions of these criteria specific to their
unique needs. Clinicians tended to emphasize the importance of features
relevant to their professional activity. Error prevention and
aesthetic/minimalist design heuristics were brought up in the comments of
physicians while two other groups did not mention anything related to these
criteria. Only patients expected the features related to help and documentation
heuristic. Keywords: usability; e-visit; electronic visit system; health information system | |||
| AmI-Technology at Work -- A Sociological Perspective Covering Aspects of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 289-296 | |
| Michael Bretschneider-Hagemes | |||
| Ambient Intelligence (AmI) technologies are becoming increasingly widespread
in working life. Some of these are specific applications already integrated in
the workflow, while others are ambitious strategies on the verge of immediate
industrial implementation. However different they may be, they are commonly
discussed under the shared term of "ambient intelligence" as a conceptual
catch-all. In the present article, the author reflects on this somewhat simple
definition and, with the aid of technology-centred definitions on the one hand
and issues of the sociology of work relating to human-centricity on the other,
he facilitates more instructive access to the responsible application of AmI
technologies in the world of work. Keywords: ambient intelligence; mobile ICT; mental stresses; alienation; surveillance | |||
| Bayesian Affordance-Based Agent Model for Wayfinding Behaviors in Evacuation Problems | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 297-306 | |
| Moise Busogi; Namhun Kim; Dongmin Shin; Hokyoung Blake Ryu; Arm Yoo; Dongchul Kim | |||
| In this paper, we propose a modeling framework of rational human actions in
human-environment systems by evaluating probable human actions in physical and
psychological dimensions. In the affordance theoretic perspective, an
environment offers certain physical and psychological limitations to filter a
finite number of feasible human actions that lead to desired system states in a
spatio-temporal dimension. By integrating physical and psychological
constraints in human decision making processes, a value-based
Bayesian-affordance model is proposed using Markov Decision Model. To this
ends, two different types of filters, 'F1' and 'F2' are proposed, where 'F1' is
a preference-based numerical filter conceived at the planning level for
psychological constraints and 'F2' an affordance-based numerical filter at the
execution level in which agent's perception of physical action availability
plays a big role. Finally, a simple example based on the proposed model is
illustrated to verify the proposed framework and the analysis results are
discussed. Keywords: Affordance; way-finding; dynamic programming; Markov Decision Process | |||
| A Sustainable Human Centered Design Framework Based on Human Factors | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 307-315 | |
| H. Onan Demirel; Vincent G. Duffy | |||
| Since humans are creators and users of artifacts and processes, and are
constrained by limited resources, a sustainable approach with human element in
the center of the development cycle is vital today. Managing and understanding
technical and analytical issues about human element in design process is a core
challenge for practitioners to develop and improve design strategies that
serves to accommodate human needs, abilities and limitations. Although
attention has increased in recent decades, direct progress towards a
sustainable product development is still not apparent. Methods for
sustainability are mostly applied as post-processing activities to safeguard
nature, however a pro-active approach is necessary. A sustainable Human
Centered Design platform provides an alternative approach to deal with the
degeneration of the ecology while providing alternative criteria for
considering customer requirements. This paper focuses on improving product
design by considering Human Factors as a medium to integrate Sustainability and
Human Centered Design strategies. The emphasis in this framework is to
introduce Human Factors aspects of product design early in the concept
generation phase, provide a modular platform to allow integration of domain
knowledge and technologies and to enhance the product development, and overall
well being of human element in design cycle. Keywords: Human Centered Design; Sustainability; Human Factors; Product Design;
Digital Human Modeling; Ergonomics | |||
| Putting in Perspective Human-Machine System Theory and Modeling: From Theoretical Biology to Artifacts Integrative Design and Organization | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 316-325 | |
| Didier Fass | |||
| Thinking about human systems integration is thinking human, system and
human-system for designing and organizing system of systems from human-machine
level to socio-technological level. For critical human in-the-loop systems
there is a strong need of reliability and consistency from modeling,
development and life cycle systems. A main epistemic issue rises: does it exist
a conceptual framework, both theoretical and experimental, that ensures
reliability and consistency of human system integration design and
organization? According to the Italian Renaissance painting perspective
principles invention, our paper puts in perspective human systems integrations
from theoretical biology to systems sciences, and it presents an isomorphic
framework for modeling human systems integration especially adapted at the
human machine level, for medicine, defense and aerospace. Keywords: human systems integration; human-machine; theoretical biology; systems
theory; isomorphic framework; perspective; modeling | |||
| Friction Measurements in a Hand Tool Factory | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 326-331 | |
| Kai Way Li; Ching Chung Chen; Liwen Liu; Chih-Yong Chen | |||
| Floor slipperiness has been identified as one of the major risk factors
affecting the occurrence of slipping and falling on workplaces. Floor
slipperiness assessment was conducted in a factory manufacturing hand tools in
Taiwan. Three areas in the machine shop factory were measured. The friction
measurements were conducted using the Brungraber Mark II slipmeter. A total of
96 measurements of the coefficient of friction on the floor were conducted. In
addition, six employees were interviewed concerning their experiences of
slipping and falling in the sector and their perception of floor slipperiness.
The results showed that the floor in the sink area had significantly
(p<0.0001) lower COF values than the other two areas. The COF values in the
sink area were all less than 0.5, a safety standard commonly adopted in the
USA. Six of the employees in the factory were interviewed concerning their
perception of floor slipperiness and their experiences of slipping &
falling in the working areas. The results were discussed. Keywords: slip & fall; floor slipperiness; coefficient of friction; field
measurement | |||
| Development of Human Balance Assessment System with Continuous Center of Gravity Tracking | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 332-337 | |
| Ben-Yi Liau; Chi-Wen Lung; Yih-Kuen Jan | |||
| Fall is the second leading cause of injures for older adults in Taiwan. If
fall risk can be prevented or decreased, fall and its complications could be
reduced effectively. The purpose of this study is to develop the human balance
assessment system with LabVIEW program interface. 10 healthy adults were
enrolled in this study. They were evaluated under four kinds of postures while
standing on a 2-axis force platform for 20 seconds. The results showed the
displacements in both X and Y directions were smaller during stand with two
legs and open eyes (p<0.05). Balance index results also revealed balance
ability become lower while standing with one leg and closed eyes (p<0.05) In
conclusion, different postures would affect balance. These differences can be
assessed by this system. It is hope fall can be prevented in advanced and
decrease the medical burden in older adults by the system in the future. Keywords: fall risk; balance; force platform | |||
| Constructing Ergonomic Safety Modelling for Evaluating New Designs of Child Car Seats | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 338-347 | |
| Che-Yu Lu; Hsin-Hsi Lai | |||
| The safety and ergonomic compatibility are the most important parts for
designing child car seats. Since the children, especially the infants, cannot
objectively express their aptitudes of safety, comfort and opinions very well,
they cannot be suitable subjects for ergonomic design experiments. Applying
computers to simulate human motions for solving ergonomic design problems has
been explored for many years, especially in substituting real human engaging in
high risking tasks. However, in some specific fields of product design,
intelligent man-machine (abbreviated as IMM) models suitable for designers are
scarcely studied. The main purpose of this paper is trying to construct a
totally new IMM model to aid designers of child car seats in the process of
evaluating their new design concepts. The new computerized child model with
self-adjusting functions can be fitted to car seat designed by any designers.
The designer can maneuver the model to understand the potential design risks
and ergonomic compatibility, and then improve his design. Keywords: Child; belt design; solid-work | |||
| How Could This Have Happened? Unintentional Injuries of Young Children at Home | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 348-354 | |
| Rani Lueder | |||
| Unintentional injuries of young children at home are preventable. The causes
often relate to a range of factors that interact with inadequacies in design.
Two examples of court cases involving an entrapment injuries are reviewed. Keywords: Ergonomics for children; unintentional injuries in children; forensics;
product liability; asphyxiation injuries; toddlers; ergonomic design; nursery
product safety; residential elevators; LULA low volume elevators; human factors
expert witness cases | |||
| Usability of Portable Fire Extinguisher: Perspectives of Ergonomics and Intuitive Use | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 355-364 | |
| Maria Lucia Okimoto; Maicon Puppi; Sabrina Oliveira; Vanessa Macedo | |||
| The present study aims to explore the usage of portable fire extinguisher's
usability from the interaction with non-specialists in emergency context. Has
been noticed an absence of Brazil's proper education regarding procedures for
fires, evidencing the need for portable fire extinguishers to induce intuitive
usage and to improve the usability by users. Were also explored ergonomic
factors, such as effort to complete the task and user's perception of
discomfort. In order to simulate the emergency context, a usability test was
applied with addition stress stimuli. The study allows to conclude that the
portable fire extinguisher evaluated present a low level of intuitive use
induction, revealing the need to state better standards from Brazilian
authorities towards the label and handles of this product. This paper presents
the importance of evaluating ergonomic and intuitive factors related to
products required on emergency contexts. This study conducted in Brazil is the
starting point for other research that explore the theme and aim to improve
these devices, assisting designers to take into account aspects of intuitive
use and ergonomic principles during the configuration of industrial products. Keywords: Fire Extinguisher; Usability; Safety | |||
| Adaptive User-Centered Design for Safety and Comfort of Physical Human Nursing -- Care Robot Interaction | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 365-372 | |
| Minghui Sun; Hiromichi Nakashima; Shinya Hirano; Kazuya Matsuo; Ming Ding; Chang'an Jiang; Toshiharu Mukai; Guihe Qin | |||
| Nowadays serving robots are more and more popular in human society. However,
most of them are designed for the special people or for the special scenario.
There is little robot designed to apply appropriate interface for different
people that can accommodate age-related and body-related in physical
interaction. We propose that user-centered design should be used in physical
Human-robot interaction. In this research, we take a nursing-care robot as an
example. Based on the results of the experiment, we proved that the distance
between two arms of nursing-care robot, which affected the comfort and safety
of patient, should be applied by different patients with different body length.
We try to build the adaptive human robot interface based on the physical
properties of people, such as body length. This study is an attempt to explore
the adaptive human robot interaction and contributes to giving insights and
implications for the future design of general serving robot. Keywords: Physical human robot interaction; nursing-care robot; safe transferring | |||
| Investigation of an Agent-Based Modeling on Crowd Evacuation and Its Application to Real Buildings | | BIBAK | Full-Text | 373-382 | |
| Fujio Yamamoto | |||
| An agent-based modeling and the simulator for evacuation from multistory
buildings at the time of outbreak of an earthquake and the fire are presented.
The basic theory is that individual agents move in each floor and stair, unless
it is filled to capacity per unit area. The simulator can reflect the situation
when some destruction occurred in a passage and the stairs in the middle of
refuge, because the capacity can be changed dynamically every place. Each agent
moves in principle based on local information around oneself. However, as for
the cases that the inside of stairs has been clogged up, wide area information
equivalent to the broadcast in the hall is conveyed to agents after
pre-determined time. Comparative study with the real measurement and simulation
was carried out about the refuge time of the fire drill that was performed in a
university building of 12 stories. Keywords: Multi-Agent Systems; Crowd Evacuation; Behavioral Modeling | |||