| Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Interface to a Digital Video Library | | BIBAK | HTML | 2-3 | |
| Alexander G. Hauptmann; Michael J. Witbrock; Michael G. Christel | |||
| For the huge amounts of audio and video material that could usefully be
included in digital libraries, the cost of producing human-generated
annotations and meta-data is prohibitive. In the Informedia Digital Video
Library, the production of meta-data supporting the library interface is
automated using techniques from Artificial Intelligence (AI). By applying
speech recognition, natural language processing and image analysis, the
interface helps users locate the information they want and navigate or browse
the digital video library more effectively. Specific AI-based interface
components include automatic titles, filmstrips, video skims, word location
marking and representative frames for shots. Keywords: Video browsing, Information retrieval interfaces, Speech recognition,
News-On-Demand, Multimedia indexing and search, Informedia, Artificial
intelligence, Automatic text summarization, Video summarization, Digital
library | |||
| MOBI-D: A Model-Based Development Environment for User-Centered Design | | BIBAK | HTML | 4-5 | |
| Angel R. Puerta; David Maulsby | |||
| MOBI-D (Model-Based Interface Designer) is a software environment the design
and development of user interfaces from declarative interface models.
End-users informally describe tasks and data, from end-users, from which
developers construct formal models of user tasks and domain objects. The
system supports development of presentation and dialog specifications from such
models, and allows visualization of interface designs as units encompassing all
relations and dependencies among the elements of task, data and user-interface
specifications. MOBI-D is the first development environment to define an
interface model as a comprehensive conceptual object, to identify an interface
design as a declarative component of an interface model, and to establish a
development cycle based on such a model. The sharable nature of the interface
modeling language of MOBI-D, along with the open architecture of its system
opens the door for many research areas in HCI to explore the benefits and
potential of using interface models. Keywords: Model-based interface development, User interface development environments,
Interface design, Interface models, User-centered design, Task-based design | |||
| Conversational Awareness in Multiparty VMC | | BIBAK | HTML | 6-7 | |
| Roel Vertegaal | |||
| In this demonstration, we present a number of videoconferencing systems
which differ in support for conversational awareness. We argue that such
systems should convey speech, relative position, gaze direction and gaze of the
participants, but not necessarily full-motion video. Keywords: CSCW, Groupware, Videoconferencing, Awareness, Attention | |||
| An Environment that Integrates Flying and Fish Tank Metaphors | | BIBA | HTML | Web Page | 8-9 | |
| Dan Fleet; Colin Ware | |||
| Fledermaus VR is a system that combines the flying and Fish Tank metaphors for viewpoint control. A key component of the system is the continuous scaling of the scene so that it always appears just behind the screen. This scaling is done even when flying over a virtual landscape. Because the scene is scaled, it is always in the right position for Fish Tank VR viewing. In addition, the scaling removes some of the problems that commonly occur with stereoscopic displays, it puts objects in the appropriate place for manipulation, and it can be used to modulate the flight velocity. The system is demonstrated with a cable laying application. | |||
| Demonstrations and Guided Tours of Virtual Worlds on the Internet | | BIBAK | HTML | 10-11 | |
| Bruce Damer | |||
| Multi-user virtual worlds are proliferating on the Internet. These are two
and three dimensional graphical environments inhabited by users represented as
digital actors called "avatars". Through this medium, a wide variety of
Internet users are participating in a large scale social experiment and
collaborating on a variety of projects. The inhabited virtual world is an
exciting new medium for HCI professionals including interaction and graphic
designers, and educators and researchers focused on distance learning and
teleworking. It also appeals to children and ordinary users of the Internet as
a vast new digital playground and a venue for personal expression. This
demonstration will introduce participants to a variety of inhabited virtual
worlds and give them hands-on experience in collaboratively building and
interacting with other users in the worlds. Keywords: Virtual worlds, Social computing, Avatars, Collaborative workspaces, VRML,
Three dimensional interfaces | |||
| Alice Sat Here | | BIBAK | HTML | 12-13 | |
| Emily Hartzell; Nina Sobell | |||
| In this paper, we describe Alice Sat Here, a telerobotic installation in
which participants in physical space and cyberspace are afforded extended means
of interaction. Using live video served to the World Wide Web, telerobotic
camera control (pan and tilt controlled remotely over the Web), and a wheeled
electric throne driven by gallery visitors, Alice Sat Here becomes an interface
at the intersection of physical space and cyberspace. By designing an
installation as a physical metaphor for the Web, we hope to sensitize the
public to the dynamics at work on the Web (surveillance, control), and to
challenge the collective imagination of the kinds of experiences the Web can
offer. Keywords: Collaboration, Interaction, Control, Surveillance | |||
| Exploring Search Results with Envision | | BIBAK | HTML | 14-15 | |
| Lucy Terry Nowell; Robert K. France; Deborah Hix | |||
| Envision is a multimedia digital library of computer science literature,
with full-text searching and full-content retrieval capabilities. The Envision
system is noteworthy for two characteristics: 1) the high quality of the search
results returned by our free text search system and 2) a highly usable user
interface that provides powerful information visualization facilities, enabling
users explore patterns in the literature, changing the display as their
interests change. Keywords: Information visualization, Interface metaphors, Interface metaphors, User
interface design, Digital library | |||
| Knowledge-Based Support for Visual Exploration of Spatial Data | | BIBAK | HTML | 16-17 | |
| Gennady L. Andrienko; Nathalia V. Andrienko | |||
| The knowledge-based system IRIS is designed to help users in analysis of
spatially referenced statistical data. For this purpose the system provides
the user with automatically built thematic maps presenting the data visually.
The process of map design is governed by the domain-independent visualisation
knowledge base. The user receives the opportunity to concentrate on data
exploration instead of the process of planning and building data presentations.
Implementation of the interface part of the system in Java language allows to
run the system in the World Wide Web (WWW). Keywords: Data visualisation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Knowledge-based
systems, World Wide Web | |||
| Interactive Ethnography: Digital Photography at Lincoln High School | | BIBAK | HTML | 18-19 | |
| Bonnie A. Nardi; Brian Reilly | |||
| We demonstrate our CD-ROM, "Digital Photography at Lincoln High School: An
Interactive Ethnography," as well as a web-based example of interactive
ethnography. The goal of the work is to demonstrate a new medium for
presenting the results of ethnographic studies to a wide audience. The
richness of the ethnographic experience is easily lost in a text-only format.
The CD-ROM uses audio, video, text, QuickTime VR, scanned images and digital
photos to bring alive the experiences of the students and staff in the digital
photography class. Keywords: Multimedia, Ethnography, CD-ROM, Digital photography | |||
| Soft Toys with Computer Hearts: Building Personal Storytelling Environments | | BIBAK | HTML | 20-21 | |
| Marina Umaschi | |||
| SAGE is an authoring tool that allows children to design their own wise
storytellers to interact with. It explicitly aims to enable them to explore
their inner world, as well as to learn about storytelling and technology. In
order to foster emotional engagement and explore the integration of physical
and computer interfaces, the sage storyteller was embodied in a interactive
stuffed animal. Keywords: Personal storytelling, Authoring environments, Physical interfaces,
Metaphorical objects, Learning | |||
| Merging the Benefits of Paper Notebooks with the Power of Computers in Dynomite | | BIBAK | HTML | 22-23 | |
| Bill N. Schilit; Lynn D. Wilcox; Nitin "Nick" Sawhney | |||
| Dynomite is a portable electronic notebook for the capture and retrieval of
handwritten and audio notes. The goal of Dynomite is to merge the
organization, search, and data acquisition capabilities of a computer with the
benefits of a paper-based notebook. Dynomite provides novel solutions in four
key problem areas. First, Dynomite uses a casual, low cognitive overhead
interface. Second, for content indexing of notes, Dynomite uses ink properties
and keywords. Third, to assist organization, Dynomite's properties and
keywords define views, presenting a subset of the notebook content that
dynamically changes as users add new information. Finally, to augment
handwritten notes with audio on devices with limited storage, Dynomite
continuously records audio, but only permanently stores those parts highlighted
by the user. Keywords: Electronic notebook, Note-taking, Audio interfaces, Handwriting, Keyword
indexing, Ink properties, Retrieval, Paper-like interfaces, PDA, Pen computing Note: Presented as a paper at this session | |||
| Supporting Student-Built Algorithm Animation as a Pedagogical Tool | | BIBAK | HTML | 24-25 | |
| John T. Stasko | |||
| This demonstration describes a new approach to algorithm animation, one in
which the students construct the animations. We introduce the Samba system
that facilitates this process and describe how it has been used an
undergraduate algorithms courses as a teaching aid. Having students build the
animations, that is, construct the mapping from concepts to images, appears to
enable true understanding of the algorithm under study. Keywords: Algorithm animation, Education, Design, Programming, Software visualization | |||
| The Agentsheets Behavior Exchange: Supporting Social Behavior Processing | | BIBAK | HTML | 26-27 | |
| Alexander Repenning; James Ambach | |||
| In end-user programming it is still hard to overcome the tension between
usability and expressiveness. Some end-user programming approaches focus on
simple use but they make it hard or even impossible to write programs
expressing useful functionality. Other programming approaches can be very
expressive by allowing the construction of arbitrary complex programs but this
expressiveness comes at the price of usability. End user programming
approaches that are at least reasonably usable and expressive at the same time
require not merely a syntactic improvement of programming languages but a new
way to conceptualize the programming process in a social context. Social
behavior processing describes the idea of elevating programming components to
the level of easily composable and decomposable entities that can be shared
through the World Wide Web with a community of end-users. The Agentsheets
Behavior Exchange is outlined here as a forum for end-user programmers,
including middle school kids and professionals, to (a) compose behaviors in
order to create interactive SimCityTM-like simulations and games, to (b)
comprehend behaviors created by other users or by themselves, and to (c) share
these behaviors with other users. In end-user programming it is still hard to
overcome the tension between usability and expressiveness. Some end-user
programming approaches focus on simple use but they make it hard or even
impossible to write programs expressing useful functionality. Other
programming approaches can be very expressive by allowing the construction of
arbitrary complex programs but this expressiveness comes at the price of
usability. End user programming approaches that are at least reasonably usable
and expressive at the same time require not merely a syntactic improvement of
programming languages but a new way to conceptualize the programming process in
a social context. Social behavior processing describes the idea of elevating
programming components to the level of easily composable and decomposable
entities that can be shared through the World Wide Web with a community of
end-users. The Agentsheets Behavior Exchange is outlined here as a forum for
end-user programmers, including middle school kids and professionals, to (a)
compose behaviors in order to create interactive SimCity-like simulations and
games, to (b) comprehend behaviors created by other users or by themselves, and
to (c) share these behaviors with other users. Keywords: Agents, World Wide Web, End-user programming, Interactive simulation, Drag
and drop, Programming by example, Domain-specific applications, Education,
Collaborative learning | |||
| "Eudaemonic Eye;" "Personal Imaging" and Wearable Computing as a Result of Deconstructing HCI; towards Greater Creativity and Self-Determination | | BIBAK | HTML | 28-29 | |
| Steve Mann | |||
| The apparatus for 'personal imaging' consists of a combination of the
author's 'existential computer' invention (hardware portion also referred to as
the "wearable computer") with an electronic camera as the primary input device.
Personal imaging, a conceptual framework around this simple apparatus, is first
presented as a new research area, and then applications to the visual arts, and
to personal documentary, are presented. Keywords: Existential computing, Wearable computing, Personal imaging, Lightpainting,
Electronic flash, Mobile multimedia, Video orbits, VideoClips, Pencigraphic
imaging, Personal documentary, Augmented reality, Mediated reality | |||
| Using Music as a Communication Medium | | BIBAK | HTML | 30-31 | |
| James Alty; Paul Vickers; Dimitros Rigas | |||
| Music is a rich communication medium, and there are some similarities
between the job of a music composer and that of an HCI designer (although their
objectives may be different). Whilst sound has been used in interfaces, its
use has mainly been at a primitive level, often involving real-world sound.
Since music offers a highly structured set of mechanisms for communicating, it
is surprising that there have been so few attempts at exploring its
possibilities. Our current activity involves investigations into the use of
music in algorithmic audiolisation and program debugging. Keywords: Music, Interface design, Debugging, Multi-media, Audiolisation | |||
| IFQ: A Visual Query Interface for Object-Based Image Retrieval | | BIBK | HTML | 32-33 | |
| Wen-Syan Li; K. Selcuk Candan; Kyoji Hirata; Yoshinori Hara | |||
Keywords: Image retrieval, Visual query interface | |||
| Depictive Interaction with Visual Information Using Sketches -- DIVIUS | | BIBAK | HTML | 34-35 | |
| Andree Woodcock; Stephen A. R. Scrivener; M. W. Lansdale | |||
| Querying of visual databases has relied predominantly on text based systems.
Words do not provide an appropriate or adequate means of describing visual
artifacts. A system (DIVIUS) has been developed which allows users to describe
and query objects in a pictorial database, using a visual language derived from
the database objects. Users can also indicate their level of uncertainty
regarding certain attributes of the query. Keywords: Visual interface, Pictorial database, Uncertainty, Database evaluation, User
models | |||
| Access for All: HEPHAISTOS -- A Personal Home Assistant | | BIBAK | HTML | 36-37 | |
| Michael Burmester; Joachim Machate; Jochen Klein | |||
| In this paper, we describe a demonstrator which was developed in the course
of the European project TIDE 1004: HEPHAISTOS (Home Environment Private Help
AssISTant fOr elderly and diSabled). The demonstrator constitutes a hand held
personal home assistant capable to control a selected range of electronic home
devices. Its multimodal user interface is based on a coloured high resolution
touch screen extended with speech input/output. The development process
focused on taking into account requirements of elderly people and people with
special needs. The usability of the personal assistant was evaluated in a
series of user tests with subjects from this particular demographic groups. Keywords: Personal home assistant, Customer electronics, Touch sensitive control,
Speech recognition, User interface design, Dialogue elements, PSN-elderly,
Design for all | |||
| Mediators: Guides through Online TV Services | | BIBAK | HTML | 38-39 | |
| Han Kohar; Ian Ginn | |||
| The Mediator prototype which is demonstrated is the result of exploratory
research into domestic online entertainment services. Mediators are
anthropomorphic guides who aid users in selection and navigation to content in
interactive television services. The project goals include developing
prototype services and navigation tools and carrying out extensive user tests.
The main focus of the work is to develop models of interaction, functionality
and system behaviour. Keywords: Interactive television, Service creation, Consumer systems,
Anthropomorphism, Social interaction, Navigation, Interface agents, Adaptivity | |||
| Research Issues in Intelligent Data Visualisation for Exploration and Communication | | BIBAK | HTML | 40-41 | |
| Gennady L. Andrienko; Nathalia V. Andrienko | |||
| Efficiency and quality of solving problems by people are greatly affected by
the way in that relevant information is arranged and presented. There is a
need for intelligent software assisting humans by automatic generation of
adequate presentations. We focus on graphical and especially cartographic data
presentations and distinguish two problem classes where these presentations
have high potential: data exploration and communication. It is argued that
graphics design principles should be different for these two classes. Data
communication is treated in a wider sense than merely report making: it is
proposed to consider a "visual message" being built with respect to author's
pragmatic goals, beliefs, attitudes, etc., as well as the image of the
addressee. We outline the necessary research directions and reason about the
role that could be played in such a research by the prototype knowledge-based
system IRIS we have developed earlier. Keywords: Visual data exploration, Visual data communication, Intelligent support,
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Knowledge-based systems | |||
| An Approach to Evaluation of Software Visualization | | BIBAK | HTML | 42 | |
| Vladimir L. Averbukh; Alexandr V. Konovalov; Vladislav V. Vorzopov | |||
| In connection with semiotic aspects of visual languages we define and
generalize the content of such conception as visual metaphor, visual language
dictionary, visual expressiveness, adequacy in visualization. The experimental
system ParaVision should help to search the techniques for evaluating of such
characteristics as adequacy in visualization that is as far as a given visual
system may satisfy the needs of a given user for solving of a given problem. Keywords: Visual metaphors, Visual expressiveness, Adequacy in visualization | |||
| Multiagents Based Modelling in Graphical User Interfaces | | BIBAK | HTML | 43-44 | |
| Dorian Gorgan | |||
| A graphical environment that implements visual programming techniques based
on autonomous agents is presented. The model consists of active entities
called agents, and passive entities such as behaviours, trajectories, actions,
and conditions. The agents have a rule based behaviour defined as a spatial
and temporal evolution. A consistent set of agent structures, actions and rule
types is highlighted to support a general oriented visual programming. The
model concerns on the notion of trajectory and topological information used in
a cooperative evolution to control applications which are based on real time
processes synchronization, data flow diagrams, graphical animation,
metaphorical user interface, visual programming, multimedia and artificial
intelligence techniques. Keywords: User interfaces, Multiagents, Visual programming, Direct manipulation, Rule
based behaviour | |||
| Transferring Usability Engineering to Software Houses: Some Practical Experiences | | BIBAK | HTML | 45-46 | |
| Marcin Sikorski | |||
| This paper describes market-related and social background of existing
limitations in transferring usability engineering methods to software companies
in Poland. Typical approaches of software vendors, developers, managers and
users are shortly presented as possible reasons of low usability of many local
software products. Providing information, guidelines and usability services
are discussed as means for developing usability consciousness among all
stakeholders involved in developing software for management support. Keywords: Software usability, Management, Central-Eastern Europe, Poland | |||
| HCI in the Czech Republic | | BIBAK | HTML | 47-48 | |
| Pavel Slavik | |||
| The paper describes the current situation and historical development in the
HCI field in the Czech Republic. An outline of the most important features in
this area is given. The reader can get ideas about the current state of art
especially in research and education. A description of the situation in some
specific applications is also given. In summary, the reader can find a short
evaluation given together with some proposals on how to improve the current
situation in the HCI field in this particular country. Keywords: HCI, Interaction, GUI, Interface, Multimedia, Virtual reality | |||
| Hypermedia Extension Based on Recursive Abstractions | | BIBAK | HTML | 49-50 | |
| Vladislav Valkovsky; Dmitry Krechman; Igor Nikiforov; Dmitry Chenosov | |||
| There are many well documented problems facing the ordinary user, as opposed
to the enthusiast, of Hypermedia (HM) technology which can lead these users to
be frustrated by, or give-up using hypermedia technology altogether. Among
these classic HM problems are: the Framing Problem, Framing And
Intercomparision Combined, Link Types, Versioning And Historical Backtrack,
Closed Context and Open Media, Adding These Aspects Later, Disorientation [3],
Information Structuring Systems [2], Visualizing [4]. This paper focuses on
one of these key problems, "the Framing Problem" -- as the number of hypermedia
objects grows the problem of restricting our attention to only the relevant
connections becomes harder [3]. How can we structure the source hypermedia to
show semantically related clusters? By solving this problem it is possible to
offer new ways for people to search and browse hypermedia. Keywords: Hypermedia, Navigation, Structural analysis, Abstraction | |||
| Displayless Interface Access to Spatial Data: Effects on Speaker Prosodics | | BIBAK | HTML | 51-52 | |
| Julie Baca | |||
| Displayless interface technology must address challenges similar to those
presented by the problem of providing GUI access to visually impaired users.
Both must address the issue of providing nonvisual access to spatial data.
This research examines the hypothesis that such access places a cognitive
burden on the user, which in turn will impact the prosodics, i.e. nonverbal
aspects, of the user's speech. Keywords: GUI access, Displayless interfaces, Prosodics | |||
| Enhancement of Communicative Presence in Desktop Video Conferencing Systems | | BIBAK | HTML | 53-54 | |
| Alessandro Barabesi | |||
| Communicative presence (CP) has been defined as "... the capacity of a
system to transfer mutual communicative signals of interlocutors." [2]. The
main objective of my research is to define communicative presence more
precisely and improve it in Desktop Video Conferencing Systems (DVCSs). An
initial experiment has suggested that the modality of all available channels
should be consistent. Keywords: Video conferencing, Communicative presence, Communication tools | |||
| Representation Without Taxation: What Makes GUI Good | | BIBAK | HTML | 55-56 | |
| Brian D. Ehret | |||
| In the proposed work, research in cognitive science and display-based HCI is
synthesized and brought to bear on the question of "what makes GUI good?". A
two-phase approach is outlined. The empirical phase will build upon a
foundation laid by display-based HCI research. The computational modeling
phase will be informed by the empirical phase and previous modeling efforts.
The primary goal is to be able to explicate conditions under which a user will
rely on external display components vs. internal knowledge structures to
control task performance. Keywords: Display-based HCI, Cognitive modeling, ACT-R, Expertise, GUI | |||
| Accounting for Individual Differences Through GAMES: Guided Adaptive Multimedia Editing System | | BIBAK | HTML | 57-58 | |
| Bernd Gutkauf | |||
| Multimedia communication is influenced by increasing complexity and reach of
information and by a rapidly growing user population. Due to these
developments average authors of electronically published media have little
expert knowledge in multimedia presentations. They are also confronted with
considerable individual differences of recipients in culture, social life,
education, psychology and physiology. In order to compensate for these
shortcomings it is necessary to integrate interpretation and interaction
abilities of individual users into future presentation and editing systems. We
are developing a chart editing system which generates critics by user request.
These critics are based on a user model, on expert knowledge in chart editing
and on the currently edited chart. The system helps the author to avoid
commonly made mistakes. It empowers recipients to adjust certain parameters
(e.g.: colors) to their individual abilities and needs. Keywords: Individual differences, Perception, User model, Visualization, Multimedia,
Adaptive systems, Intelligent systems, Electronic publishing, Cognitive
psychology, Computer | |||
| Learning for Usability: An Explorative Study of Qualities in Use | | BIBAK | HTML | 59-60 | |
| Stefan Holmlid | |||
| Efforts for creating usable systems which fulfill the purpose of being
efficient and effective tools in an enterprise have been focused on the
software itself. The study proposed here turns to the user, and to what the
user contributes with for that use. The study explores the concepts of
usability and qualities of software in use, and their relationship to end-users
learning to use the software, in a case study approach. The understanding
developed during this study will be used in an intervention study, which aims
at proposing a way for formal training to contribute to usability and quality
in use. Keywords: Usability, End-user training, Quality in use | |||
| Computer Aided Creativity and Multicriteria Optimization in Design | | BIBAK | HTML | 61-62 | |
| Denis Lalanne | |||
| Establishing that machines cannot automate creative design and that it is a
difficult task for humans, I propose a computational model based on the human
and machine complementarity and collaboration. Keywords: Human-machine asynchronous collaboration, Interactive intelligence, Creative
design | |||
| The Multimodal GUI: Developing Auditory Cues as Tools for Performance and Usability | | BIBAK | HTML | 63-64 | |
| La Tondra A. Murray | |||
| Designers who use sound in the computer interface must do so judiciously.
The inclusion of auditory cues within an interface should be a mechanism for
the improvement of task performance and the facilitation of usability. Gaver
[6] and Blattner [1] have demonstrated the utility of auditory cues in
communicating information to users. The usage of "spatially-enhanced" speech
and nonspeech elements could provide an additional source of data that might
help or hurt performance. The usefulness of an auditory cue could be linked to
acoustical parameters, spatialization, and task type. The proposed study will
assess the improvement of user performance for various types of auditory cues
as applied to spatial and verbal computer tasks. These results will be
important to multimedia developers who want to create software that facilitates
user acceptance or the quality of user performance. Keywords: Auditory I/O, Human performance, Multimedia, User acceptance, User interface
design | |||
| Graphical Encoding in Information Visualization | | BIBAK | HTML | 65-66 | |
| Lucy Terry Nowell | |||
| In producing a design to visualize search results for a digital library
called Envision [5, 7], we found that choosing graphical devices and document
attributes to be encoded with each graphical device is a surprisingly difficult
task. By graphical devices we mean those visual display elements (e.g., color,
shape, size, position, etc.) used to convey encoded information. Research in
several areas provides scientific guidance for design and evaluation of
graphical encodings which might otherwise be reduced to opinion and personal
taste. However, literature offers inconclusive and often conflicting
viewpoints, leading us to further empirical research. Keywords: Information visualization, Iconic display, User interface design, Graphical
encoding | |||
| Groupware Adoption & Adaptation | | BIBAK | HTML | 67-68 | |
| Leysia Ann Palen | |||
| This paper describes my research on the adoption of groupware technologies
in business organizations, and their subsequent integration with individual and
organizational work practices as a result of wide, sustained use. An initial
study of two organizations successfully using a particular groupware technology
-- electronic calendars and meeting schedulers -- revealed several technical,
behavioral, and organizational factors that enabled initial adoption.
Additional findings from this study suggested that groupware technology was
integrated into work practices quite differently at each site, despite
similarities in adoption patterns and other organizational features. My
dissertation research will continue to elaborate the conditions that enable
adoption of groupware technologies. My investigations will also explore the
way electronic calendars are subsequently integrated into local work practices,
and the organizational ramifications of these particular adaptations. Keywords: Groupware, Calendars, Meeting schedulers, Adoption, Adaptation, Artifacts,
Information resource, Collaboration, Organizational memory, CSCW | |||
| The Use of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge in Intelligent Navigation Displays | | BIBAK | HTML | 69-70 | |
| Brian H. Philips | |||
| One theory of environmental cognition suggests that both declarative
landmark knowledge and procedural route knowledge are essential in structuring
internal representations of the environment; such representations facilitate
effective navigation in that environment [5, 7]. The proposed study will
provide data to test this theory. The application that will be studied is an
Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), which provides route guidance
information to automobile drivers. Current route guidance systems incorporate
only procedural route information in their route guidance displays (i.e., they
give directions for getting to your destination without supplying landmarks to
identify the route [e.g., 3]). This study will evaluate how the inclusion of
landmark icons in ATIS displays affects users' navigation performance. The
results will be important to ATIS developers, who need to know what
informational elements to include in ATIS route guidance displays to most
effectively support navigation tasks. The results will also be important in a
theoretical sense, by testing a theory of environmental cognition with
real-world navigation tasks. Keywords: ATIS, Declarative knowledge, Intelligent systems, ITS, Landmarks,
Navigation, Procedural knowledge | |||
| Single Display Groupware | | BIBAK | HTML | 71-72 | |
| Jason E. Stewart | |||
| Face-to-face collaboration of small groups is one of the most common forms
of group work, yet group-aware computer support for this type of collaboration
is limited. My research examines the effectiveness of Single Display Groupware
(SDG), computer systems that support face-to-face collaboration around a single
computer display. Together with the help of a group of elementary school
children, I will design and build a prototype SDG system called Sushi that is
an authoring tool for interactive multimedia stories. Keywords: CSCW, Children, Authoring tools, CHIKids, Desktop-based collaboration,
Direct manipulation, Education, Exploratory learning, Groupware, HCI, Input
devices, Interactive learning, Iterative design, User centered design | |||
| Evaluating Real-Time Multimedia Audio and Video Quality | | BIBAK | HTML | 73-74 | |
| Anna Watson | |||
| The aim of this research is to assess and establish quality thresholds for
real-time Internet audio and video. Real-time multimedia conferencing over the
Internet has huge potential, but there are limitations to the quality of audio
and video that can be achieved, due to bandwidth limitations and the processing
power of individual workstations. Assessing the effects of these limitations
on the conference participant is not straightforward. The novel types of
degradation found over the Internet means that existing speech and video
quality assessment methods may not be applicable to multimedia conferencing
experiences. This PhD will assess existing tests for measuring perceived
quality from the psychology and telecommunications literature with respect to
multimedia conferencing. The long term aim is to produce guidelines as to
required bandwidth and quality for different multimedia conferencing tasks and
applications. Keywords: Multimedia conferencing, MBone, Speech intelligibility, Speech quality,
Video use, Task | |||
| HCI at the University of Michigan's School of Information | | BIBAK | HTML | 75-76 | |
| Gary M. Olson; Judith S. Olson; George Furnas; Elliot Soloway; Daniel E. Atkins | |||
| The School of Information at the University of Michigan is a new graduate
school that offers highly interdisciplinary opportunities in education and
research. We have a program in HCI as well as Library and Information
Sciences, Archives and Record Management, and are discussing offerings in
Future Systems Architecture, Organizational Information Systems. Keywords: Graduate programs, HCI, CSCW, Information sciences | |||
| Introducing Usability at London Life Insurance Company | | BIBAK | HTML | 77-78 | |
| Brenda Kerton | |||
| This presentation describes how and why Usability Engineering is being
introduced at London Life. It describes the unique set of circumstances that
were present allowing us to integrate usability engineering from day one in a
project. It will cover our approach to learning about and institutionalizing
the usability process into a well established internal systems development
area. Our future plans will also be discussed. Keywords: User profile, Work and task analysis, Usability goal setting, Usability
walkthroughs, Application development process, Organizational context,
Sponsorship, Skills transfer | |||
| Multimodal Human Computer Interaction Research at Toshiba Research and Development Center | | BIBAK | HTML | 79-80 | |
| Yoichi Takebayashi; Miwako Doi | |||
| Toshiba's Human Interface Research Group is pursuing media understanding and
intelligent interaction technologies to achieve natural multimodal HCI
(human-computer interaction). In collaboration with Toshiba's other corporate
laboratories, engineering laboratories and business divisions, we have been
developing practical interactive systems and products related to information
services, consumer electronics, document filing and industrial equipment. Keywords: Organizations, Multimodal, HCI, Information filtering, Knowledge sharing,
Media understanding | |||
| HCI at Trilogy: Bringing the Design Stance to a Startup | | BIBAK | HTML | 81-82 | |
| J. Epstein; E. Loh; J. Marks; J. Lilly | |||
| A successful startup in the arena of enterprise software, Trilogy
Development Group began experimenting with HCI as a means for improving user
reactions to their products. Two years have passed since the first
experiments; in that time an entire HCI group was created and has subsequently
become a respected and critical component of Trilogy's development process, as
well as taking some responsibility for providing a vision for Trilogy's future.
This paper chronicles our experiences in bringing the "design stance" to
Trilogy. Keywords: Organizations, HCI, User interface, Design, Interaction design, Enterprise
software, Startups | |||
| The NCR Human Interface Technology Center | | BIBAK | HTML | 83-84 | |
| Thomas J. MacTavish; Richard L. Henneman | |||
| The NCR Human Interface Technology Center (HITC) exists to meet its
customers' business needs through the application of new human-interface
technologies. The HITC designs and develops these user-interface solutions
through a user-centered design (UCD) process, in which user needs and
expectations guide all design and development decisions. The HITC consists of
about 90 engineers and scientists with expertise in such areas as cognitive
engineering, graphic design, image understanding, artificial intelligence,
intelligent tutoring, database mining, and new I/O technologies. Established
in 1988, the HITC is funded by work performed for its customers. Keywords: User interface, User-centered design, Cognitive engineering, Human-interface
technology | |||
| 0 to 50 in 4 Years: CUIS at Boeing | | BIBAK | HTML | 85-86 | |
| Kevin Neher; Randy Worsech | |||
| The Common User Interface Services (CUIS) group at Boeing is a full-featured
support organization for Boeing user interface developers. The group has
achieved key successes and has increased the visibility of the importance of
usability engineering to the point where it has been established as a key
corporate initiative in 1996. Keywords: Organization overview, Usability engineering, Usability measurement,
Reusable components, User interface standards | |||
| The Founding of the Netscape User Experience Group | | BIBAK | HTML | 87-88 | |
| Tony Fernandes | |||
| Netscape Communications is a company that has grown faster than any other
software company in history. Although the design effort at Netscape has
evolved greatly, the initial experience of bringing design into an organization
in hypergrowth provided some valuable lessons in the creation of a successful
design organization. Keywords: Organizations, Usability testing, Human factors, Visual design | |||
| HCI Education & Research at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez | | BIBAK | HTML | 89-90 | |
| Jose A. Borges; Manuel A. Perez-Quinones; Nestor J. Rodriguez | |||
| HCI at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) of the
University of Puerto Rico -- Mayaguez (UPRM) has taken center stage in the
Computer Engineering program in just three years. This growth has been
reflected in the academic programs, research, facilities, faculty, and
students. Our research and academic emphasis is on usability engineering and
programming of user interfaces. Keywords: HCI education, HCI research, Usability engineering | |||
| Human Interface Design at Fidelity Investments | | BIBAK | HTML | 91-92 | |
| Thomas S. Tullis | |||
| This presentation describes the Human Interface Design department at
Fidelity Investments. Although not in the computer hardware or software
business, Fidelity develops an amazingly wide variety of systems in support of
our business. The Human Interface Design department, which is composed of
people from a variety of backgrounds, provides several key services to systems
development projects throughout the company, including user interface design
and prototyping, usability testing, and online help development. We are also
responsible for the corporate Graphical User Interface Style Guide and Web
Design Guide. Examples of the development projects we assist with are
described, as well as strategic projects that address more general human
interface issues. Keywords: Financial services, Usability testing, Online help, User interface design,
Style guides, Prototyping | |||
| The User-Centered Globalization Group at AT&T | | BIBAK | HTML | 93-94 | |
| Maria Gabriela Alvarez; Nuray Aykin; Diane Z. Lehder | |||
| This paper describes the User-Centered Globalization Group at AT&T, which
provides internationalization and localization consulting services within AT&T
and to outside customers. It reviews the group's history and areas of
expertise, and discusses sample projects and future strategy. Keywords: Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, User interface | |||
| Usability Services at Compuware-Madison: Bringing Usability to Data Processing | | BIBAK | HTML | 95-96 | |
| Julie Nowicki; Shawn Lawton Henry | |||
| This presentation describes the Usability Services group at
Compuware-Madison. Compuware-Madison is part of the national Compuware
Professional Services Division, which provides consulting services for the
computing industry, primarily data processing divisions of corporations. The
Usability Services group was developed to help clients who are moving from
traditional mainframe environments to newer technologies that use graphical
user interfaces (GUIs). A group organized specifically to address usability
issues is atypical in the data processing area, both from the client
corporation and the consulting provider's perspective. This presentation
describes how the group came to be, its projects, the challenges it faces, and
its successes. Keywords: Usability engineering, HCI education, HCI in organizations | |||
| Hypermedia Research at C&C Research Labs, NEC USA | | BIBAK | HTML | 97-98 | |
| Yoshinori Hara; Kojiro Watanabe | |||
| This presentation describes the Usability Services group at
Compuware-Madison. Compuware-Madison is part of the national Compuware
Professional Services Division, which provides consulting services for the
computing industry, primarily data processing divisions of corporations. The
Usability Services group was developed to help clients who are moving from
traditional mainframe environments to newer technologies that use graphical
user interfaces (GUIs). A group organized specifically to address usability
issues is atypical in the data processing area, both from the client
corporation and the consulting provider's perspective. This presentation
describes how the group came to be, its projects, the challenges it faces, and
its successes. Keywords: Usability engineering, HCI education, HCI in organizations | |||
| Design v. Computing: Debating the Future of Human-Computer Interaction | | BIBAK | HTML | 99-100 | |
| Tony Salvador; Dan Boyarski; Paul Dourish; Jim Faris; Wendy Kellogg; Terry Winograd | |||
| This debate questions the presumption that the future of human-computer
interaction resides in the computing sciences. We propose the following
resolution: It is resolved that the CHI community should disassociate from
professional computing societies and realign closely with professional design
societies. The four panelists will form two teams with Terry Winograd & Jim
Faris arguing for the resolution and Paul Dourish & Wendy Kellogg arguing
against it. It is our intention to evoke the widest possible range of
viewpoints and discussion in the community on this very important topic for the
future of human computer interaction. Keywords: Human-computer interaction, Design, Computer science | |||
| Transferring a Designed User Experience to Product | | BIBAK | HTML | 101-102 | |
| Gitta Salomon; Chris Edwards; Hector Moll-Carrillo; Kevin Mullet; Laura Teodosio | |||
| How can interaction designers ensure that their work makes its way into the
final implementation of a product? The language, tools and techniques for
communicating design ideas within the interactive product development domain
are currently emerging. This panel provides insight into promising approaches
by examining the ways in which several practitioners have succeeded, and
failed, at transferring their design ideas to current products. Keywords: Technology transfer, Design, Interaction design, Product development, User
interface, Software development | |||
| Web Interfaces Live: What's Hot, What's Not? | | BIBAK | HTML | 103-104 | |
| Keith Instone; Mary Czerwinski; S. Joy Mountford; Jakob Nielsen; Bruce "Tog" Tognazzini | |||
| You are up against a million other Web sites: how do you get users to come
to your site? This panel will visit live sites on the WWW and debate what
works and doesn't work in Web user interfaces. Keywords: WWW, Web, Internet, Design, Evaluation, Reviewing | |||
| Intelligent Software Agents vs. User-Controlled Direct Manipulation: A Debate | | BIBAK | HTML | 105-106 | |
| Jim Miller; Pattie Maes; Ben Shneiderman | |||
| Critical issues in human-computer interaction -- in particular, the
advantages and disadvantages of intelligent agents and direct manipulation --
will be discussed, debated, and hotly contested. The intent of the
participants is to strike an appropriate balance between a serious discussion
of the issues and an entertaining debate. Keywords: Agents, Direct manipulation, Intelligent interfaces, Graphical
representation | |||
| Telework: When Your Job is on the Line | | BIBAK | HTML | 107-108 | |
| Jean C. Scholtz; Victoria Bellotti; Jenny DeGroot; Tom Erickson; Arnold Lund; Leslie Schirra | |||
| This panel will discuss teleworking experiences. Our panel consists of
several types of teleworkers, a manager of a teleworker and a researcher who
studied teleworking. The panel will address questions concerning the value of
telework, the factors that affect success of telework, and the way in which
telework changed their job. Keywords: Telework, Telecommuting, Remote work | |||
| None of the Above: What's Really Essential in HCI Education? | | BIBAK | HTML | 109-110 | |
| Andrew Sears; Marian Williams; Jean B. Gasen; Tom Hewett; John Karat; Gail McLaughlin | |||
| As we look to the future of HCI education, it is clear that, despite major
HCI curriculum initiatives [1, 2], there is little consensus in the CHI
community about what the content of HCI education should include or about how
and by whom that content should be delivered. This panel gives voice to both
prevailing and minority opinions on the subject. Keywords: HCI Education, Industry, Academia | |||
| Computers, Kids, and Creativity: What Does the Future Hold? | | BIBAK | HTML | 111-112 | |
| Allison Druin; David Smith; Jordana Huchital; Michael Chanover; Amy Bruckman | |||
| Our children are fast becoming one of the largest new user groups taking
advantage of emerging technologies. How our children learn, play, and
communicate are quickly changing. This panel will not ask the question whether
technology will be a part of our children's lives. The panel participants
believe this is a given. Instead, the panelists, professionals in developing
new technologies for children, will consider the impact and possible changes
that may be in store for our children and their future technologies. Once the
panelists have offered brief statements on their visions of the future,
children from the CHIkids program will be discussants and ask questions that
concern them about the future of new technologies for children. Keywords: Children, The future, Social issues, Home, Multimedia Internet, Educational
applications, Entertainment | |||
| "On Your Marks, Get Set, Browse!" (The Great CHI 97 Browse Off!) | | BIBAK | HTML | 113-114 | |
| Kevin Mullett; Christopher Fry; Diane Schiano | |||
| This session brings together several leading structure visualization and
browsing technologies for an entertaining yet informative "live" comparison.
Users of each system will compete "head-to-head" in a series of races designed
to simulate the stressful conditions under which real world browsing often
takes place. Expert and novice operators will use four different visualization
and browsing tools to complete a set of generic retrieval tasks as quickly and
accurately as possible within the same information space. Attendees will be
able to see for themselves which techniques work well or poorly as each system
demonstrates its potential for a range of users. Keywords: Visualization, Browsing, Navigation, Interaction design, Information
retrieval, Evaluation | |||
| Corporate Strategy and Usability Research: A New Partnership | | BIBAK | HTML | 115-116 | |
| Stephanie Rosenbaum; Janice Rohn; John Thomas; Judee Humburg; Sarah Bloomer; Mary Czerwinski | |||
| This panel explores approaches to making usability research more strategic
within organizations -- not just with respect to the product development life
cycle, but pervasive throughout the organization. Six panelists discuss
different ways in which usability can be strategic, depending on their
organizational environments or "profiles." Keywords: Strategic planning, Usability research, Corporate strategy, Organizational
environments, Organizational profiles | |||
| Utopia Appropriated: The Future as It Was | | BIBAK | HTML | 117 | |
| Rick Prelinger | |||
| This program takes a critical look at mid-20th-century utopian promises and
persuasions as dramatized in industrial and advertising films released between
1936 and 1965. In these films and related advertising campaigns, major
American corporations appropriated old utopian ideas as their own, promising a
bright, affluent future enabled by cybernetics, household technology, and new
means of transportation and communication. Despite the amusing anachronisms in
these films, many of the ideas they promote are still very much part of
corporate discourse today, and have had a tremendous effect on shaping public
expectations and attitudes towards information technology. Keywords: Motion pictures, Industrial films, Ephemeral films, Commercial speech,
Business history, Utopianism, Utopias, Futurism, Material culture,
Communications, Technology, Consumerism, Social history, Cultural history | |||
| Universal Access to the Net: Requirements and Social Impact | | BIBA | HTML | 118 | |
| Jeff Johnson | |||
| This article addresses the following questions: Where do we stand today with respect to achieving universal access to the Internet? What is required (particularly in the HCI realm) to achieve it? What are some of the consequences and side-effects -- positive and negative -- for society? | |||
| A Typology for Educational Interfaces | | BIBAK | HTML | 119-120 | |
| Tim O'Shea | |||
| Interfaces intended to support learning should be considered with respect to
a typology based on student audience, constructive functionality, navigation
support, cognitive cost and added learning value. Analysed like this, the
quality of interfaces used by students has noticeably improved over the past 10
years, in dramatic contrast to the much slower change in pedagogic value of
educational software. The potential for the use of computers in support of
interaction between learners, their peers and remote information sources has
revealed important weaknesses inherent in current approaches to navigation
support. Key problems include scaleability, accessing peer learners and the
shape and size of information spaces. Keywords: Educational interface, Navigational support, Memory prosthesis, Scaleability | |||
| The Design Interaction | | BIB | HTML | -- | |
| Terry Winograd | |||